Orientador: Hélio Rebello Cardoso Junior / Banca: Lúcia Helena Oliveira Silva / Banca: Karina Anhezini de Araujo / Banca: Fabio Franzini / Banca: Igor Guedes Ramos / Resumo: Com a implantação dos cursos de pós-graduação no Brasil, a partir dos anos 1970, a historiografia brasileira passou por algumas transformações que implicaram mudanças tanto de ordem institucional quanto teórico-metodológica. Nas últimas décadas, vários estudiosos veem se dedicando a compreender os reais contornos das mudanças historiográficas ocorridas a partir deste período. Esta tese faz parte desse conjunto de trabalhos e teve como objetivo principal refletir como tais transformações historiográficas se deram dentro do campo específico da história da escravidão no Brasil. Para isso, o estudo dividiu-se em duas partes complementares. A primeira buscou identificar e analisar os principais enunciados até então emitidos sobre a historiografia da escravidão durante os anos 1980, momento em que os cursos de pós-graduação apresentavam sinais de amadurecimento e as mudanças historiográficas mostravam-se mais nítidas. Três enunciados principais foram identificados. O primeiro, encabeçado por Jacob Gorender, afirmava ser a renovação historiográfica dos anos 1980 um movimento de retorno às teses de Gilberto Freyre. O segundo enunciado, por sua vez, emitido sobretudo por Ciro Flamarion Cardoso, entendia que a produção do período sinalizava a autenticação e o aprofundamento de sua tese que compreendia a existência de um modo de produção escravista colonial regendo a sociedade escravista. Por fim, identificou-se um terceiro enunciado... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: With the implementation of postgraduate courses in Brazil, emerged from 1970, Brazilian historiography underwent some transformations that implied the change in both institutional and theoretical-methodological form. In the last decades, several scholars have been devoting themselves to a knowledge of the historiographic changes that have occurred since this period. This research is part of this research group and its purpose is to analyze the historiography of slavery. On this, the study is divided into two complementary parts. The first part sought to identify and analyze the statements issued about the history of slavery during the 1980s. Three statements were identified. The first, issued by Jacob Gorender, says that the historiographical renewal of the 1980s is a movement that takes up again the Gilberto Freyre arguments. The second statement, in turn, issued mainly by Ciro Flamarion Cardoso, understood that the production of the period signaled the authentication and deepening of his thesis that included the existence of a colonial slave production mode governing slave society. Finally, a third statement was identified, emitted by S. Chalhoub, Silvia H. Lara and Maria H. Machado, who understood as an essential characteristic of the historiography of the 1980s the affirmation of the enslaved as historical agent. The second part, in turn, sought to analyze the set of works that were disregarded in the process of formulating the statements identified in the first part of the thesis. This source group, composed of articles, theses and dissertations, was given the name of eclipsed historiography which presented expressive numerical superiority when compared to non-eclipsed historiography. The second part of the thesis then devoted itself to understanding the main directives of eclipsed historiography... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

My dissertation argues that Spain was as important to the development of African American literary consciousness as more studied locales such as Paris, Harlem, or Chicago. I argue that a literary idea of Spain gave African American writers a conceptual space for thinking about race in the past and the future, and for considering the intersections between race and religion. Drawing on the work of Arthur Schomburg, Langston Hughes, Dorothy Peterson, and Richard Wright, I contend that mid-twentieth century African American writers adapted a broader trend of Anglophone historiography that viewed Spain as a quintessentially “medieval” country (feudal, agrarian, and Catholic), set in opposition to the essentially “modern” United States (democratic, industrial, and Protestant). This historiography appropriated Spanish history to position Spain as the physical site of the pre-modern history of the United States, creating what I call “geographic temporality,” where a physical space is associated with a specific time period.

This dissertation follows the historians of left politics in Bangladesh, a country that went through a century of independence and reversal under three signs–British India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. While the country kept reimagining itself under new identities, the idea of communism was underground and persecuted in all three periods, although the forms of struggle and the shape of ideas kept changing. This research is an ethnography of forms of writing history, the purchase of the celebration or censure of the work, and new socialities and rearranged hierarchies that emerge from this process. For a small but significant group of journalists, publishers, activists, and survivors, the project of arguing, understanding, documenting, writing down, and reenacting particular moments of Bangladesh history is a vital and presentist task.

Cette recherche a eu comme objectif de comprendre le concept de «sensible» dans la sémiotique greimasienne et post-greimasienne, sous la perspective de l'historiographie linguistique, en contextualisant son apparition et sa permanence dans les études sémiotiques contemporaines. Dans ce travail, le «sensible» est défini comme un hyperonyme et les autres concepts circonscrits dans son champ sont considérés comme ses domaines : de la corporéité, de la passionnalité et de la sensibilité. Pour chaque domaine, nous avons souligné les termes qui concernent le sensible : corps, affection, passion, émotion, contagion, sensation, perception, esthétique et estésique. On a récupéré le contexte théorique de ces concepts par les principes historiographiques de la contextualisation, l’immanence, l'adéquation et de l'influence, de K. Koerner (1996, 2014), les paramètres de couverture, la perspective et la profondeur et les types de composants heuristiques, herméneutique et de reconstruction systématique de P. Swiggers (2009, 2015) et l’horizon de rétrospection de S. Auroux (2008), en traçant son chemin depuis ses origines en Sémantique Structurale (1966), de A. J. Greimas, et par l'émergence et son impact dans les travaux de J. Fontanille, E. Landowski et C. Zilberberg, qui correspondent à la période que nous avons appelé ici post-greimassienne. Ensuite, on a défini dans quelle mesure le «sensible» a apparu dans la rhétorique et / ou l'immanence des œuvres de sémioticiens choisis. Après avoir établi les déploiements épistémologiques du «sensible», finalement, nous avons défini le lieu historique et épistémologique d'une sémiotique, considérée aujourd’hui sensible ou plus sensible, en explicitant sa pertinence dans les études du langage. / This research aimed to understandthe concept of “sensitive”in greimasian and post-greimasian semiotics, due to the bias of linguistic historiography, contextualizing its emergence and permanence in contemporary semiotic studies. In this work, the “sensitive”is defined as a hyperonym and the other concepts circumscribed in its field are seenas its domains: of corporality, of passion and of sensibility. In each domain, we highlight terms related to the sensitive: body, affection, passion, emotion, contagion, sensation, perception, esthetics and aesthetics. We retrieve the theoretical thickness of these concepts through the bias of the historiographic principles of contextualization, immanence, adequacy and influence, by K. Koerner (1996, 2014a), the coverage parameters, perspective and depth, heuristic, hermeneutic and reconstruction-systematic component typesP. Swiggers (2009, 2015), SO Murray specialties groups(1994, 1998) and retrospection horizonsS. Auroux (2008), tracing his course since his origins in Structural Semantics (1966) by A. J.Greimas, and passing through the emergency and its repercussion in the works of J. Fontanille, E. Landowski and C. Zilberberg, which correspond to the period we call post-Greimasian. Then we define to what extent the “sensitive”appeared in the rhetoric and / or immanence of the works of the chosen semioticists. After establishing the epistemological unfolding of the “sensitive”, finally, we were able to define the historical and epistemological place of a semiotics, considered today as sensitive or more sensitive, explaining its relevance in language studies

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In the period between 1500 to 1700 in Europe, comprehension of the eye’s anatomy, physiology, and pathology significantly expanded, and the relationship between the human eye and knowledge was also fundamentally reformulated. This dissertation tells the story of this transformation through the intersection between medicine and art, and via the eyes and hands of a group of medical and artisanal practitioners in the German speaking lands. From the sixteenth century onwards, an increasing number of people from diverse social classes and professions were engaged in investigating the structure, workings, and disorders of the eye, including surgeons, artisans, physicians, and natural philosophers. Manifold ways of knowing formed ophthalmic knowledge, from practical making and doing to theoretical construction. The understandings and findings were communicated through a wide range of media, not only in texts, but also frequently via images and objects, such as illustrated books, anatomical models, prostheses, and optical devices. They were widely circulated across Europe and collected by scholars, amateurs, and princely rulers alike. Surgeons and artisans were among the most notable yet understudied groups of investigators in this endeavor. They shared expertise in materials, proficiency in manual work, and modes of investigating nature through bodily engagement. With their close collaboration to create pictures and artifacts, they were instrumental in developing insights about the eye. Their image- and object-making put forward a persistent claim about the value of their embodied and experiential knowledge, through which these practitioners undermined the traditional hierarchy of professional structures and scholarly knowledge systems. Knowledge of the eye not only constituted a critical branch of artistic and medical investigation, but was also of wider cultural and epistemological significance. To understand the structure and function of the eye was to reflect on the very foundation of knowledge.

In the wake of the post-structuralist skepticism of language and language's ability to represent reality, the philosophy of history has likewise been questioned, since we gain our knowledge and understanding of the past primarily through language—through written and spoken testimony, and through subsequent historiography. Various post-structuralist critics have pointed out that history is never entirely recoverable, but accessible only indirectly through what is written and documented about it. What is written and documented is in turn determined by the contents and the nature of the archive. What we know about history is largely mediated and limited by the problems inherent in the archive. In my thesis, I point out and examine three separate problems that collectively comprise the overall problem of the archive: the problem of linguistic representation, the problem of memory, and the problem of narrative. I examine these problems as they relate to literature. Much postmodern literature dealing with history is self-consciously aware of itself and history as human constructs, and it uses this ironical self-awareness as a means of exploring the nature of historiography. In my thesis, I examine two works in particular: Slaughterhouse-Five by Kurt Vonnegut and Libra by Don DeLillo. I use my examination of these two novels as a means of analyzing the relationship between fiction and the epistemology of history. In my analysis, I point out the tendency of much postmodern fiction to paradoxically question supposedly veridical accounts of history while simultaneously asserting the truthfulness of certain aspects of their own historical accounts. Ultimately, I examine the role of fiction in creating our collective memory of the past.

Writing the history of women in antiquity is hindered by the lack of written sources by them. It has been the norm to assume that the only sources that can tell us something about them are the sources written by men. This thesis challenges this convention as it concerns the social history of Rome through the exploration of a written source by a woman named Vibia Perpetua. She was a Roman woman of twenty-two years from Roman Carthage, who was martyred on March 7, 203 C.E. The reason that we know of this Roman woman and what happened to her is because of the diary she wrote. The diary survived because it was preserved in the martyrology Passio Sanctarum Martyrum Perpetuae et Felicitatis. The Passio which was edited by an unknown redactor, documents the martyrdom of several people. Unlike any other martyrologies the editor of the story included the actual diary as it was written by Vibia Perpetua. Although we have a Roman woman's writing from the second/early third century C.E, her diary reached us through a filter that has influenced up to this day the way that the text is interpreted and preserved. The intention of this thesis is threefold; to analyze the diary of Vibia Perpetua with a new focus on the discourse of Roman women by first exploring the history of the Passio Sanctarum Martyrum Perpetua et Felicitatis. Then, a method is formulated that makes use of contemporary studies on women's diaries and self-representation in texts in order to incorporate Perpetua's writing within the social history of Rome and the history of women more broadly. The study concludes by demonstrating how this diary can help to open a new dialog about the life of both women and men in antiquity and further question the history we have inherited from them.

This thesis is a historiographical study of Thomas Jefferson.

Between 1900 and 1925 a score of young Southern historians graduated from Columbia University and quickly became the leading authorities on the subject of the Civil War and Reconstruction. Students of the eminent historian William A. Dunning, they included such influential authors as U. B. Phillips, Walter Lynwood Fleming, Charles W. Ramsdell, James W. Garner, and Joseph G. deRoulhac Hamilton. Producing over one-hundred works on the post-Civil War era, these Dunning students depicted Reconstruction as a time of horror for the South. A vindictive group of Northern Republicans, they argued, forced through Congress a series of Reconstruction acts designed to allow the inferior black man, only a few years out of "barbarism," the right to vote and to hold political office. Horrified by the presence of freedmen in politics, Dunning and his students insisted that the newly enfranchised Negroes, along with Northern carpetbaggers and Southern scalawags, began a decade of misrule through the former Confederate states by imposing exorbitant taxes on the landowning class and by squandering state treasures for selfish and criminal purposes. White Southerners became prosperous again, they concluded, only after political power returned securely to white hands. While the antipathy that these authors felt for American Negroes appeared frequently in their works, the major flaw in the writings of Dunning and his students lay not with their racial bias, but with their use of disreputable scholarship to justify that bias. Using history as a discipline to defend the status quo in 1900, members of the Dunning school distorted and fabricated factual information in order to exonerate the existence of segregation and disfranchisement during their lifetime. The historical scholarship of these authors, therefore, illustrates the enormous power historians exercise when justifying the contemporary beliefs of their era, but more importantly, it serves as a classic example of the problems inherent in presentist historical writing.