Today around 40 million people live with human immunodeficiency virus(hiv) globally and around 8500 people in Sweden. When diagnosed withhiv, many emotions can arise which often are associated with suffering,isolation, discrimination and stigmatization. In making a difficult decisionby sharing the diagnosis, one’s life situation can change. A scientificliterature study of ten original articles was carried out with the aim ofelucidating experience of stigma among men with hiv and therebyincreasing knowledge in healthcare and society. Through the literaturesearch, five categories were identified: impact on emotions, impact on socialcommunity, impact on sexual relations, stigma in health care and theimportance of support from close relationships. The result showed thatmany men experience stigma from the environment that affects theiremotions and relationships. Men with hiv experienced stigma from theirrelatives and from the health care, which affected different aspects of theirquality of life. Increased knowledge and understanding of hiv can help menfeel less isolated in health care and society which leads to reduceddiscrimination. Continued research about men's experience with hiv isneeded to be able to reduce shame, stigmatization and prejudice. Men’sexperiences will benefit through acceptance of the diagnosis. / Idag lever runt 40 miljoner människor med humant immunbristvirus (hiv)världen över och 8500 i Sverige. När någon diagnostiseras med hiv kan detuppstå många känslor som ofta associeras med lidande, isolering,diskriminering och stigmatisering. Genom att ta svåra beslut och dela medsig av diagnosen kan livssituationen förändras. En vetenskapliglitteraturstudie på tio orginalartiklar genomfördes med syftet att belysaupplevelser av stigmatisering hos män med hiv och därmed öka kunskapeninom vården samt i samhället. Genom litteratursökningen identifierades femkategorier: påverkan på känslor, påverkan på social gemenskap, påverkan påsexuella relationer, stigmatisering inom hälso-och sjukvården samt vikten avstöd från närstående. Resultatet visade att många män uppleverstigmatisering från omgivningen som påverkar känslor och relationer. Mänmed hiv upplevde stigmatisering från närstående och från vården vilketpåverkade olika aspekter av livskvaliteten. Genom att öka kunskapen ochförståelsen kring hiv kan männen känna mindre utanförskap i vården och isamhället, vilket kan göra att diskrimineringen minskas. Fortsatt forskningom mäns upplevelser av hiv behövs för att kunna minska skam ochstigmatisering. Fördomar behöver minskas och acceptans kring diagnosenkommer att gynna många mäns upplevelser i vården och i samhället.

A crisis is unfolding because of the deaths among people in the labour force. It is expected that business, government and labour address the problem of HIV and AIDS. An intervention such as, introduction of policies and strategies would help in the awareness of the epidemic to the society as a whole. This study looks at the effect of HIV on gender inequality and its implications in the labour sector. There are large social and economic gaps between women and men in Malawi, and these inequalities have played a central role in the spread of HIV; hence it is imperative to consider women when developing HIV workplace policies, because they seem to be hit harder with the epidemic than men. Empowering women to refrain from risky relationships and protecting themselves and asserting their rights would decrease the high HIV prevalence percentage for women. The study use annual Labour participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+) and annual labour participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) data obtained from (www.tradingeconomics.com) and annual Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49) obtained from World Bank over the period of 1980 to 2009. Prior to doing the regression analysis, the time series data is tested for stationarity using correlograms and the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test on each data set. The results suggest that there is a negative relationship between HIV/AIDS and labour on both genders for this period and that there is a gap on the effect of AIDS on women and men in the labour sector. The time series data is found to be 1(2), intergrated of order 2. The HIV data is regressed onto the labour data, using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). Following the regression line is the Engel-Granger method which is used to test for cointegration. Other tests include diagnostic tests and stability tests / Thesis (M.Sc.(Computer Science) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2011

published_or_final_version / abstract / Surgery / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

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