Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / South Africa has one of the highest HIV and AIDS prevalence rates and the pandemic shows no signs of abating. Challenges facing South Africa in combating this pandemic include the social responses of fear, denial, stigma and discrimination. Stigma related to HIV and AIDS poses a major barrier to treating and managing HIV and AIDS. Stigma is defined as involving an attribute which significantly discredits an individual in the eyes of others or society. This attribute is therefore seen by others as being negative, something which devalues, spoils or flaws an individual. Perceived or felt stigma is described as being the anticipation of rejection and the shame of having the stigma, whereas enacted stigma refers to actual incidents of discrimination. The aim of this study was to determine, from the experiences of people living with HIV and AIDS, whether stigma manifests within the South African primary health care system. / South Africa

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:30:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 tasca_ki_me_botfm.pdf: 1366114 bytes, checksum: a6a5d90366e1c3b04e75d3635d087c88 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O Brasil é um dos países mais afetados pelo HIV, com notificação de 608.230 casos acumulados de 1980 até junho de 2011, com a maior concentração na região Sudeste. Sabe-se que, entre muitos outros fatores a progressão para aids sofre influência de variáveis metabólicas, virológicas e imunológicas. Além disso, persistente ativação imune e contínuo estímulo inflamatório, mesmo durante a terapia antirretroviral (TARV) ou ausência de sintomatologia, podem levar ao desequilíbrio de várias citocinas e influenciar, potencialmente, a progressão da própria doença ou outras comorbidades, que são determinantes para aumentar a morbidade e mortalidade, associadas ou não à aids. Foram estudados 80 voluntários atendidos no Serviço de Ambulatórios Especializados e Hospital Dia “Domingos Alves Meira”, FMB/UNESP e no Hemocentro de Botucatu, divididos em quatro grupos: 20 pacientes com infecção pelo HIV, virgens de tratamento (G1); 20 pacientes em uso de TARV com carga viral (CV) detectável (G2); 24 pacientes em uso de TARV com CV indetectável (G3); 16 indivíduos saudáveis, grupo controle (GC). O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar parâmetros imunovirológicos (contagem de linfócitos T CD4+, T CD8+ e dosagem da CV plasmática do HIV) de pacientes infectados pelo HIV, correlacionando citocinas séricas inflamatórias (IL-6, IL-17, TNF- e IFN-) e antinflamatória (IL-10) pelo método de ELISA, tempo de infecção, uso de TARV e outros exames laboratoriais (hemograma, perfil lipídico, glicemia, enzimas hepáticas, DHL, creatinina e PCR). As comparações das variáveis numéricas em relação aos grupos foram feitas utilizando o teste de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, seguido de teste de Dunn e análise da variância ANOVA, seguido de Tukey... / Brazil is one of the most affected countries by HIV, reporting 608,230 cases that have accumulated from 1980 to June 2011 with the largest concentration in the south-east. It is known that, among many other factors, progression to AIDS is influenced by metabolic, virological and immunological variables. Moreover, persistent immune activation and continuous inflammatory stimulus, even during antiretroviral therapy (ART), or the absence of symptomatology may lead to the instability of various cytokines and potentially influence the progression of the disease itself or other comorbidities that are determinant to increase morbidity and mortality in association with AIDS or not. Eighty volunteers were assisted and studied in the Specialized Outpatient Service and Day Hospital “Domingos Alves Meira” at the Botucatu School of Medicine (FMB) - UNESP and at the Hemocenter of Botucatu. They were divided into four groups: 20 HIV-infected patients who had never been treated (G1); 20 patients using ART with a detectable viral load (VL) (G2); 24 patients using ART with undetectable VL (G3); 16 healthy individuals, control group (CG). The study aimed at evaluating immunovirological parameters (T CD4+, T CD8+ lymphocyte count and HIV plasma VL quantification) of HIV-infected patients and correlate them with inflammatory (IL-6, IL-17, TNF- and IFN-) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) serum cytokines by the ELISA method, time of infection, ART use and other laboratory tests (hemogram, lipid profile, glycemia, liver enzymes, LDH, creatinine and CRP). Comparison of numeric variables in relation to the groups were performed by using the Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test, analysis of variance ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Associations were made between variables and the study groups by analyzing contingency tables with the application of the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Efavirenz, a drug that is still inaccessible to millions of people worldwide, is potent non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), is one of the preferred agents used in combination therapy for first-line treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). NNRTIs attach to and block an HIV enzyme called reverse transcriptase, by blocking reverse transcriptase; NNRTIs prevent HIV from multiplying and can reduce the amount of HIV in the body. Efavirenz can't cure HIV/AIDS, but taken in combination with other HIV medicines (called an HIV regimen) every day helps people with HIV live longer healthier lives. Efavirenz also reduces the risk of HIV transmission and can be used by children who are suffering from HIV/AIDS. All the above therapeutic uses of efavirenz prompted us to identify the novel and hopefully cost efficient synthetic methodology for the preparation of efavirenz. In this thesis a new synthetic method for asymmetric synthesis of efavirenz is described. This route started from commercially available starting materials and it is first established in traditional batch chemistry and further the parameters transferred to a semi continuous flow protocol for optimization.

Magister Commercii - MCom / This study proposed a modification of the traditional cost-of-illness approach. It considered additional indirect cost parameters that yield a comprehensive cost structure for human capital at a micro level. Although HIV/AIDS is an epidemiological problem, it has enormous direct and indirect economic costs. Arguably, the most important cost associated with HIV/AIDS results from the high rates of morbidity and mortality among working age adults, the vast majority of those infected. These are essentially losses in an economy's existing stock and potential accumulation of human capital, implying lower levels of labor productivity and eventually loss of labor. These impacts are accounted for in existing macroeconomic and microeconomic impact studies. Indirect costs, such as forgone earnings due to illness, are included whereas forgone earnings of caregivers in the household are unaccounted for. / South Africa

Magister Scientiae - MSc / Nevirapine (NVP) is a cheap anti-retroviral drug used in poor countries worldwide, administered to pregnant women at the onset of labour to inhibit HIV enzyme reverse transcriptase. Viruses which may get transmitted to newborns are deficient in this enzyme, and HIV-1 infection cannot be established, thereby preventing mother to child transmission (MTCT). In some cases, babies get infected and positive selection for viruses resistant to nevirapine may be inferred. Positive selection can be inferred from sequence data, when the rate of nonsynonymous substitutions is significantly greater than the rate of synonymous substitutions. Unfortunately, it is found that available positive selection methods should not be used to analyse before- and after- NVP treatment sequence pairs associated with MTCT. Methods which use phylogenetic trees to infer positive selection trace synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions further back in time than the short time duration during which selection for NVP occurred. The other group of methods for inferring positive selection, the pairwise methods, do not have appreciable power, because they average susbtituion rates over all codons in a sequence pair and not just at single codons. We introduce a simple counting method which we call the Pairwise Homologous Codons (PHoCs) method with which we have inferred positive selection resulting from NVP treatment in longitudinal HIV-1 reverse transcriptase sequences. The PHoCs method estimates rates of substitutions between before- and after- NVP treatment codons, using a simple pairwise method. / South Africa

Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / Physiotherapists are increasingly treating peole living with HIV/AIDS. However, there is little information which has been reported on their attitudes in providing treatment to people with HIV/AIDS or what facilitates positive attitudes. The aim of this study was to determine attitudes of physiotherapists towards treating people living with HIV/AIDS in Botswana. / South Africa

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document. / Dissertation (MMed)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH) / Unrestricted

No description available.

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / The aim of this study was to establish a new understanding of the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS at the municipal level, but at the same time upholding the anonymity of the HIV infected and AIDS sufferers. Innovative research techniques such as the use of GIS (geographic information systems) as a research tool contributed to disclosing the patterns of the HIV pandemic in the Nelson Mandela Metropole that were not obvious or visible before. GIS involved geographic maps that detect the spatial relationship between HIV prevalence rates and vectors that drive the pandemic. / South Africa

Theses (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2017 / INTRODUCTION: Since the introduction of Anti-retroviral therapy, People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) now live longer and present with various opportunistic neuro-musculoskeletal and cardio-pulmonary conditions among other complications. This has led to a surge in the number of patients that visit the physiotherapy department presenting with many complications which include mobility problems, neurological deficits, muscle weakness and developmental delay in children among others as experienced by the researcher in the work place. AIM: To determine the knowledge of physiotherapists with regard to HIV/AIDS and their attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients in the Kingdom of Swaziland. METHOD: In this study a quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional survey was used to determine the knowledge and attitudes of Physiotherapists in the management of HIV/AIDS in the Kingdom of Swaziland. RESULTS: The results of the study revealed that physiotherapists in the Kingdom of Swaziland have a good knowledge and a positive attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS. Amongst other attributes that were looked at in the study it was reported that 100% of the participants were knowledgeable on the complications associated with HIV/AIDS and 94% of the physiotherapists reported that they are familiar with complications that will benefit from physiotherapy. On the attributes related to attitude of physiotherapist towards HIV/AIDS patients the study found that 100% of the physiotherapists reported that they would take precautions and continue seeing the patients. There was no statistical significant relationship between years of experience and attitude (Pearson chi-square =0.25, p-value =0.61), familiarity with commonly used ARVS (Pearson chi square =1.13, p-value =0.76) and familiarity with Universal Precautions (Pearson chi-square =2.55, p-value =0.46).There was no statistically significant relationship between knowledge and attitude (Pearson chi square =1.000, p-value =0.61). CONCLUSION: The study revealed that the physiotherapists have good knowledge on HIV/AIDS and they also have positive attitude towards managing People Living with HIV/AIDS at their respective departments. There is need for the physiotherapy training schools to include HIV/AIDS in their curricula since some of the schools of physiotherapy where the participants trained did not include it during their time of training and the practising physiotherapists need continuing health education on HIV/AIDS. There is a need for the work setting libraries where physiotherapists work to have current books and journals for the physiotherapists to update themselves on issues pertaining to HIV/AIDS and internet access in the departments. The physiotherapists are also encouraged to take the initiative to utilise the libraries in their work settings and get information on HIV/AIDS. Keywords: Knowledge; attitudes; Physiotherapists; HIV/AIDS; Patients