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Predictors of mortality among human immunodeficiency virus infected patients' records in Gondar University Hospital -- EthiopiaDeme Ergete Gurmu 03 April 2014 (has links)
Purpose of the study - Identify predictors of mortality and develop a related care plan
for patients who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Gondar, Ethiopia.
Design - A quantitative, retrospective cohort study was conducted analysing medical
records of HIV patients who presented to Gondar University Hospital (GUH), Gondar,
and started ART between 1 January 2007 and 30 June 2010.
Results - In defining the predictors of mortality, the findings in bivariate analysis revealed:
female sex, CD4 cell count ≤ 50/μl, CD4 cell count 51-199/μl, a haemoglobin
concentration ≤8g/dl, a history of oral candidiasis, tuberculosis and Cryptococcus meningitis
were all statistically significant. A female sex, CD4 cell count ≤ 50/μl and CD4 cell
count 51-199/μl maintain their significance level in the multivariate analysis.
Conclusions - The study therefore recommends that clinicians and case managers be
vigilant of these predictors of mortality while managing HIV patients who are on ART / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)
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The evaluation of an HIV/AIDS strategy with specific application to Cape Town Iron and Steel Works (CISCO)Olivier, Johan 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2006. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In South Africa more people are living with AIDS than in any other country in the
world. It is now evident that HIV/AIDS has developed into a pandemic that not only
affects the health of individuals, but does expand to households, communities and
the nation. The stigma of HIV/AIDS is most likely the single most important reason
why people, organisations and the government tend to shy away from the problem.
The prime aim of business is to make money, but the fact that AIDS affects people at
the peak of their productive years when they would normally not require medical
attention, will impact negatively on the organisation's bottom line results. Apart from
government, business is the only group that has the capacity and resources to
successfully implement strategies in the fight against HIV and AIDS.
This study provides a theoretical introduction to HIV and AIDS but also indicates that
small to medium size organisations are slow to react to the threat that HIV and AIDS
will have to their business and also the country. The study shows that large
organisations have definitely been successful in their fight against the disease.
The study concludes that knowing the prevalence rate of HIV in a organisation and
adapting the strategy accordingly is essential for long term sustainability of the
organisation.
CISCO was selected as the case study to substantiate the above-mentioned opinions
and conclusions. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In Suid Afrika woon daar meer mense met VIGS as enige in enige ander land in die
wereld. Dit is tans duidelik dat MIV/VIGS ontwikkel het in 'n pandemie wat nie net die
gesondheid van individue raak nie, maar wat ook uitkring na huishoudings,
gemeenskappe en die nasie. Die stigma van MIV/VIGS is heel waarskynlik die
grootste enkele rede waarom organisasies en die regering wegskram van die
probleem.
Die hoofdoel van 'n besigheid is om wins te maak, maar die feit dat VIGS mense
tydens die toppunt van hulle produktiewe jare affekteer wanneer hulle normaalweg
geen mediese versorging sou benodig nie, gaan 'n negatiewe effek op organisasies
se winsgewendheid hê. Behalwe vir die regering is privaat besighede die enigste
groep wat beskik oor die kapasiteit en hulpbronne om strategiee te implimenteer wat
suksesvol sal wees in die stryd teen MIV en VIGS.
Hierdie studie gee 'n teoretiese inleiding oor MIV en VIGS. Dit dui ook daarop dat
klein tot medium grootte organisasies stadig reageer op die bedreiging wat MIV en
VIGS vir hul besigheid en die land kan inhou. Die studie toon dat groter organisasies
meer sukses behaal in hulle stryd teen die siekte.
Die studie bevind dat dit vir die volhoubaarheid van 'n organisasie belangrik is om te
weet wat die voorkoms syfers van MIV in die organisasie is en die strategie ten
opsigte van MIV en VIGS dienooreenkomstig aan te pas.
CISCO is as 'n gevallestudie gebruik om bogenoemde waarnemings en
aanbevelings te staaf.
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Psychosocial care of people living with HIV : the case of Tzaneen, South AfricaMashele, Steven Charles 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MCur)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The overall objective of this study was to ascertain whether lay counsellors offer
psychosocial counselling to clients at antiretroviral therapy clinics. The study was
conducted at two clinics in the Greater Tzaneen municipality, Limpopo province, South
Africa. The sample of 14 consisted of seven female lay counsellors and seven HIV
positive clients, three females and four males, at Xihlovo and Nyeleti antiretroviral
clinics. They were interviewed using 11-item and 12-item interview guides, respectively.
Interviews were conducted in the local languages. Qualitative data were collected for
the study. The data were audiotaped, translated, transcribed and then categorised into
a thematic framework. HIV positive participants were found to be suffering from
psychosocial consequences of living with HIV, such as shock, denial, anger and blame,
fear of death, fear of disclosure, and intimate-partner violence. However, lay counsellors
did not offer effective counselling that could relieve the psychosocial consequences.
They instead used religion to console clients, discouraged clients from expressing their
feelings, and minimised their clients’ concerns. It is recommended that lay counsellors
be taught basic counselling theories as part of their training so that they are better able
to screen their clients for psychosocial problems and provide basic counselling. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die algehele doelwit van dié studie is om te bepaal of leke-beraders psigo-sosiale
berading aan kliënte by die die anti-retrovale terapie klinieke bied. Kwalitatiewe data is
vir dié studie versamel. Die studie is by twee klinieke in die groter Tzaneenmunisipaliteit
in Limpopo provinsie in Suid‐Afrika gedoen. Die eksperimentele groep van
14 het bestaan uit sewe vroulike leke-beraders en sewe MIV-positiewe kliënte: drie
vrouens en vier mans, by Xihlovo en Nyeleti anti-retrovale klinieke. Daar was
onderskeidelike onderhoude met hulle gevoer en die 11-item en 12-item onderhoudriglyne
is toegepas. Onderhoude is in inheemse tale gevoer.
Die data was opgeneem, vertaal, getranskribeer en in 'n tematiese raamwerk
vasgevang. Daar is gevind dat die MIV-positiewe persone negatiewe psigo-sosiale
gevolge ervaar: skok, ontkenning, woede, blaam, vrees vir die dood, vrees dat hul
status openbaar sal word, asook geweld binne hul verhoudings. Leke-beraders het
egter nie doeltreffende berading gegee om bogenoemde psigo-sosiale gevolge te verlig
nie. Hulle het eerder godsdiens gebruik in 'n poging om hul kliënte te vertroos, nie die
kliënte aangemoedig om hul gevoelens uit te druk nie en hul gevoelens en kommer
afgemaak. Daar word aanbeveel dat leke-beraders basiese beradingsteorie as deel van
hul opleiding ontvang sodat hulle psigo-sosiale probleme in hul kliente kan uitken en
beter basiese berading kan verskaf.
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What I did is just to talk; nothing else' : the experiences of HIV/AIDS counsellors attached to lifeline, Khayelitsha, Cape TownRohleder, Poul Andrew 02 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Counselling has been recognised as an important component ofHIV and AIDS care, and an
essential part ofHIV testing. Counsellors are involved in a dynamic interrelationship with
their clients as well as with the organisations in which they work. From a psychoanalytic
framework, unconscious anxieties can playa role in the work of the counsellor. Transference
and countertransference are processes, which are involved in the counselling situation. While
these processes can be a source for understanding the client, they may also become
problematic for the counsellor when they overwhelm the counsellor. This study explores the
experiences of HIVIAIDS counsellors attached to Lifeline, Khayelitsha in Cape Town.
Twenty-nine counsellors were interviewed using individual interviews and focus group
discussions. Results explore the counselling training and activity; the difficulties of
counselling; what helps the counsellor to cope; and the general impact that counselling has
had on the counsellors' lives. The findings reveal the difficult and often distressing aspect of
counselling persons with HIVand AIDS. A number of issues facing the client, as well as
cultural and workplace issues may cause difficulties for the counsellor. In addition, the nature
of the disease, and the issues it creates for the patient, can arouse a number of anxieties in the
counsellor related to their own past. The results reveal some possible limitations to an
individual client-centred approach. The study concludes that psychodynamic issues should
form part of the counsellor's training, and be explored during regular counsellor supervision. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Berading is erken as 'n belangrike komponent in HIV en VIGS sorg, en 'n essensiele deel van
HIV toetsing. Beraders is betrokke in 'n dinamiese verhouding met hul kliënte so wel as die
organisasies vir wie hulle werk. Vanaf 'n psigoanalitiese raamwerk kan angs in die
onderbewussyn, 'n rol speel in die werk van beraders. Oordrag en teenoordrag is prosesse wat
betrokke is by die beradingsituasie. Alhoewel die proses 'n bron is wat tot beter
verstandhouding met die kliënt kan lei, mag dit ook die berader oorweldig. Hierdie studie
verken die ervaringe van beraders verbonde aan LifeLine, Khayelitsha in Kaapstad. Nege-entwintig
beraders is individueelonderhoude mee gevoer en het aan fokus groepe deelgeneem.
Resultate ondersoek die berading opleiding en aktiwiteite; die problematiese aspek van
berading; wat die berader help om klaar te kom; en die algemene impak wat berading het op
die lewe van 'n berader. Die resultate onthul die moeilike en dikwelse stresvolle aspek van
berading met HIV en VIGS pasiënte. 'n Aantal aspekte wat die pasiënte mee toe doen kry so
wel as kulturele en werksplek faktore kan sake vir die berader beïnvloed. Verder kan die aard
van die siekte en die probleme wat die siekte vir die pasiënt veroorsaak lei tot angs vir die
berader ten opsigte van sy ofhaar eie verlede. Die resultate onthul verskeie tekortkominge tot
'n individueeie kliëntgesentreerde berading. Die studie beslus dat psigodinamiese probleme
dalk deel moet vorm in die berader se opleiding, asook verder ondersoek moet word in
gewone berader toesighouding.
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A study of the differences in the relationship between HIV/AIDS prevalence and related costs in the mining and financial sectors in South AfricaSmit, Stefan 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: By understanding the costs of HIV/AIDS, businesses can understand the incentives for preventing and treating the disease better. This report primarily investigates whether there is a difference in the relationship between HIV/AIDS prevalence rates and related costs in different sectors in South Africa. With an HIV prevalence ratio of approximately 10:1 for the mining and financial sectors, it is difficult to motivate that more research should be done on the impact of HIV/AIDS on the financial sector. However, if the study indicates a higher cost ratio between the two sectors it could increase the priority of the epidemic in the financial sector, giving rise to a bigger incentive to fight the epidemic.
The estimated HIV/AIDS-related cost of an infected manager is R120 000 compared to the cost of R4 600 for an infected unskilled employee. From this analysis it is estimated that the HIV prevalence ratio between highly skilled and semi- and unskilled labour is 1:2.5, while the HIV cost ratio between the different skill levels is 1:0.2. This clearly indicates that there could be a significant difference between the HIV prevalence ratio and the HIV cost ratio for different levels of skills.
From the Absa and AngloGold average salary information reviewed, the assumption was made that the Absa employees are more skilled than the AngloGold employees. With the knowledge of this difference in skill levels between the two companies in the different sectors, and the information above regarding the difference in HIV/AIDS-related costs for different skill levels, it is possible that the HIV/AIDS-related costs in the financial sector could be in line with the costs in the mining sector.
Using HIV prevalence as an indication of the impact of the disease on the financial sector, a high-level cost estimate could be R150.9 million, compared to R3 985 million if the difference in the relationship between HIV/AIDS prevalence and related costs are taken into account. These materially different estimates could cause companies in the financial sector to make incorrect decisions regarding HIV/AIDS budgets for HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment, as incorrect indicators of the impact of the epidemic on the profit of the organisation are used. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Deur die koste van MIV/vigs te verstaan, kan besighede die dryfvere vir die voorkoming en behandeling van MIV/vigs beter verstaan. Die verslag ondersoek hoofsaaklik of daar ’n verskil is in die verhouding tussen die voorkomsyfer en verwante koste van MIV/vigs in verskillende sektore in Suid Afrika. Met die MIV-voorkomsverhouding van ongeveer 10:1 vir die mynwese en finansiële sektore, is dit moeilik om verdere navorsing oor die impak van MIV op die finansiële sektor te regverdig. Indien hierdie studie egter ’n hoër kosteverhouding tussen die twee sektore aantoon, kan dit die prioriteit van die epidemie in die finansiële sektor verhoog, wat sal lei tot dryfvere om die epidemie te beveg.
Die beraamde MIV/vigs-verwante koste van ’n besmette bestuurder is R120 000, vergelykend met die koste van R4 600 vir ’n besmette ongeskoolde werknemer. Uit ontledings kan beraam word dat die MIV-voorkomsyfer tussen hoogs geskoolde en half- en ongeskoolde werknemers 1:2.5 is, terwyl die MIV-kosteverhouding tussen die verskillende vlakke 1:0.2 is. Die inligting toon dat daar beduidende verskille tussen die MIV-voorkomsverhouding en die MIV-kosteverhouding vir verskillende vlakke van geskooldheid kan wees.
Volgens Absa en AngloGold se inligting oor gemiddelde salarisse is die aanname gemaak dat Absa-werknemers meer geskoold is as AngloGold-werknemers. Met die kennis van hierdie verskil in vaardigheidsvlakke tussen die twee maatskappye in die onderskeie sektore en die inligting hierbo rakende die verskil tussen MIV/vigs-koste vir verskillende vaardigheidsvlakke, is dit moontlik dat die MIV/vigs-verwante koste in die finansiële sektor in ooreenstemming met dié in die mynwesesektor kan wees.
As MIV-voorkoms as ’n aanwyser van die impak van die koste op die finansiële sektor gebruik word, kan ’n hoëvlak-kosteberaming R150.9 miljoen wees, vergelykend met
R3 985 miljoen, as die verskil in die verhouding tussen MIV/vigs-voorkoms en verwante koste in berekening gebring word. Die wesenlik verskillende beramings veroorsaak dat maatskappye in die finansiële sektor foutiewe besluite rakende MIV/vigs-begrotings vir MIV/vigs-voorkoming en -behandeling maak, aangesien foutiewe aanwysers van die impak van die epidemie op die wins van die organisasie gebruik word.
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HIV and AIDS in the business sector with reference to EskomHughes, Marion 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: National and international studies on the impact of the HIVand AIDS epidemie,
create a picture of serious negative effects on the South African economy, together
with immense suffering and despair for her people. The untimely death of millions of
people due to a disease is totally unnatural and basically unimaginable and it is
therefore not surprising that people, organisations and government tend to shy away
from the problems.
Businesses drive growth and development, mobilise investment, nurture innovation,
provide employment, develop skills, pay taxes and provide returns to investors.
Outside the political arena businesses is the only group that do have the capacity
and resources to make a major and effective contribution to the fight against the HIV
and AIDS epidemic.
This study provides a theoretical introduction to HIV and AIDS but more importantly it
indicates that the business world has woken up to the threat of the HIV and AIDS
epidemic and are reacting to it.
The study concludes that the battle is not won as yet. There is room for improvement
and major enhancements are required to current strategies and programmes to make
it more effective.
Eskom was selected as the case study to substantiate the abovementioned opinions
and conclusions. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nasionale en internasionale studies oor die impak van die MIV en VIGS-epidemie dui
op die ernstige negatiewe gevolge vir die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomie. Dit veroorsaak
ook geweldige lyding en wanhoop onder mense.
Die ontydige dood van miljoene mense weens 'n siekte is heeltemal onnatuurlik en
ondenkbaar. Dit is daarom geen wonder nie dat mense, organisasies en die regering
daarvan wegskram.
Sakeondernemings dryf groei en ontwikkeling, mobiliseer beleggingsmoontlikhede,
moedig vernuwing aan, skep werkgeleenthede, ontwikkel vaardighede, betaal
belasting en verskaf 'n opbrengs aan beleggers. Buite die politieke arena is
sakeondernemings die enigste groep wat die kapasiteit en hulpbronne het om op
grootskaal 'n doeltreffende bydrae te lewer tot die bekamping van die MIV en VIGS epidemie.
Die studie is 'n teoretiese inleiding tot MIV en VIGS. Die belangrikste aspek wat na
vore kom, is dat sakeondernemings wakker geskrik het oor die bedreiging van MIV
en VIGS en dat hulle daarop reageer.
Die studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat die geveg nog nie gewen is nie. Daar is
baie ruimte vir verbetering en grootskaalse veranderinge is nodig om die huidige
strategieë en programme meer doeltreffend te maak.
Eskom is as gevallestudie gebruik om bogenoemde menings en gevolgtrekkings te
ondersteun.
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Experiences of first-year student nurses nursing HIV and AIDS patients in the Umgungundlovu DistrictReddy, Noelene Belinda January 2015 (has links)
Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Technology in Nursing, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2015. / Abstract
The HIV pandemic continues to intensify in most countries, especially in Sub Saharan Africa, with 1.8 million new people becoming infected with the disease in 2011. Sub- Saharan Africa is the world's worst HIV and AIDS affected region. The intensity of the AIDS pandemic in South Africa creates additional challenges for health workers. Apart from the fact that they could be infected, they have to deal with an increasing number of people who suffer from a fatal disease for which no cure has been found. Nurses are expected to give all the necessary care to these patients. The HIV and AIDS epidemic in South Africa poses challenges for an overburdened health care system. There is limited knowledge about health care perceptions and emotional experiences of providing HIV and AIDS related care and support. It is against this backdrop that the researcher has chosen to explore the experiences of first-year student nurses, caring for HIV and AIDS patients.
Aim of the study
The purpose of the study was to explore the lived experiences of first-year student nurses, nursing HIV and AIDS patients.
Methodology
A descriptive phenomenological research design was used to explore the experiences of first-year student nurses, caring for HIV and AIDS patients. The research setting was two colleges of nursing in the uMgungundlovu District that offer the four-year nursing diploma programme. The type of purposeful sampling that was used was criterion sampling, which entailed studying cases which met pre-set criteria. In-depth interviews with the first-year student nurses, who had experienced nursing HIV and AIDS patients, were conducted. The data was analysed manually and put into categories and sub-categories as they emerged.
Results
The findings revealed that the participants had positive and negative experiences when they provided nursing care to HIV positive patients. The positive experiences were that the participants did not fear meeting HIV positive patients and they were not traumatized. These participants nursed HIV positive patients like any other patient. The participants expressed their feelings as sad and bad. Participants who had negative experiences were shocked, scared and cried when they met HIV positive patients. Six participants reported that they did not know of any facilities available for debriefing and sharing of experiences. The remaining participants identified the group lecturer, group mates, the psychologist and registered nurse in the ward. There was a lesson in class that was dedicated to debriefing and the sharing of experiences.
The majority of the participants (n=10) stated that HIV and AIDS was transmitted through contact with infected body fluids and blood. The participants identified similar methods of transmission, which were unprotected sexual intercourse, needle-stick injuries, use of contaminated needles and mother- to- child transmission of HIV and AIDS. The participants were able to correctly identify the modes of transmission, except for one participant who was not sure if HIV and AIDS was transmitted through breast-feeding, due to a lack of knowledge of the modes of transmission.
Six participants identified voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) as a support service available for nurses exposed to HIV and AIDS. Three participants verbalised that they did not know of any services available to student nurses. Some participants were not sure if the services were available and accessible and had no idea if the services were available and accessible to the student nurses. There were various problems that were encountered by the participants with regards to accessing the services. These included a lack of privacy, fear of giving information to colleagues, early closure of the clinic and unavailability of the counsellor when needed.
Recommendations were made concerning the need for adequate preparation of student nurses in their early training, with regard to VCT, PMTCT, home- based care and support groups. The stigma for HIV and AIDS needs to be adequately
addressed. Support for student nurses needs to be provided when dealing with death of HIV and AIDS patients, as a large majority voiced not being able to cope.
Conclusion
Student nurses who shared their experiences nursing HIV and AIDS patients had positive and negative experiences when they provided nursing care to HIV positive patients. The participants needed the relevant support and counselling to be available when needed. Stigma still exists, even though HIV and AIDS has existed for at least thirty years. / PDF copy unavailable. please refer to hard copy for full text information / M
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Pracovněprávní aspekty zaměstnávání HIV pozitivních osob / Labour law aspects of employment of HIV positive personsKubová, Karolína January 2019 (has links)
Labour law aspects of employment of HIV positive persons Abstract This thesis describes and analyses problematics of employment of HIV positive persons. The main focus is on the labour law aspects which are specific or problematic regarding HIV positive persons. The text is divided into three chapters. First chapter provides general information about HIV and AIDS and creates a basis for the whole thesis. The description is focused mainly on the medicinal aspects of HIV and AIDS (its progression, treatment, its spreading, means of contagion). Information about perception of the disease in society is also provided. Second chapter revolves around aspects of employment relationships and agreements on work performed outside an employment relationship with HIV positive persons, as well as with employment of HIV positives in security and armed forces. One of the main themes of this chapter is assessment of medical fitness of job applicants and employees in relation with their HIV positivity. Other discussed topics are termination of employment relationships on grounds of employees state of health and personal data protection regarding HIV status of employees. Third chapter analyses matters of discrimination of HIV positive persons in employment relationships. It aims to answer a question whether HIV can be...
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Urban churches' responses to HIV/AIDS in their communities an exploration of histories and theologies /Fricke, Karen Joy. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--Trinity International University, 2006. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 187-196).
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The care to share HIV disclosure study - the attitudes toward and beliefs about HIV disclosure among perinatally-infected HIV-positive youth and their caregivers.Noroski, Lenora M. Markham, Christine M., Parcel, Guy S., Fu, Yun-Xin January 2009 (has links)
Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-06, page: 3551. Adviser: Christine Markham. Includes bibliographical references.
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