published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

Le corpus de films est constitué par les films amateurs tournés par les coloniaux dans les colonies françaises, Madagascar et le Sénégal. Ce corpus source est enrichi des films contemporains les utilisant. Dans le cadre d'une pratique d'action-recherche, deux films ont été réalisés. En 3 mouvements nous avons essayé de déterminer la valeur des films amateurs coloniaux aujourd’hui. Nous nous sommes appuyés sur l’anthropologie pragmatique et la philosophie de l’ordinaire pour comprendre les enjeux de ces films. Nos enquêtes révèlent que cette absence de valeur correspond à un déni de réalité de la situation coloniale, niant à la fois les injustices et les liens affectifs qui avaient pu être créées principalement entre les enfants de colons et les domestiques. D'où le paradoxe : des films dits "domestiques", les domestiques sont absents. Cette absence est essentielle. Sans les nounous et les boys, ces films sont des no man’s land. De plus, le contexte colonial crée un rapport d'illégitimité voir d'illégalité de ces films. En conclusion nous proposons d'une part une méthode de reconstruction cinématographique qui mette au cœur de son dispositif les trois acteurs liés aux films amateurs : les filmeurs, les filmés, les personnes dans le Hors champs. D'autre part nous proposons la création d'un institut des films amateurs coloniaux reposant sur des principes établis par un éthique de l'archivistique audiovisuelle et qui permettrait aux anciens colonisés de se réapproprier les images spoliées de leur propre passé à une époque où il y avait un monopole des moyens de production audiovisuelle. Cela répondrait à une justice mémorielle, audiovisuelle et affective. / The films corpus is made by amateur films shot by colonials in the French colonies, Madagascar and Senegal. This source corpus is enriched by contemporary films using these amateur films and films from the colonial era. As part of a practice of action research, two films were made. In 3 movements we tried to determine the value colonial home movies may have today. We relied on the pragmatic anthropology and ordinary philosophy to understand the issues of these films. The starting assumption was that these films had been abandoned, they had no more value as a result of a colonial state denied by settlers. Our historical and sociological surveys show that this lack of value is a denial of reality of the colonial situation, denying both injustice and emotional ties that had been created mainly between the settler children and servants. Hence the paradox of films called "domestic" is that domestics are absent. This lack is essential. Without nannies and boys, these films are a no man's land. Moreover, the colonial context creates a report view illegitimacy illegality of these films. In conclusion we propose firstly a cinematic reconstruction method that puts the heart of its system linked to the three actors amateur films: the filmmakers, the filmed people and those in the fields Out. Secondly we propose the creation of an institute of colonial amateur films based on principles established by an ethic of audiovisual archiving that allow former colonized to reclaim the images of their own past at a time when there was a monopoly of audiovisual means of production. This would respond to a memorial, audiovisual and emotional justice.

Spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) is used to generate quantum entangled photons through a non-linear crystal. The entanglement of photons is demonstrated by observing the effects of indistinguishability on photons, first through time and energy, then by polarization. The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect was also demonstrated. A theoretical derivation of the effect of a non 50/50 beam splitter (BS) is also investigated. The energy of the photons was changed by varying the temperature of the crystal whilst the time difference was changed by varying the relative position of two mirrors. Results showed a clear effect from indistinguishability on both energy and time.

Dans le premier chapitre de la thèse, nous résumons d’abord les définitions des algèbres Hom-Nambu n-aires (resp. Hom-Nambu- Lie) et algèbres Hom-Nambu n-aires multiplicatives (resp. Hom-Nambu-Lie multiplicatives). Ensuite, on donne,quelques exemples d'algèbres Hom-Nambu de dimension finie. Dans la troisième section du chapitre on rappellela classication des algèbres Hom-Nambu-Lie ternaires de dimension 3 correspondant auxhomomorphismes diagonaux donnée par Ataguema, Makhlouf et Silvestrov dans [12]. Laquatrième section est consacrée aux différentes manières de construire des algèbres n-airesde type Hom-Nambu. On rappelle la construction par twist initiée par Yau. Ensuite on la généralise en une construction d'algèbre n-aire de Hom-Nambu à partir d'une algèbre n-aire de Hom-Nambu et d'un morphisme faible. On s'intéresse aussi à des constructions d'arité plus grande ou plus petite et par produit tensoriel. On montre par ailleurs comment obtenir de nouvelles algèbres n-aires de Hom-Nambu en utilisant les éléments du centroide. La cinquième section est consacrée aux notions de dérivations et de représentationspour les algèbres n-aires. On étudie les αk-dérivations, les dérivations centrales et dansle cas général, la théorie des représentations des algèbres Hom-Nambu n-aires. Nousdiscutons en particulier les cas des représentations adjointes et coadjointes. Les résultatsobtenus dans cette section généralisent ceux donnés pour le cas binaire dans [16, 57]. / The aim of this thesis is to study representation theory and cohomology of n-ary Hom-Nambu-Lie algebras, as well as quadratic structures on these algebras. It is organized as follows.• Chapter 1. n-ary Hom-Nambu algebras : in the first section we recall the definitions of n-ary Hom-Nambu algebras and n-ary Hom-Nambu-Lie algebras, introduced by Ataguema, Makhlouf and Silvestrov and provide some key constructions. These algebras correspond to a generalized version by twisting of n-ary Nambu algebras and Nambu-Lie algebras which are called Filippov algebras. We deal in this chapter with a subclass of n-ary Hom-Nambu algebras called multiplicative n-ary Hom-Nambu algebras. In Section 1.2, we recall the list of 3-dimensional ternary Hom-Nambu-Lie algebras of special type corresponding to diagonal homomorphisms. In Section 1.4 we show different construction procedures. We recall the construction procedures by twisting principles and provide some new constructions using for example the centroid. The first twisting principle, introduced for binary case, was extend to n-ary case. The second twisting principle was introduced for binary algebras. We will extend it to n-ary case in the sequel. Also we recall a construction by tensor product of symmetric totally n-ary Hom-associative algebra by an n-ary Hom-Nambu algebra. In Section 1.5, we extend representation theory of Hom-Lie algebras to the n-ary case and discuss the derivations, αk-derivations and central derivations. The last section of chapter 1 is dedicated to ternary q-Virasoro-Witt algebras. We recall constructions of infinite dimensional ternary Hom-Nambu algebras.• Chapter 2. Cohomology of n-ary multiplicative Hom-Nambu algebras : InSection 2.1. We define a central extension. In the second Section we show that for an n-ary Hom-Nambu-Lie algebra N, the space ∧n−1 N carries a structure of Hom-Leibniz algebra and we dene a cohomology which is suitable for the study of one parameter formal deformations of n-ary Hom-Nambu-Lie algebras. In Section 2.4, we extend to n-ary multiplicative Hom-Nambu-Lie algebras the Takhtajan's construction of a cohomology of ternary Nambu-Lie algebras starting from Chevalley-Eilenberg cohomology of binary Lie algebras. The cohomology of multiplicative Hom-Lie algebras. The cohomology complex for Leibniz algebras was defined by Loday and Pirashvili.• Chapter 3. Quadratic n-ary Hom-Nambu algebras : In the first section we introduce a class of Hom-Nambu-Lie algebras which possess an inner product. In Section 3.3, we provide some constructions of Hom-quadratic Hom-Nambu-Lie algebras starting from an ordinary Nambu-Lie algebra and from tensor product of Hom-quadratic commutative Hom-associative algebra and Hom-quadratic Hom-Nambu-Lie algebra. In Section 3.5, we provide a construction of n-ary Hom-Nambu algebra L which is a generalization of the trivial T∗-extension. In Section 3.6, we give a construction of ternary algebra arising from quadratic Lie algebra. In Section 3.7, we construct quadratic n-ary Hom-Nambu algebras involving elements of the centroid of n-ary Nambu algebras.

傅敖斯的《法國中尉的女人》是否為一女性主義文本一直是批評家爭議的焦點;絕大多數的女性主義批評家都認為傅氏挑戰父權偏見不成而自陷 於其迷宮中。本論文旨在探討傅氏小說中女性主義議題,剖析小說人物的三 角關係與性別政治。 本論文共分四章:首章討論拉岡和李維史托從亂倫禁忌的情慾三角論 述;藉由女性主義家依希葛萊對拉岡和李維史托的批判和挪用,闡釋父權文化如何使女性在心裡和社會層面皆化為第二性。 第二章結合李維史托和依 希葛萊的理論,從查爾斯和提娜的婚盟以及查爾斯的紳士俱樂部集體嫖妓行 為,討論傅氏小說女性淪為男性的交換物,形成依希葛萊所謂父權社會的底 層結構--男(同)性(戀)經濟。 第三章融和拉岡和依希葛萊的精神分析理論 ,討論在查爾斯與提娜, 莎拉的三角戀情呈現的性別政治。第四章討論激 進女性主義和莎拉,蜜莉,克莉絲迪納三人的同性戀:在簡述女同志愛與女性 主義之契合後,由依希葛萊,維蒂格等人的分離主義指出莎柆如何在女人之間的情慾三角糾葛,逾越父權社會定義下的男女性別界限,並且建立獨立男性之外的女性主體。 / Fowles's The French Lieutenant's Woman~U1;'s feminism has been a point of contentions among feminist critics; most feminist critics argue that Fowles is not a feminist but a phallocratic wolf clothed in feminist clothes. This thesis intends to readdress the feminist issues in Fowles's novel by probing onto the multiple layers of triangular relationships and sexual politics among the characters. This thesis consists of four chapters. A theorectical base of this thesis, Chapter one is a discussion on the "the discourse of erotic triangle" posited repectively by Lacan and Levi-Strauss through the idea of incest taboo. Through French feminist Luce Irigaray's critigue and appropriation of Lacan and Levi-Strauss, this chapter lays bare the subordination of women in patriarchal society, psychological or social. Chapter Two is concentrated on what Irigaray calls the foundational structure of patriarchal society--"hom(m)osexual economy". The matrimonial alliance between Ernestina and Charles and the sexual escapade of Charles' gentlemen club are singled out to illustrate how women are exchanged as objects between men. Chapter Three focuses on the sexual politics in Charles' s love triangle with Ernestaina and Sarah. Chapter Four deals with radical feminism and Sarah's lesbianism with Millie and Christina. Irigaray's and Wittig' separatist politics are deployed to show how Sarah transgresses the patriarchally-defined boundary between the sexes, destroys the Victorians' mythologization of women as asexual--yet produtive--Madonna, and then forges an subjectivity independent of the male sex.