Nesta pesquisa estudou-se o emprego de radiação ultravioleta em reatores de batelada e em reator com escoamento contínuo (unidade comercial de alta intensidade), respectivamente em escala de laboratório e real. Os ensaios em batelada tiveram como finalidade monitoramento da potência radiante da lâmpada de baixa pressão de vapor de mercúrio durante a vida útil, determinação da intensidade média de radiação ultravioleta incidente no interior da câmara de desinfecção, obtenção dos coeficientes do modelo de Hom para coliformes totais, Escherichia coli e Clostridium perfringens e comparação da resistência à desinfecção desses microrganismos indicadores e colifagos. Os ensaios em sistema contínuo apresentaram como principal objetivo estudo da resistência dos microrganismos indicadores à desinfecção em condições de operação em escala real. Nos ensaios de desinfecção utilizou-se esgoto sanitário tratado em nível secundário. Os microrganismos indicadores apresentaram a seguinte ordem decrescente de resistência à desinfecção: C. perfringens, coliformes totais, E. coli e colifagos. As percentagens de inativação de C. perfringens, coliformes totais, E. coli e colifagos nos ensaios em batelada variaram de 0 a 99,882%, 36,3 a 99,999%, 21,8 a 100% e de 86,5 a 100%, respectivamente. Os resultados de inativação obtidos para coliformes totais e E. coli apresentaram ajustes pelo modelo de Hom com valores de R2 superiores a 0,81 e 0,76, respectivamente. Comprovou-se que a instalação contínua é inadequada para efluentes com elevadas concentrações de sólidos em suspensão e matéria orgânica. / In this research the use of ultraviolet radiation was studied in batch and continuous flow (high intensity commercial unit) reactors, respectively in laboratory and real scale. The batch assays were aimed to monitor the wattage of the low-pressure mercury lamp during its lifetime, to determine the mean ultraviolet radiation intensity inside disinfection chamber, to obtain Hom model coefficients for total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens and to compare the resistance to disinfection of these indicator microorganisms and coliphages. The assays in the continuous system presented as main objective to study the resistance of these indicator microorganisms to disinfection in real scale operational conditions. In the disinfection assays wastewater treated by a secondary level was used. The indicator microorganisms presented the following decreasing order of disinfection resistance: C. perfringens, total coliforms, E. coli and coliphages. C. perfringens, total coliforms, E. coli and coliphages inactivation percentages in batch assays varied from 0 to 99,882%, 36,3 to 99,999%, 21,8 to 100% and from 86,5 to 100%, respectively. The inactivation results obtained for total coliforms and E. coli presented adjustments by Hom model with R2 values above 0,81 and 0,76, respectively. It was proved that the installation of high intensity is not adequate for effluents with high concentration of suspended solids and organic matter.

Nesta pesquisa estudou-se o emprego de radiação ultravioleta em reatores de batelada e em reator com escoamento contínuo (unidade comercial de alta intensidade), respectivamente em escala de laboratório e real. Os ensaios em batelada tiveram como finalidade monitoramento da potência radiante da lâmpada de baixa pressão de vapor de mercúrio durante a vida útil, determinação da intensidade média de radiação ultravioleta incidente no interior da câmara de desinfecção, obtenção dos coeficientes do modelo de Hom para coliformes totais, Escherichia coli e Clostridium perfringens e comparação da resistência à desinfecção desses microrganismos indicadores e colifagos. Os ensaios em sistema contínuo apresentaram como principal objetivo estudo da resistência dos microrganismos indicadores à desinfecção em condições de operação em escala real. Nos ensaios de desinfecção utilizou-se esgoto sanitário tratado em nível secundário. Os microrganismos indicadores apresentaram a seguinte ordem decrescente de resistência à desinfecção: C. perfringens, coliformes totais, E. coli e colifagos. As percentagens de inativação de C. perfringens, coliformes totais, E. coli e colifagos nos ensaios em batelada variaram de 0 a 99,882%, 36,3 a 99,999%, 21,8 a 100% e de 86,5 a 100%, respectivamente. Os resultados de inativação obtidos para coliformes totais e E. coli apresentaram ajustes pelo modelo de Hom com valores de R2 superiores a 0,81 e 0,76, respectivamente. Comprovou-se que a instalação contínua é inadequada para efluentes com elevadas concentrações de sólidos em suspensão e matéria orgânica. / In this research the use of ultraviolet radiation was studied in batch and continuous flow (high intensity commercial unit) reactors, respectively in laboratory and real scale. The batch assays were aimed to monitor the wattage of the low-pressure mercury lamp during its lifetime, to determine the mean ultraviolet radiation intensity inside disinfection chamber, to obtain Hom model coefficients for total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens and to compare the resistance to disinfection of these indicator microorganisms and coliphages. The assays in the continuous system presented as main objective to study the resistance of these indicator microorganisms to disinfection in real scale operational conditions. In the disinfection assays wastewater treated by a secondary level was used. The indicator microorganisms presented the following decreasing order of disinfection resistance: C. perfringens, total coliforms, E. coli and coliphages. C. perfringens, total coliforms, E. coli and coliphages inactivation percentages in batch assays varied from 0 to 99,882%, 36,3 to 99,999%, 21,8 to 100% and from 86,5 to 100%, respectively. The inactivation results obtained for total coliforms and E. coli presented adjustments by Hom model with R2 values above 0,81 and 0,76, respectively. It was proved that the installation of high intensity is not adequate for effluents with high concentration of suspended solids and organic matter.

La première partie de la thèse traite des déformations et quantification de bialgèbres de Lie. L'existence d'une quantification pour chaque bialgèbre de Lie a été démontrée par Etingof et Kazhdan. Dans ce travail, on s'intéresse au cas des bialgèbres de Lie colorée, c'est à dire une structure de bialgèbres de Lie sur un espace gradué par un groupe quelconque et un bicaractère. A cet effet, on adapte la preuve de Etingof et Kazhdan et on introduit une généralisation au cas coloré du grand crochet introduit par Lecomte et Roger. Par ailleurs nous définissons une cohomologie pour les algèbres et bialgèbres de Lie colorées. Dans le deuxième partie de la thèse, on considère les algèbres Hom-associatives et algèbres Hom-Lie. Une algèbre Hom-associative est définie par une multiplication et une application linéaire alpha modifiant l'associativité. On commence cette partie par rappeler des définitions et propriétés des algèbres de type Hom. Ensuite, on définit la cohomologie de Hochschild de type alpha, en donnant ses propriétés. Une étude similaire est faite dans le cas des algèbres Hom-Lie et la cohomologie de Chevalley-Eilenberg, ainsi que pour les Hom-bialgèbres et bialgèbres Hom-Lie. La théorie de déformations formelles introduite par Gerstenhaber met en lien les déformations et la cohomologie. Dans cette thèse on établit une théorie de déformations des algèbres Hom-associatives basée sur la cohomologie de Hochschild de type alpha. Il s'agit de déformer simultanément la multiplication et l'application linéaire. Par ailleurs, on explore la structure d’algèbre de Lie à homotopie près correspondante, telle que les éléments de Maurer-Cartan sont des Hom-algèbres. / In the first part of this thesis, we provide a proof that any color Lie bialgebra can be quantized. This was proved for Lie bialgebras by Etingof and Kazhdan. Here we generalize this proof to color Lie bialgebras, which are Lie bialgebras graded by an arbitrary abelian group and symmetry given by a bicharacter. Before giving the details of the proof, we first recall the definitions and basic properties of color Lie algebras and bialgebras. Also a generalization of the Grand Crochet introduced by Lecomte and Roger to the color setting is given. Using the Grand Crochet, we also provide a cohomology for color Lie bialgebras. In the second part, we study different type of Hom-algebras, especially Hom-Lie and Hom-associative algebras. Hom-algebras are algebras were the defining relations, e.g. the associativity, are twisted by a linear map alpha called structure map. We first recall the relevant definitions. Then we define a new cohomology for Hom-associative and Hom-Lie algebras called alpha-type Hochschild and Chevalley-Eilenberg cohomology respectively. We also show how these cohomologies can be used to study formal deformations, in the sense of Gerstenhaber, of Hom-associative and Hom-Lie algebras. We allow the deformation of the multiplication and the structure map. We also consider alpha type cohomologies for Hom-bialgebras. Moreover, we explore the corresponding homotopy Lie algebra structure such that the Maurer-Cartan elements are Hom-algebras.

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

Nous étudions les aspects spatiaux de l’intrication, d’une part dans le cadre de la génération d’états intriqués de haute dimensionnalité par amplification paramétrique optique, et d’autre part dans le cadre des expériences dites de Hong- Ou- Mandel. La première partie de cette étude s’attache à démontrer l’existence d’un paradoxe Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) dans le comportement de la lumière de fluorescence générée par un amplificateur paramétrique optique. Le paradoxe EPR estétudié dans le contexte de sa formulation originelle, c’est-à-dire dans le domaine des positions et impulsions. La détection des photons intriqués est assurée à l’aide de caméras particulières,appelées caméras EMCCD, qui présentent la propriété de pouvoir atteindre un régime de comptage de photons. En prenant des images des faisceaux de fluorescence, nous montrons l’existence d’un paradoxe EPR de haut degré. La seconde partie de cette étude concerne les expérience sde Hong- Ou- Mandel et cherche à démontrer, par l’utilisation de simulations, la possibilité d’obtenir une coalescence complète des paires de photons sur toute l’extension spatiale de faisceaux de fluorescence paramétrique. Partant du constat du comportement non-local qui apparaît clairement au cours de cette étude, nous démontrons la possibilité d’ établir une inégalité de Bell pour ce phénomène d’interférence à deux photons. Nous montrons par ailleurs que le formalisme quantique prévoit la violation de cette inégalité de Bell par un état construit en filtrant l’ état intriqué écrit par EPR en 1935. / Spatial aspects of entanglement in parametric amplification : Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox intwin images and Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment.We study spatial aspects of entanglement, first in the context of spontaneous down converted lightexhibiting high dimensional entanglement, and in a second step through a simulated Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment. The first part of this study demonstrate an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox inits original formulation, e.g. in the context of position and momentum correlations. We detect photonsby mean of special cameras including a gain register, called EMCCD cameras, able to count photonarrival on each pixel. By taking direct images of the fluorescence beams, we demonstrate a strongdegree of EPR paradox. The second part of this study aim to demonstrate, by mean of simulations,the possibility to obtain a full field coalescence of fluorescence photons, due to the Hong-Ou-Mandeleffect. Starting from the observation that the HOM effect exhibits a nonlocal behaviour, we establisha Bell inequality on the two photons interference phenomenon itself. We then show that the original1935 EPR state is able to violate this Bell inequality

published_or_final_version / Sociology / Master / Master of Philosophy

Le but de cette thèse est d'étudier quelques aspects algébriques du problème de quantification par déformation. On considère d'une part la formalité dans le cas des algèbres libres et de l'algèbre de Lie so(3), et on s'intéresse d'autre part à la quantification par déformation pour des structures Hom-algébriques. Suivant le résultat de formalité de Kontsevich en 1997 pour les algèbres symétriques, on étudie dans la première partie de cette thèse les algèbres libres, qui sont un cas particulier d'algèbres enveloppantes, et on montre qu'il n'y a pas formalité en général, sauf dans les cas triviaux. On montre aussi qu'il n'y a pas formalité pour l'algèbre de Lie so(3). Les techniques utilisées sont de type homologiques. On calcule la cohomologie de ces algèbres et on procède à la construction du L-infini-quasi-isomorphisme entre l'algèbre de Lie différentielle graduée des cochaînes de Hochschild munie du crochet de Gerstenhaber et l'algèbre de la cohomologie munie du crochet de Schouten. Dans la seconde partie de ce travail, on utilise un principe de déformation par twist pour les structures Hom-algébriques, pour construire de nouvelles structures de même type, ou encore pour déformer une structure classique en une Hom-structure correspondante à l'aide d'un morphisme d'algèbres. En particulier, on applique ce procédé aux structures de Poisson et aux star-produits de Moyal-Weyl. Par ailleurs, on établit une correspondance entre les algèbres enveloppantes d'algèbres Hom-Lie possédant une structure Hom-coPoisson et les bigèbres Hom-Lie.

Document intends to re-establish Hom-Lie algebra theory for a wider class of morphisms on the underlying coefficient algebra. A look is taken into deformed Witt and Virasoro algebras and a new direction is taken into further quasi-Hom-Lie VIrasoro-type extensions for different Witt algebras.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-05-26T11:51:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 469145 Texto Completo.pdf: 7532257 bytes, checksum: 3edfcf4b53ba804d0a33894959a8c48e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-26T11:51:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 469145 Texto Completo.pdf: 7532257 bytes, checksum: 3edfcf4b53ba804d0a33894959a8c48e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The members of Cicadidae are insects popularly known as cicadas, easily recognized in your environment because of male singing. Cicadoidea is currently divided into Tettigarctidae and Cicadidae, and this into three subfamilies: Cicadinae, Cicadettinae and Tibicininae. Cicadinae has many neotropical tribes, Fidicinini, one of the most representative, is divided into Fidicinina and Guyalnina and has 16 genera. Into Fidicinina, Fidicina and Fidicinoides are the ones with highest number of described species and none of the other genera of the tribe has a taxomic revision, being absent publications that establish characters to distinguish them. Into Guyalnina, Dorisiana has economic importance as pest of coffee and also taxonomic problems, besides the lack of morphological characters needed for its determination, which is increased by the lack of a review covering all genera present in the tribe. The general goal of this work was execute the taxonomic revision of Dorisiana species improving the knowledge about the taxon, with the specific objective to analyze the morphology of the genus from deposited specimens of collections of national and international institutions; describe the morphological species, including photographs and ilustrations, mostly of the male genitalia; produce a pictorial dichotomous key to distinguish the Dorisiana species. Therefore, of the 16 species of the genus, previously known, four were synonymized, two new combinations and two new species were described, totaling 16 valid species, covered in the pictorial dichotomous key.From these results and studies that led to it, is perceived a great lack of group by works that delimit characters needed for your determination, for genus and species, which is also shared by others neotropical tribes. Starting of these assumptions suggested in the future more studies on characters for a cladistics analysis of the Dorisiana species and the continuity of the studies with the members of the tribe to establish reliable characters in recognition of evolutionary lineages. / Os cidad?deos s?o insetos conhecidos popularmente como cigarras, sendo facilmente reconhecidos no seu ambiente devido ao som emitido pelos machos. Cicadoidea se encontra atualmente dividida em Tettigarctidae e Cicadidae e, esta ?ltima em tr?s subfam?lias: Cicadinae, Cicadettinae e Tibicininae. Cicadinae comporta muitas tribos neotropicais, sendo uma das mais representativas Fidicinini, subdividida em Fidicinina e Guyalnina e contendo 16 g?neros. Em Fidicinina, Fidicina e Fidicinoides s?o os ?nicos que apresentam maior n?mero de esp?cies descritas e nenhum dos demais g?neros da tribo possui uma revis?o tax?mica, sendo ausentes publica??es que estabele?am caracteres para distingui-los. Dentro de Guyalnina, Dorisiana apresenta import?ncia econ?mica como praga do cafeeiro e tamb?m problemas taxon?micos, al?m da car?ncia de caracteres morfol?gicos necess?rios para sua determina??o, o que ? acrescido pela falta de uma revis?o que contemple todos os g?neros presentes na tribo. O objetivo geral desse trabalho foi realizar a revis?o taxon?mica das esp?cies de Dorisiana aprimorando os conhecimentos acerca do t?xon, tendo como objetivos espec?ficos analisar a morfologia das esp?cies do g?nero a partir de exemplares depositados em cole??es de institui??es nacionais e estrangeiras; descrever as esp?cies morfologicamente, incluindo fotografias e desenhos, principalmente das pe?as da genit?lia do macho; produzir uma chave dicot?mica pict?rica para determina??o das esp?cies. Para isso, a partir da an?lise dos exemplares encontrados nas cole??es nacionais e pelo envio de fotografias de material das institui??es estrangeiras, foi realizado o estudo morfol?gico dos esp?cimes e ilustra??es das principais estruturas para a distin??o das esp?cies de Dorisiana.Dessa forma, das 16 esp?cies do g?nero anteriormente conhecidas, quatro foram sinonimizadas, duas novas combina??es e duas novas esp?cies foram descritas, totalizando 16 v?lidas contempladas na chave dicot?mica pict?rica. A partir desses resultados, e dos estudos que levaram a ele, percebe-se uma grande car?ncia do grupo por trabalhos que delimitem caracteres necess?rios para a sua determina??o, tanto em n?vel de g?nero quanto de esp?cie, o que tamb?m ? compartilhado por outras tribos da regi?o neotropical. Partindo-se desse presuposto, sugere-se no futuro o levantamento de mais caracteres objetivando uma an?lise clad?stica de Dorisiana e a continuidade dos estudos com representantes da tribo para se estabelecer caracteres confi?veis no reconhecimento de linhagens evolutivas.

Současné přístupy k řízení inovace CRM v nedostatečné míře akcentují řízení hodnoty portfolia vztahů se zákazníky. Přestože CRM lze dnes považovat za jednu z klíčových podnikových strategii, je podceňována role CRM jako významné složky integrovaného řízení podnikové výkonnosti. Tomu odpovídá i absence vhodného modelu pro hodnotově orientované řízení inovace CRM. Dochází tak často k nesprávnému nastavení strategií a priorit inovace CRM a následně i problematickému řízení vlastních přínosů CRM. Primárním cílem této disertační práce je přispět k rozvoji teoretické základny hodnotově orientovaného řízení inovace CRM a umožnit její následnou aplikaci v podnikové praxi a to právě prostřednictvím navrženého modelu (HOM).