Thesis (M.Hous.M.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-112). Also available in print.

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1986. / Also available in print.

Thesis (doctoral) - Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 198-218).

The availability and quality of housing is very closely related to the development in the building industry and to the economic opportunities in the given state. This thesis deals with the relationship between tax policy and new housing construction. Taking influence on the building industry through tax policies - that is to say, through indirect instruments - is particularly advantageous thanks to the low administrative overhead, as no further redistribution from public budgets is necessary. Hiding behind this advantage, though, are a number of difficult-to-estimate quantifications in the form of tax allowances or, conversely, of the amount of the tax burden. Indirect instruments can influence residential development activities in both positive and negative ways, and this thesis addresses both. Aside from tax instruments, the state may support new housing construction through direct instruments, a term which covers various forms of loans at preferential terms, grants and subsidies. The aim of this thesis is to test the hypothesis about the effectiveness of housing policy in terms of housing construction through direct and indirect instruments.

Housing competes with other basic necessities for the limited resources of a society. Social policy reflects the priority placed on these basic needs by the state as well as citizens. The purpose of this study is to examine citizen housing solution preferences and explore how these preferences can be used to create more effective housing policies. In this research, informants focused on three housing solutions: 1) complete state provision, 2) complete free market provision, or 3) a combination of limited state assistance with community participation. My case studies of Esperanza Andina, Chile and Cayo Hueso, Cuba investigate the resident's views on the roles of the state, the market and citizens for housing provision and attainment through unstructured interviews. Despite having two different political economies, the residents in both of these communities preferred a mixture of state assistance and community participation for their housing solution. The finding of this study reinforces some of the most recent literature on the importance and effective results of community participation. In Chile, sixteen years of authoritarian rule hampered a strong history of citizen action for social needs. With a return to electoral democracy in 1990, citizens in Esperanza Andina are organizing more effectively to participate in the fulfillment of their housing needs and preferences. In Cuba, Castro's centralized Socialist government has allowed little citizen input to influence the provision of overall social needs. However, citizens in Cayo Hueso are organizing to represent and fulfill their own housing needs and preferences. / Master of Urban Affairs

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The goal of this study is to determine, which of two development approaches, i.e., the "bottom-up approach" or the "top-down" approach (or social development and social engineering, respectively) have been successful in determining the felt needs of the community of Zwelihle. For this purpose a needs assessment was executed in Zwelihle community, close to Hermanus, in September 2001. The assessment procedure was done according to the Priority index and Community profile method (P+C-index), applying the Schutte scale during semi-structured focus group interviews. "Qualiquantitative" data (quantifies a qualitative response) was gathered from five different neighbourhoods in Zwelihle, each with different priority needs. Previously to this study, another community development project, the "housing project", was conducted in 1998 in the community of Zwelihle and more specifically in Thambo Square, presently named Airfield, fulfilling a housing need. The present study only considered the first three phases of the development process (needs assessment, problem identification and planning) to be relevant, of which all these phases have been executed and completed by the "housing project". However, no further follow-up phases of the community development process have been executed since the completion of the P+C index needs assessment. Each of these two involvements in the Zwelihle community had a different approach to development. The former, the P+C index needs assessment, had a social development approach (bottom-up), and the latter, the "housing project", had a social engineering approach (top-down). By applying a measuring tool, the principles and features of effective community development (Swanepoel, 1997:3) during the initial, needs assessment phase, an attempt was made to determine which of the two approaches have been successful in determining the community's "felt" needs and in so doing have managed an effective community development process. The finding was that the P+C-index method, as far as the first phase of community development was concerned, applied all the community development principles and reflected the features of effective community development. Although the outcome or characteristics of these applied "principles and features" may not be recognised or measured, this present study has realised these principles and features during the needs assessment phase. The "housing project" has fallen short in applying any of these principles and did therefore fail to reflect any characteristics of an effective development process. The differences between the two approaches essentially are that the P+C index empowered the community, by allowing the members at "grassroots" level participation in order for them to personally express their "felt" needs during focus group interviews. The 'housing project' on the contrary has allowed the community at "grassroots" level participation but only to a certain extent, by filling out questionnaires identifying a "real" need ("top" down need identification). The community leaders, though, were allowed to speak on their behalf. In conclusion, it may be possible to determine which of the two mentioned approaches have been successful in determining the "felt" needs of the community of Zwelihle and in doing so have been effective, by socially developing the people. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel met hierdie studie is om te bepaal watter twee ontwikkelingsbenaderinge, m.a.w., die "bottom-up" benadering of die "top-down" benadering (of sosiaal ontwikkelings en sosiaal manipulasie, onderskeidelik) suksesvol was in die bepaling van die "gevoelde behoeftes" (felt) van die Zwelihle gemeenskap. Vir hierdie doel is 'n behoeftebepaling uitgevoer in Zwelihle gemeenskap, aangrensend aan Hermanus, gedurende September 2001. Die behoeftebepalingsprosedure wat gevolg is, is uitgevoer volgens die Prioriteits indeks (P-Indeks) en Gemeenskapsprofielmetode (C-indeks), waartydens 'n Schutte skaal aangewend is, gedurende semigestruktureerde fokus-groep onderhoude. Voor die aanvang van hierdie studie is 'n ander gemeenskapsontwikkelingsprojek , bekend as die "behuisingsprojek", in 1998 in dieselfde gemeenskap uitgevoer. Hierdie projek het 'n behuisingsbehoefte aangespreek en was meer spesifiek gerig op die woonbuurt, Thambo Square (tans bekend as Airfield) van die groter Zwelihle gemeenskap. Die huidige studie beskou alleenlik die eerste drie fases van die ontwikkelingsproses, nl. behoeftebepaling, probleem identifikasie en beplanning, as toepaslik en is weliswaar deur die genoemde behuisingsprojek uitgevoer en voltooi. Daarenteen, is geen verdere opvolg-fases, na die uitvoering en voltooing van die P+Cindeks behoeftebepalingsfase, gevolg nie. Beide hierdie twee betrokke metodes of projekte het verskillende ontwikkelingsbenaderinge gevolg. Eersgenoemde, die P+C-indeks behoeftebepalingmetode het 'n sosiaal-ontwikkelingsbenadering (Bottom-up) en laasgenoemde het 'n sosiaalmanipulerings benadering (Top-down) gevolg. Deur die toepassing van 'n meetinstrument, die beginsels en karaktertrekke van effektiewe gemeenskapsontwikkeling (Swanepoel, 1997:3) gedurende die aanvangs, behoeftebepalings fase is 'n poging aangewend om te bepaal watter van die twee benaderinge suksesvol sou wees in die bepaling van die gemeenskap se "gevoelsbehoefte" (felt). In die uitvoering hiervan kan bewys gelewer word dat 'n effektiewe gemeenskapsontwikkelinsproses deurgevoer is. Die bevinding derhalwe was dat die P+C index metode, ten opsigte van die eerste fase van gemeenskapsontwikkeling, al die gemeenskapsontwikkelings beginsels toegepas het en ook die karaktertrekke van effektiewe gemeenskapontwikkeling, reflekteer het. Alhoewel die resultaat van die genoemde, toegepaste "beginsels en karaktertrekke" nie erken of gemeet kon word nie, het die huidige studie hierdie "beginsels en karaktertrekke" gerealiseer en erken tydens die eerste behoeftebepalingsfase. Die wesenlike verskil tussen hierdie twee genoemde benaderinge is dat die P+C-indeks metode, die gemeenskapslede bemagtig het deurdat die lede op grondvlak deelname toegelaat is om gedurende die fokus-groepsonderhoude, persoonlik uitdrukking te kon gee aan hul "gevoelsbehoeftes". Die "behuisingsprojek" daarenteen het die gemeenskapslede op grondvlak wel deelname toegelaat, maar net tot so 'n mate waar vraelyste deur laasgenoemde voltooi is vir die identifisering van 'n "ware (real) behoefte", ("top-down" behoeftebepaling). Verder is gemeenskapsleiers toegelaat om die gemeenskapslede op grondvlak te verteenwoordig en namens hulle op te tree. Die gevolgtrekking kan dus gemaak word dat dit wel moontlik is om te bepaal watter van die twee genoemde benaderinge suksesvol was in die bepaling van die gemeenskap van Zwelihle se "gevoelsbehoefte" en gevolglik effektief was om die gemeenskapslede sosiaal te ontwikkel.

Wan Hing-po. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1981. / Bibliography: leaves i-ix.

by Wu Wai Man. / Thesis submitted in: December 1997. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-150). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Theoretical Framework --- p.12 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Operationalization of the Theoretical Framework --- p.27 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- General Configurations of the Collective Action Events Concerning Issues of Public Housing Estates --- p.38 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- The Hong Kong Government's Propensity of Repression --- p.49 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Formal and Informal Access for Participants of the Public Housing Movement --- p.69 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Policy and Strategic Orientation of the Grass-Root Oriented Political Parties --- p.99 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Changes in the Political Alignment: the Protrusions of Pro-China Resident Organizations --- p.125 / Chapter Chapter 9 --- Conclusion --- p.133 / Appendix Background Information of the Interviewees --- p.145 / Bibliography --- p.146

by Pui-yee Connie Tang. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 235-252). / Abstract also in Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii / ABBREVIATIONS --- p.viii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.ix / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- HOUSING MARKET AND HOME OWNERSHIP --- p.6 / The Hong Kong residential housing market --- p.7 / Growth of home ownership --- p.23 / Conclusion --- p.38 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- STUDYING HOUSING PROVISION --- p.40 / Neo-classical economics --- p.41 / Classical Marxism --- p.43 / Urban political economy --- p.46 / Beyond Marxian political economy --- p.56 / Structures of housing provision --- p.58 / Conclusion --- p.63 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- HONG KONG PROPERTY DEVELOPERS --- p.64 / Roles of property developers --- p.64 / Types of property developers --- p.66 / The research agenda --- p.68 / Historical development of Hong Kong property developers --- p.70 / British-controlled property companies --- p.79 / Chinese-controlled property companies --- p.81 / Overseas-controlled property companies --- p.91 / Public-sector developers --- p.93 / Other public companies --- p.96 / Conclusion --- p.100 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- THE OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSING PROVISION IN HONG KONG --- p.102 / Forms of housing production --- p.103 / The housing development process in Hong Kong --- p.107 / Land search and assembly --- p.108 / "Planning permission, development design and finance" --- p.128 / Housing construction --- p.137 / Marketing and selling --- p.142 / Conclusion --- p.148 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- PROPERTY DEVELOPERS AND THEIR POWER --- p.149 / Developers' market power --- p.149 / Developers' political power --- p.175 / Conclusion --- p.186 / Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- HONG KONG OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSING AND THEIR FUTURE --- p.188 / Expand owner-occupied housing sector --- p.189 / Strategies to promote home ownership --- p.198 / The future structure of owner-occupied housing provision in Hong Kong --- p.204 / Future prospects of home ownership --- p.209 / Conclusion --- p.214 / Chapter CHAPTER 8 --- CONCLUSION --- p.216 / POSTSCRIPT --- p.220 / APPENDICES / Chapter I. --- List of individuals consulted in selected individuals interviews --- p.221 / Chapter II. --- Corporate members in the Real Estate Developers Association of Hong Kong as in1997. --- p.223 / Chapter III. --- "Details of HOS and PSPS projects, 1978-97" --- p.229 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.235

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1977. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / by Victor E. Bach. / Ph.D.