Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Human papillomavirus is connected with induction of cervical carcinoma as well as for some other anogenital carcinomas and subset of carcinomas of head and neck. Presence of viral E6 and E7 oncoproteins may induce cell transformation, higher load of oncoproteins is caused by the regulatory E2 protein inactivation. Aims of recent study are mechanisms of E2 protein inactivation. One option is integration of viral DNA into the host genome, which is located into the E2 gene region. Some carcinomas, where virus with extrachromosomal form was presented, were found. It appears that epigenetic changes can play the role in the development of this type of tumors, especially DNA methylation or mutation in the regulatory region of the virus. The methylation degree analysis on samples of tonsillar carcinomas with extrachromosomal and integrated form of the virus was conduced, as well as viral load of both groups was compared and the expression of E6 and E7 gene was confirmed. The results of methylation analysis showed increased methylation of the virus with integrated DNA. Mutations in the E2 protein binding sites are not revealed. The expression of the viral oncogenes were confirmed in all tumors regardless of the form of the viral genome. The mechanism of tumors induction, especially for virus with...

Attitudes and beliefs on HPV infection and vaccination II Veronika Regnerová, PharmDr. Eva Zimčíková, Ph.D. Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women. The majority of cervical cancer cases are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Three vaccines have been approved to prevent HPV infection and related diseases. Objectives: The study aimed to analyse the knowledge and attitudes regarding HPV, cervical cancer and HPV vaccination in secondary school students in the Czech Republic. Methods: The study was carried out in May 2017 at four secondary schools. A questionnaire used for data collection comprised 15 items including questions on demographic characteristics, knowledge about cervical cancer and HPV, vaccination coverage, HPV perceived susceptibility and seriousness, and beliefs on HVP vaccination. Results: A total of 667 students participated (mean age: 16.8 y ± 1.18; 63% female); 20.5% were smokers, 24.7% God believers. Most of the students (97.0%) heard about cervical cancer and penile cancer, significant proportion (68.3%) knew HPV was the causative factor. Half of the respondents (49.9%) have heard about vaccination against HPV. Among cervical cancer risk factors HPV infection was reported in 58.1% cases followed by promiscuity (14.5%), irregular...

Thesis advisor: Junona Moroianu / In this study we investigated the hydrophobic interactions between HPV11 E7 and the FG regions of Nup62N through transfection assays with EGFP-11E7 fusion plasmids in HeLa cells and binding assays with GST-Nup62N immobilized on Glutathione-Sepharose beads. We found that EGFP-11cE7 binds to Nup62N. This suggests a possible mechanism for the nuclear import of HPV11 E7 through direct hydrophobic interactions between its carboxy-terminus and the FG region of Nup62. The interaction between HPV11 E7 and CRM1 nuclear export receptor was also examined using similar methods. Binding between these proteins suggest that nuclear export of 11E7 is mediated by CRM1 binding to its leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES). / Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2013. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: College Honors Program. / Discipline: Biology.

Thesis advisor: Junona Moroianu / Some non melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) have been associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) pathogenesis, like epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). EV is a genetically inherited skin disease that develops when the individuals are infected with cutaneous HPV types belonging to the β-genus, especially types 5 and 8. Transgenic mouse lineages expressing all early genes of cutaneous HPV8 develop papillomas, dysplasias and SCC after UV irradiation and this correlates with enhanced HPV8 oncogenes expression. We have previously discovered that the nuclear localization of mucosal HPV16 E7 and HPV11 E7 proteins is mediated by their zinc-binding domain via a Ran-dependent pathway and independent of nuclear import receptors and that a patch of hydrophobic residues within the zinc-binding domain of HPV16 E7 and HPV11 E7 proteins is responsible for their nuclear import via hydrophobic interactions with FG nucleoporins. Here we investigated the nucleocytoplasmic traffic of cutaneous HPV8 E7 protein using confocal microscopy to analyze the intracellular localization of EGFP-8E7, its subdomains and its mutants after transient transfections. We also investigated the nuclear import ability of GST-8E7, its subdomains and mutants using in vitro nuclear import assays in digitonin-permeabilized HeLa cells. In addition, we performed isolation assays to study the direct interaction between HPV8 E7 and two FG nucleoporins, Nup62 and Nup153 or the nuclear export receptor, CRM1. We found that the nuclear import of cutaneous HPV8 E7 is mediated by a nuclear localization signal (NLS) located within its zinc-binding domain. Furthermore, we determined that the hydrophobic residues within the 65LRLFV69 patch are responsible for the nuclear import and nuclear localization of HPV8 E7 via direct hydrophobic interactions with FG nucleoporins, Nup62 and Nup153, whereas the positively charged arginine 66 plays no significant role in the function of the NLS. In addition, we examined the nuclear export mechanism of cutaneous HPV8 E7 protein and showed that it has a leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES) in its C-terminal domain that is recognized by the CRM1 nuclear export receptor. These studies are essential for understanding the nucleocytoplasmic traffic of cutaneous HPV8 E7 protein. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Biology.

Thesis advisor: Junona Moroianu / Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been estimated to be the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. In addition to condyloma accuminata, infection of the squamous basal epithelium by high-risk HPVs, notably type 16 (HPV16), has been shown to be the primary etiological agent in the majority of cervical carcinomas. The E7 major transforming protein of HPV16, along with E6, has been linked to tumorigenesis and malignancy. While the E7 protein itself possesses no enzymatic activity, its ability to bind a number of nuclear and cytoplasmic targets subverts a variety of cellular regulatory complexes and facilitates viral replication. Previous studies in the Moroianu Lab have shown the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein to translocate across the nuclear pore complex (NPC) in a facilitated manner dependent on a non-canonical, c-terminal, nuclear localization signal (cNLS) for import, and a consensus leucine-rich nuclear export sequence (NES) for export (28). While the leucine-rich NES has been characterized, a full examination of the cNLS has yet to be performed. Here we present evidence that the karyopherin independent nuclear import mediated by the cNLS of 16E7 is dependent on its c-terminal Zn binding domain. Furthermore, we demonstrate that nuclear import is mediated by the direct interaction of a small patch of hydrophobic residues, 65LRLCV69, with the FG domain of the central FG-nucleoporin Nup62. In addition, we examined a potential regulatory mechanism of 16E7 nucleocytoplasmic translocation. Previous work has shown that a serine conserved in the high-risk HPVs at position 71 is phosphorylated by an unknown kinase. Here we present evidence that while phosphorylation of S71 is not required for either 16E7 nuclear localization or nuclear export in HeLa cells, mimicking phosphorylation of the S71 residue results in a statistically significant shift in the distribution of localization phenotypes of the resultant cell population toward a larger percentage exhibiting more nuclear localization. These data suggest that nucleocytoplasmic transport of 16E7 is, at least in part, a regulated process. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2013. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Biology.

O carcinoma do colo uterino é um dos tumores mais freqüentes entre as mulheres e o principal fator de risco para o desenvolvimento desta neoplasia é a infecção persistente por tipos de papilomavírus humano (HPV) de alto risco oncogênico. Dentre estes, o HPV-16 é o mais comumente encontrado em lesões de alto grau e carcinoma. HPV cujas seqüências nucleotídicas diferem em até 2% são classificados como variantes de um mesmo tipo, e algumas destas variações genômicas levam a mudanças de aminoácidos em proteínas virais, em regiões potencialmente antigênicas. Além de variações antigênicas, o polimorfismo das moléculas HLA de classe II, responsáveis pela apresentação de antígenos às células T, também pode influenciar a resposta imune. Alguns estudos já descreveram associações entre alelos HLA e risco de câncer do colo do útero e infecção pelo HPV. Este projeto visa avaliar se existem diferenças na distribuição de alelos HLA entre pacientes com carcinoma do colo uterino portadoras de diferentes variantes de HPV-16 e mulheres sem câncer. Foram utilizados 112 casos de carcinoma do colo do útero positivos para presença de DNA de HPV-16 e 257 controles. Em todas as amostras do estudo foram realizadas as tipagens dos genes HLA-DRB1 e DQB1. A caracterização dos genes E6 e L1 de variantes de HPV-16 foi realizada nos 112 casos através de PCR-SSO e permitiu a identificação de infecções por uma única variante de HPV-16 em 89 amostras. Dentre elas foram encontradas variantes européias, asiático-americanas e africanas. A magnitude da associação entre os grupos HLA e as variantes de HPV-16 foi estimada através do cálculo de Odds Ratio e respectivo intervalo de confiança de 95%. Uma associação negativa entre DQB1*05 e câncer do colo do útero portadores de HPV-16 foi descrita anteriormente nesta amostra. Nosso estudo mostrou que esta associação pode ser atribuída as portadoras de variantes não-européias. A associação positiva de DRB1*15 mostrou ser maior entre portadoras de variantes européias que nãoeuropéias. Apesar do pequeno número de casos portadores de variantes africanas, foram encontradas associações positivas com DRB1*0701 e DQB1*0201. O polimorfismo da posição 350 do gene E6, descrito anteriormente como associado a risco de persistência de HPV, também foi avaliado: entre portadores de 350T, que codifica o aminoácido leucina, encontrou-se um efeito protetor dos alelos DRB1*04 e DQB1*0302. Uma maior freqüência de DRB1*15 foi observada entre portadores de variantes 350T quando comparada à freqüência nos controles. Nossos resultados sugerem que a associação entre alelos HLA de classe II e risco de câncer do colo do útero é influenciada pela distribuição de variantes de HPV-16 numa população determinada. / Cervical cancer is one of the most frequent tumor among women and the major risk factor for the development of this neoplasia is persistent infection with high risk oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Among these, HPV-16 is the commonest type found in high grade lesions and carcinoma. HPV with less than 2% of divergence in nucleotide sequence are classified as variants of a given type, and these genomic variations can lead to changes in potentially antigenic regions. Besides these antigenic variations, polymorphism of HLA class li molecules, responsible for antigen presentation to T cells, can also influence the immune response. Several studies showed associations between HLA class II polymorphism and risk of cervical cancer and HPV infection. The aim of this study is to investigate if there are differences in the HLA class II alleles distribution between women with invasive cervical cancer (ICC) that harbor different HPV-16 variant and women without cancer. We analyzed 112 HPV-16 positive cases of cervical carcinoma and 257 controls. AII the samples had their HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 genes previously typed. HPV-16 variants in 112 ICC samples were characterized for E6 and L1 genes by PCR-SSO and allowed the identification of infections by single variants in 89 samples. European, Asian-American and African variants were found. The magnitude of association between HLA markers and HPV-16 variants was measured by Odds Ratios (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI). A negative association between DQB1*05 and HPV-16 positive ICC was previously described in this sample. Our study showed that it may be attributed to non-European variants carriers. The positive association of DRB1*15 was higher for women harboring European than non-European variants. In spite of the small number of women carrying African variants, positive association was found with DRB1*0701-DQB1*0201. The E6 gene polymorphism at residue 350, previously described as associated with risk of HPV persistence, was also investigated: among ICC carrying 350T, that code for leucine, we found a protective effect of DRB1*04-DQB1 *0302 haplotype. A higher frequency of DRB1*15 was found among carriers of 350T variants as compared to controls. Our results suggest that the association between HLA class II polymorphism and risk of invasive cervical cancer is influenced by the distribution of HPV-16 variants in a given population.

by Ka-chun Yiu. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1989. / Bibliography: leaves 162-192.

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-09-12T19:35:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WalnaRamos.pdf: 1885249 bytes, checksum: a716015a5d512aaba735cf4af13d0e13 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-12T19:35:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WalnaRamos.pdf: 1885249 bytes, checksum: a716015a5d512aaba735cf4af13d0e13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-28 / Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiologic agent of one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). According to the oncogenic potential, it is classified in low risk and high risk; high risk subtypes cause lesions that may progress to invasive carcinomas and has been recognized as a possible etiologic agent in penile carcinoma. Brazil has one of the highest incidences of penile cancer in the world. The general objective of this work is associate HPV infection with the histopathological profile of squamous cell carcinomas in patients from the State of Maranhão. This is a prospective analytical study of 29 samples of patients who underwent penectomy surgery at the Aldenora Bello Institute of Oncology of Maranhão. Sociodemographic data were collected through a questionnaire applied to the patients, clinical and histopathological data were collected from the medical records. Tumor samples were collected during penectomy surgeries, and the following steps were performed at the laboratory: DNA extraction and quantification, Nested PCR with PGMY and GP + primers for HPV detection, visualization of amplified products, purification of the PCR product and automated sequencing. The sequencing products were decoded through the BLAST program. Data were analyzed through the SPSS statistical program, with a 5% level of significance. It was observed that the majority of the men were over 60 years of age (69%), had stable marital union (75.9%), family income of up to one minimum wage (75.9%), were illiterate (55. 2%), lived in countryside towns (79.3%), reported using tobacco at some moment in their lives (62%). Regarding sexual habits, 62.1% reported not having performed circumcision, 41.4% had a previous STD, 72.4% had never used a condom, 48.3% had the first intercourse before age 18. The presence of HPV was detected in 69% of the cases, among the viral types, HPV 16 was the most prevalent (55.5%). Regarding to lesion, 51.7% of the cases presented more than one affected region, and the glans was affected in 93.1% of the cases. The most prevalent type of lesion was ulceration (51.7%). Among the histopathological classifications, 41.4% of the samples were classified in degree I of the Broders scale, 27.7% in stage T1 of the TNM staging and according to the Jackson classification, both stages I and II presented the same prevalence, 27.6% of samples. There was no statistically significant difference between the variables evaluated and the presence of HPV. Low education, low income and no circumcision were highly observed in the study, being possible to correlate such variables with the increase of the risk of penile cancer development. The presence of HPV in 69% of the samples and the prevalence of high risk subtypes suggest the need for more actions to prevent the spread of HPV over the population / O papilomavírus humano (HPV) é o agente etiológico de umas das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (ISTs) mais comuns. É classificado de acordo com o potencial oncogênico em baixo risco e alto risco, os subtipos de alto risco causam lesões que podem progredir para carcinomas invasivos e vem sendo reconhecido como possível agente etiológico no carcinoma peniano. O Brasil tem uma das maiores incidências de câncer de pênis do mundo. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é associar a infecção do HPV com o perfil histopatológico de carcinomas epidermóides penianos em pacientes do Estado do Maranhão. Trata-se de um estudo analítico prospectivo de 29 amostras de pacientes que foram submetidos a cirurgia de penectomia no Instituto Maranhense de Oncologia Aldenora Bello. Dados sociodemográficos foram coletados através de um questionário aplicado aos paciente, os dados clínicos e histopatológicos foram coletados dos prontuários. As amostras tumorais foram coletadas durante as cirurgias de penectomia, e em laboratório foram realizadas as etapas de: extração e quantificação do DNA, PCR Nested com os primers PGMY e GP+ para detecção do HPV, visualização dos produtos amplificados, purificação do produto da PCR e sequenciamento automatizado. Os produtos do sequenciamento foram decodificados através do programa BLAST. Os dados foram analisados através do programa estatístico SPSS, o nível de significância foi de 5%. Foi observado que a maioria dos homens estava na faixa etária acima de 60 anos (69%), apresentavam união conjugal estável (75,9%), renda familiar de até um salário mínimo (75,9%), eram analfabetos (55,2%), residiam em municípios do interior do Estado (79,3%), relataram o uso de tabaco em algum momento da vida (62%). Em relação aos hábitos sexuais, 62,1% relataram não ter realizado circuncisão, 41,4 % a ocorrência de DST prévia, 72,4% nunca fizeram uso de preservativo, 48,3% tiveram o 1º coito antes dos 18 anos. A presença de HPV foi detectada em 69% dos casos, dentre os tipos virais, o HPV 16 foi o mais prevalente (55,5%). Em relação a lesão, 51,7% dos casos apresentou mais de uma região afetada, estando a glande afetada em 93,1% dos casos. O tipo de lesão mais prevalente foi a do tipo ulceração (51,7%). Dentre as classificações histopatológicas, 41,4% das amostras foram classificadas no grau I da escala de Broders, 27,7% no estágio T1 do estadiamento TNM e na classificação de Jackson, os estágios I e II apresentam a mesma prevalência, 27,6% das amostras. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as variáveis avaliadas e a presença de HPV. A baixa escolaridade, a baixa renda e a não circuncisão foram observados no estudo com um percentual elevado, sendo possível correlacionar tais variáveis com o aumento no risco de desenvolvimento do câncer de pênis. A presença de HPV em 69% das amostras e a prevalências dos subtipos de alto risco sugerem a necessidade de mais ações de prevenção da disseminação desse vírus na população.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Purpose: High risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is well established as a causative agent of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the orophaynx. HR-HPV has also been reported in periocular cancers and precancers, but controversy exists about its overall incidence and clinicopathologic profile. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of HR-HPV infection in periocular cancers and precancers, using multiple methods of detection. Design: Retrospective observational case series with laboratory investigations. Methods: Sequential surgical samples of 87 carcinomas (invasive SCC, SCC in situ and sebaceous carcinoma) from three different periocular sites (conjunctiva, lacrimal sac and the eyelid) diagnosed over a 15-year period (2000-2015) were selected for evaluation. Unstained paraffin sections of 87 cases of periocular carcinomas were analyzed with immunohistochemistry (IHC) for p16 as a screening test. p16 positive conjunctival- and lacrimal sac SCC were further evaluated for HR-HPV using DNA in situ hybridization (DNA ISH), and a subset was also analyzed by DNA Polymerase Chain Reaction (DNA PCR). p16 positive periocular sebaceous carcinomas (SC) were analyzed with PCR, and a subset of 18cases was further studied with a novel method of mRNA ISH, an advanced technique with an enhanced sensitivity and specificity. Relevant patient clinical information was obtained from review of the electronic medical records.