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This research has arisen from recent changes in attitudes to offshore safety. To help demonstrate structural safety to the Health and Safety Executive, operators are increasingly using structural system reliability assessments. While significant developments have been achieved in this area, there are still a number of uncertainties associated with such assessments. Unresolved technical issues also introduce significant variability in the results. The aim of this project is to develop a framework for system reliability, which will set a basis for moving towards more consistent reliability assessments. An extensive review study was undertaken first to establish the state of the art in the area of structure system reliability analysis of offshore structures. Based on the findings of this study, a generic system reliability framework was developed which was then developed further for specific application to fixed offshore platforms. These initial studies identified some of the key technical issues that required further investigation. The subsequent offshore application and sensitivity study, using a representative fixed platform model, concentrated on these issues and in particular on the effects of foundation parameters on ultimate strength and their interaction with other key parameters in determining the resistance function. The effect of foundation parameters and different modelling methods on system strength and reliability of fixed offshore platforms, which has largely been neglected in the past, was also investigated. The response surface methodology was developed for system reliability assessment of offshore structures incorporating the effect of foundation reliability. The findings were then used to revise the framework and provide more comprehensive account of key steps in the process of system reliability assessment. Some guidelines on the application of the response surface technique to fixed platform assessment were developed. In addition, an initial screening tool was also proposed for assessing the level of complexity required for the resistance model of the reliability assessment. The presentation of the reliability framework provides a comprehensive account of the various steps, methods and decisions associated with system reliability analysis. The framework, which can be used in both the design and reassessment of structures, can provide a basis for moving towards more consistent reliability assessments. Recommendations on areas that require further research are also presented.

Die einzellige Grünalge C. reinhardtii dient als Modellorganismus und ist aufgrund des GRAS-Status, des schnellen, kostengünstigen Wachstums und der Möglichkeit posttranslationaler Modifikationen im Kerngenom, als Expressionssystem für beispielsweise orale Impfstoffe sehr interessant. Herausforderungen sind die im Vergleich zu konventionell verwendeten Expressionssystemen sehr geringen Expressionsraten im Kerngenom. Daher sollten in dieser Arbeit neuartige, teils induzierbare, Promotorkonstrukte verwendet und mittels Luciferase-Reporter auf ihre Expressionssteigerung hin getestet werden. Zunächst wurden ausgewählte Promotoren des Chlorella-Virus-1 (PBCV-1) gewählt, diese führten allerdings zu keiner Expression. Außerdem wurden synthetische, aneinandergereihte Hitzeschockelemente mit dem endogenen RBCS2-Promotor fusioniert und die Expressionsraten analysiert. Dabei ergab sich bei der Kombination aus dem synthetischen Hitzeschockelement in achtfacher Wiederholung (HSE8x) mit RBCS2 nach der Hitzeinduktion eine Steigerung der Expressionsrate um das bis zu dreifache. Die Basalexpression war hierbei bei HSE1x-RBCS2 am höchsten und erreichte Expressionslevels, welche um das fünffache höher lagen als die Positivkontrolle HSP70A-RBCS2. Mittels Chromatinimmunopräzipitation mit dem Antikörper gegen HSF1 konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine Bindung an das synthetische Hitzeschockelement vorliegt und deshalb die Expression über die konventionelle Hitzeschockantwort in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii funktioniert. Im Gegensatz zur Luciferase benötigen Fluoreszenzproteine als Reporter kein Substrat. Infolge dieses Vorteils und der Möglichkeiten der FACS-Analyse und Fluoreszenzmikroskopie wurde tagRFP als neuer Reporter in C. reinhardtii etabliert. Die Erhöhung der Expressionsrate durch neue Promotorkombinationen und die Anwendung von tagRFP als neuen Fluoreszenzreporter bedeuten wichtige Schritte in der Etablierung von C.reinhardtii als Expressionssystem für Produkte in der Biotechnologie. / The unicellular green alga C.reinhardtii which is used as a model organism could be an interesting expression system for oral vaccines. This is because the alga is generally regarded as safe, it shows fast growth rates and culturing is cheap. Furthermore it offers the possibility of posttranslational modifications. Challenges lie in the low expression rates in the nuclear genome when compared to other expression systems. Therefore the first step in this work was to test whether selected Chlorella virus PBCV-1 promoters, do lead to enhanced expression rates, but there was no detectable expression. Furthermore synthetic repeats of heat shock elements were used in combination with the endogenous RBCS2-promoter and analysed for expression rates via reporter measurements. The combination of synthetic heat shock elements in eightfold repeats in combination with RBCS2 enhanced expression rates of luciferase after heat shock up to threefold in comparison with the up to now strongest known promoter combination HSP70A-RBCS2. Basalexpression turned out to be best for the HSE1x-RBCS2 promoter and reached expression levels fivefold higher compared to HSP70A-RBCS2. To examine if the artificial heat shock elements (HSEs) are bound by the heat shock factor 1 in C. reinhardtii a ChIP assay with HSE8x-RBCS2 and the antibody of HSF1 of C. reinhardtii was done. It could be shown that HSF1 binds HSEs and therefore one can explain the heat shock inducibility of HSEs is regulated via the conserved heat shock response. In contrast to luciferase fluorescence reporters do not need substrate. Because of this advantage and the possibility of FACS analyses and fluorescence microscopy tagRFP was established as new reporter in C.reinhardtii. Enhancement of expression rates through new constitutive and inducible promoter combinations and the possible use of tagRFP as new fluorescence reporter are significant steps in establishing C.reinhardtii as expression system for products in biotechnology.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T18:55:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Anadete.pdf: 307999 bytes, checksum: e6bbc3c27624f68c7b4b903747b37547 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-14 / This study deals with the process of democratization of the Hospital Carlos Macieira (HCM) and its reverberations in hospital medical care provided to public servants of the state of Maranhão. We analyze the characteristics of the so-called New Public Management in Brazil and the changes that occurred in the process of organizing the management of the Hospital Carlos Macieira, as well as the process that was funded by the National Program for Publicization (PNP) and consists of the transfer of enforcement social policies, inserted in calling "nonstate public" sector. Draw up its features and contours in the management of Pro-Health. We analyze these measures as part of the reform of the Brazilian state apparatus that extends up to Maranhão and the other states of the federation as a solution to fiscal crisis announced by the Federal Government in the 1990s. / Este estudo trata do processo de publicização do Hospital Carlos Macieira (HCM) e seus rebatimentos na assistência médico-hospitalar prestada aos servidores públicos do estado do Maranhão. Analisam-se as características da chamada Nova Administração Pública no Brasil e as mudanças que ocorreram no processo de organização da gestão do Hospital Carlos Macieira, bem como o processo que foi viabilizado através do Programa Nacional de Publicização (PNP) e consiste na transferência de execução de políticas sociais, inseridas no chamando setor público não estatal . Traçam-se suas características e contornos na gestão da Pró-Saúde. Analisam-se tais medidas como parte da Reforma dos Aparelhos de Estado Brasileiro que se estende até ao Maranhão e aos demais estados da federação como saída à crise fiscal anunciada pelo Governo Federal na década de 1990.

The oil and gas industry in Libya has suffered a number of health and safety accidents including environmental disasters due to the nature of the work involved and the hazardous materials it handles in all facets of exploration and production. Such issues have hitherto not received due attention by the Libyan Authorities. The fact that strict HSE assessment standards are neither well-defined nor established in Libya is not helpful. Furthermore, oil and gas industry in new free Libya has suffered immensely during the 2011 Arab Spring and its rebuilding poses a number of critical HSE challenges. The purpose of the research is to develop and validate a HSE Performance Review Methodology for Libyan oil and gas industry based on clearly defined and measurable aspects for assessment. The thesis starts by performing a comprehensive literature review on all aspects of HSE including universal standards. The review indicates that there is a gap in respect of semi-qualitative methods for assessing HSE performance commensurate with other disciplines. The thesis then identifies four key research problems in the context of Libyan oil and gas industries. Based on these problems, an empirical research was conducted and included three distinct Stages. Stage 1 consisted of a pilot study based on an interview questionnaire with 15 experienced HSE professionals working in oil and gas companies in Libya to help identify key issues pertaining to HSE assessment. Data analysis results for Stage 2 have been used to derive a list of 12 main groups of HSE questions which have then been tested on 84 HSE professionals working in Libya stemming from 35 medium and large oil and gas companies. Modal distribution analyses have been performed to scope down the number of HSE performance factors, which would then be used in Stage 3 of the empirical research. This consisted of issuing the same 84 interviewees with a questionnaire requesting their assessment of how Critical, Important and Less Important were the 60 factors identified. Central Tendency, Variation Ratios and Indices of Diversity were used to successfully analyse the data. With the QAA Subject Review in mind as a potential model for the sought methodology, and a mapping of the four research problems with data analysis results from Stages 1, 2 and 3; six HSE Performance Review Aspects emerged: Prevention, Surveillance, Response, Achievements, Resource and HSE Management and Enhancement – judged and graded using a 1 to 4 scale. The HSE Performance Review methodology has been validated by direct application to five comprehensive studies starting from the self-assessment document written by the companies, an extensive review visit by peer-assessors and a final report showing grades, benchmarks and shortcomings. Lessons learned from the validation exercise have been used to revise the definition of the six Aspects and used to propose an appropriate implementation plan in Libya. The results of the validation exercise are very encouraging and readily confirm that the methodology can be applied to other industry sectors.

The aim of this work is the suggestion of introducing new tools of internal control, preparation and formulation of its questions and proposal of the procedure for the control evaluation including economical evaluation. Considered control tools are meant especially to evaluate the areas of quality, health and safety and personnel’s readiness to perform work. In order to do so, the assembly of the implementation team will be introduced as well as plan of the implementation of controls, and assess of the costs of implementation will be made. Parts of this work will be consulted with the management of LISI Automotive FORM, PLC, so the results of the master’s thesis can be effectively used in practice.

Inclusive Education refers to the responsibility of the government and educational institutions of each country for the training and qualification of children and young people with disabilities, respecting the different types of differences. In this process of inclusion, two factors are important in addition to government actions: 1) the students' socio-emotional abilities (HSE), which will guarantee possibilities for inclusive innovation; and 2) the family, which plays an important role, the first interpersonal relationships and therefore where learning begins. HSE, when conducted properly, prepares the individual to seek what he desires, to solve daily situations, to discern behaviors and decisions, to establish goals, among other positions that collaborate for his personal growth, as well as his community. However, sometimes, in order to protect and care for the disabled, the family eventually creates impasses that hinder the development of certain skills and abilities important to life in society. In view of the above, we outline the general objective of identifying and describing the HSE of a licentiate with a disability in the biology course at the Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), understanding possible influences of the student's family in the construction of these skills. This is a research of exploratory nature, with qualitative approach performed through the single case study method. It takes place in the Biology Department (DBI) of UFS and as subjects of the research we have a disabled student with proper enrollment, a relative of the student (mother), a teacher in the course and the interpreter of Brazilian Language of Signals (LIBRAS), conferring a total of four subjects. For the data collection we used the semi-structured interview and for the analysis of the same, we adopted the Discursive Textual Analysis proposed in Moraes and Galiazzi (2014). The results indicate that the family of the licensee consulted acts to balance their influences between the incentive and the overprotection, and there are also reports of some scenes of prejudice, coming from relatives outside the family nucleus. Among her relatives, her mother seems to be the greatest motivator, and this can be one of the factors that contributes to the autonomy of the student throughout the process of inclusion. As for inclusion in the university, the interviewees report some difficulties, which become barriers, such as the prejudice and resistance of some colleagues and teachers throughout the course, however these barriers were and are being transposed by the student, and to this we can relate some HSE identified, such as autonomy, self-regulation, perseverance, organization, self-control and responsibility, which have been and are being developed both due to the influence of the family context and the academic life itself. We consider, therefore, that the family exerts influence in the construction of HSE of the licensee, and that these HSE are closely linked to the development of the student along the process of inclusion, and later formation. / A Educação Inclusiva refere-se à responsabilidade do governo e das instituições de ensino de cada país com a formação e qualificação das crianças e jovens com deficiência, respeitando os diversos tipos de diferenças. Nesse processo de inclusão, três fatores são importantes, além das ações governamentais: 1) as habilidades socioemocionais (HSE) dos estudantes, que lhe garantirão possibilidades de inovação inclusiva e 2) a família, que desempenha papel importante, pois é no lar onde ocorre as primeiras relações interpessoais e por consequência onde o aprendizado começa, e também a formação dos professores que ao estarem mais preparados e dispostos a auxiliar no processo de inclusão podem auxiliar aos alunos com deficiência nesta fase importante de suas vidas. As HSE quando conduzidas adequadamente, preparam o indivíduo para buscar o que deseja, resolver situações cotidianas, discernir comportamentos e decisões, estabelecer metas, entre outras posturas que colaboram para o seu crescimento pessoal, assim como da sua comunidade. Contudo, por vezes, no intuito de proteger e cuidar da pessoa com deficiência, a família acaba por criar impasses que dificultam o desenvolvimento de determinadas competências e habilidades importantes para a vida em sociedade. Diante do exposto delimitamos como objetivo geral identificar e descrever as HSE de uma licencianda com deficiência do curso de licenciatura em biologia da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), compreendendo possíveis influências da família dessa aluna na construção destas habilidades. Esta é uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa realizada através do método estudo de caso único. Ela ocorre no Departamento de Biologia (DBI) da UFS e como sujeitos da pesquisa temos uma aluna com deficiência devidamente matricula, um familiar da aluna (mãe), uma professora no curso e a intérprete de Língua Brasileiras de Sinais (LIBRAS), conferindo um total de quatro sujeitos. Para a coleta de dados utilizamos a entrevista semiestruturada e para a análise dos mesmo, adotamos a Análise Textual Discursiva proposta em Moraes e Galiazzi (2014). Os resultados apontam que a família da licencianda consultada atua equilibrando suas influencias entre o incentivo e a superproteção, havendo também relatos de algumas cenas de preconceito, advindos de parentes de fora do núcleo familiar. Dentre seus familiares sua mãe, parece ser a maior motivadora, e isto pode ser um dos fatores que colabora para a autonomia da aluna ao longo de seu processo de inclusão. Quanto à inclusão na universidade as entrevistadas relatam algumas dificuldades, que se transformam em barreiras, como o preconceito e a resistência de alguns colegas e professores ao longo do curso, contudo estas barreiras foram e estão sendo transpostas pela aluna, e a isto podemos relacionar algumas HSE identificadas, como autonomia, autorregulação, perseverança, organização, autocontrole e responsabilidade, as quais foram e estão sendo desenvolvidas tanto devido a influência do contexto familiar, quanto da própria vida acadêmica. Consideramos, portanto, que a família exerce influência na construção de HSE da licencianda, e que estas HSE estão intimamente ligadas ao desenvolvimento da aluna ao longo do processo de inclusão, e posterior formação. / São Cristóvão, SE

The present work aims to expand the possibilities of PD 3 control strategies implementation and to evaluate, in a practical way, different strategies of fuzzy logic application in the control of processes of a didactic plant (PD 3). This was accomplished by adding fuzzy control strategies to the conventional industrial control strategies with which the PD 3 system is factory configured. The conventional strategies use PID controllers and its variations (P, PI and PD) which parameters are preset and "implanted" in the instruments. Three fuzzy control strategies were performed with temperature as the main process variable to be controlled and flow as the secondary variable to be controlled. The first strategy was the fuzzy-PID temperature control; it was used the local PID controller of PD 3 and a strategy was developed in fuzzy logic in an external workstation, for tuning of the PID parameters in real time. The PD 3 controller acts directly on the power of the heating resistances, which is the manipulated variable. This way, the temperature was controlled in the process. The second strategy, called temperature fuzzy-PID + flow, continued using the same fuzzy-PID temperature controller but was added a fuzzy control to regulate the process flow variable. This fuzzy control was developed at the work station and directly manipulates the actuator of the intelligent water inlet control valve to the heating tank. Finally, a completely fuzzy strategy was developed to control temperature and flow variables of the process. Of the three strategies implemented, completely fuzzy controller presented the best response when observed all metrics and performance indicators. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivos ampliar as possibilidades de implementação de estratégias de controle da PD 3 e avaliar de forma prática diferentes estratégias de aplicação da lógica difusa no controle de processos de uma planta didática (PD 3). Isto foi realizado adicionando estratégias de controle difusas às estratégias convencionais de controle industrial, com as quais o sistema da PD 3 vem configurado de fábrica. As estratégias convencionais utilizam controladores do tipo PID e suas variações (P, PI e PD) cujos parâmetros são pré-ajustados e “implantados” nos instrumentos. Foram realizadas três estratégias de controle difuso com a temperatura como variável principal a controlar e a vazão como variável secundaria a controlar. A primeira estratégia foi o controle de temperatura difuso-PID, na qual foi utilizado o controlador PID local da PD 3 e foi desenvolvida uma estratégia em lógica difusa, em uma estação de trabalho externa, para a sintonia em tempo real dos parâmetros PID. O controlador da PD 3 atua diretamente sobre a potência das resistências de aquecimento, sendo esta a variável manipulada. Desta maneira se realizou o controle da temperatura no processo. A segunda estratégia, denominada temperatura difuso-PID + vazão, continuou usando o mesmo controlador de temperatura difuso-PID, mas foi adicionado um controle difuso para regular a variável vazão do processo. Este controle difuso foi desenvolvido na estação de trabalho e manipula diretamente o atuador da válvula de controle inteligente de entrada de agua ao tanque de aquecimento. Por último, foi desenvolvida uma estratégia totalmente difusa para controlar as variáveis temperatura e vazão do processo. Das três estratégias implementadas, a que apresentou melhor performance foi a do controlador totalmente difuso quando observadas as métricas e índices de desempenho.

Many south Asian countries are deficient in appropriate documentation, legislation and surveillance related to occupational health and safety (OHS). All these countries have high OHS incidence rate and labourers working in these countries are constantly exposed to occupational accidents and diseases. Although occupational accidents and work-related concerns have been in debate for a long time, no concrete moves have been taken, making situations worse and posing consistent coercions to an increasing labour force. The current research was carried out to examine the main hazards faced by construction workers in Pakistan and the response of health, safety and environment (HSE) department in plummeting these hazards and in certaining sustainability in construction companies in Pakistan. Workers working in the construction industry are incessantly bared to unsafe working conditions and have to confront several kind of hazards. This embraces exposure to sound, dust and toxic substances, issues of ergonomics, stress etc. This study employed a comprehensive fact-finding design. Data was harbored using interviews, academic articles and reports from international and national organisations. Employer, administration and labourers all lack knowledge about OHS issues in Pakistan. The majority of the labourers are unskilled, uninformed and unregistered. There are no native directives, which are coupled with both OHS and the construction industry. There is an absence of safety ethics, and neither reporting nor monitoring is conducted in the construction business. Companies see HSE issues as an economic burden which will eventually end up mounting production costs. Labourers don’t follow safety instructions; they don’t wear personal protective equipment (PPE), they reckon wearing this equipment would cause obstruction in their work and would influence their productivity. The use of PPE is essential in the construction activity, as it is considered as the last line of defence. All this has affected the construction industry tremendously collectively in terms of financial loss, human loss and image loss, and injury incidence rates have increased alarmingly. Implementation of sustainable development is a core responsibility of an HSE department. Dearth of HSE means lack of sustainability in the construction sector. Today, sustainability is an important aspect of development. It means that development should not only be economically feasable but also socially and environmentally viable both for current and future generations. There is much need to formulate new strict policy and laws or to amend old ones, laws which are effective and practical in promoting HSE and sustainability norms in the construction sector of Pakistan. The main hazards that are faced by construction workers are falling from height, lifting activity and electrocution. HSE departments play a chief role in minimizing worksite accidents and in promoting sustainable development in work settings. For ensuring sustainable practices on construction sites, HSE departments formulate integrated working policy, keeping in mind social, environmental and econmical aspects and considering inputs from all stakeholders. In addition, they look for innovative green technologies and green materials which are more environmental friendly, economical and require less energy.

The current education centered on knowledge and scientific knowledge cannot supply the training of individuals in all spheres, being necessary for a complete and effective formation, to take into account all the aspects that construct the subject, among them the social and emotional needs. This study consists of an analysis of the use of Socioemotional Skills (HSE) as a humanizing element in the evaluation of learning in science. The aim of the research was to understand the evaluation of learning and HSE from the perspective of some teachers in the field of natural sciences, and to reflect on the possibilities and difficulties of its use associated with the evaluation process. Thus, the work will answer the following question: What are the possibilities and difficulties of using an HSE approach in the evaluation process of learning? The research has a look at the qualitative approach, and as adopted instruments was based on the combination between different strategies: application of interviews and realization of workshop incorporating the HSE to the evaluation. Firstly, the work has two stages, the first one consisted of analyzing the conceptions of 11 teachers of the area of natural sciences on the evaluation of learning and HSE. Secondly, they propose to present the knowledge about HSE in education, encouraging the use of methods based on a more subjective look at the evaluation process, and finally to reflect together with the teachers about the possibilities, and difficulties of using the proposed methods. The work also shows in an initial way the importance of rethinking in the construction of a more reflective and subjective view before the student and the evaluation practice. Among the difficulties encountered by the teachers, we can mention: the positivism of Science, the technical rationality of training, the educational system that prevents the teacher from innovating, the saturation of content as an example, the reference matrix ENEM and the traditional approach built historically within education. Within this understanding, it is important to analyze what we have as positive points, and through them to gather forces for a more humanized evaluation. As points of possibility the teachers listed: the formative and continuous perspective of the evaluation, the awareness that the evaluation process is simplistic today, the reception of the difficulties of the students, the understanding of the heterogeneity of the students as complex subjects, and the possibility of allowing the student participates in pedagogical and evaluative planning to decentralize the teacher's speech and enable student protagonism. Thus, we can reflect in the recognition that the HSE must be an object of planning science classes, so that it can become part of the teaching profession. / A atual educação centrada no conhecimento e saberes científicos não consegue suprir a formação dos indivíduos em todos os âmbitos, sendo necessário para uma formação completa e eficaz, levar em consideração todos os aspectos que constroem o sujeito, dentre eles as necessidades sociais e emocionais. Esse estudo consiste em uma análise sobre a utilização das Habilidades Socioemocionais (HSE) como um elemento humanizador na avaliação da aprendizagem em Ciências. A pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender a avaliação da aprendizagem e as HSE na perspectiva de alguns docentes da área de ciências da natureza, e refletir sobre as possibilidades e dificuldades da sua utilização associada ao processo de avaliação. Assim o trabalho buscará responder a seguinte questão: Quais as possibilidades e dificuldades de utilizar no processo avaliativo da aprendizagem um olhar voltado as HSE? A pesquisa tem um olhar na abordagem qualitativa, e como instrumentos adotados se baseou na combinação entre diferentes estratégias: aplicação de entrevistas e realização de oficina incorporando as HSE à avaliação. Em suma o trabalho tem duas etapas, a primeira consistiu em analisar as concepções de 11 docentes da área de ciências da natureza acerca da avaliação da aprendizagem e as HSE. Já a segunda, propõem apresentar os conhecimentos sobre HSE na educação, incentivando a utilização de métodos baseado em um olhar mais subjetivo para o processo avaliativo, e por fim refletir junto com os docentes sobre as possibilidades e dificuldades da utilização dos métodos propostos. O trabalho mostra ainda de maneira inicial a importância de repensar na construção de um olhar mais reflexivo e subjetivo diante do aluno e da prática avaliativa. Dentre as dificuldades encontradas pelos professores, podemos citar: o positivismo da Ciência, a racionalidade técnica da formação, o sistema educativo que impede o professor de inovar, a saturação de conteúdos como exemplo a matriz de referencial ENEM e a abordagem tradicional construída historicamente dentro do âmbito educacional. Dentro desse entendimento, é importante uma análise no que temos como pontos positivos, e através deles reunir forças em busca de uma avaliação mais humanizada. Como pontos de possibilidades os professores listaram: a perspectiva formativa e contínua da avaliação, a consciência que o processo avaliativo hoje é simplista, o acolhimento das dificuldades dos alunos, a compreensão da heterogeneidade dos alunos enquanto sujeitos complexos, e a possibilidade de permitir que o aluno participe do planejamento pedagógico e avaliativo para descentralizar a fala do professor e possibilitar o protagonismo discente. Assim, podemos refletir no reconhecimento que as HSE devem se constituir em objeto de planejamento das aulas de Ciências, para que de fato possa vir a se constituir como parte do fazer docente. / São Cristóvão, SE