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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The proteoglycan perlecan regulates long bone growth through interactions with developmental proteins in the growth plate

Smith, Simone Marsha-Lee 01 June 2007 (has links)
Perlecan is the major heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) in growth plate cartilage and is critical for growth plate chondrocyte proliferation and proper skeletal development. Its core protein and attached chondroitin sulfate (CS) and heparan sulfate (HS) chains mediate interactions with many diverse proteins. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and FGF-18 are other regulators of chondrocyte proliferation in the growth plate. Additionally, FGF-18 controls the hypertrophy and cartilage vascularization necessary for endochondral ossification. The research presented in this dissertation aimed to identify known and novel perlecan-binding proteins that are endogenous to the growth plate and to characterize their interactions with perlecan. FGF-2 (known to bind HSPGs) bound to perlecan in both a cationic filtration (CAF) assay and an immunoprecipitation (IP) assay primarily via the HS chains on perlecan. When digested with chondroitinase ABC to remove its CS chains, perlecan augmented binding of FGF-2 to the FGFR-1 and FGFR-3 receptors and increased FGF-2 -stimulated proliferation in BaF3 cells expressing these FGF receptors. Thus, growth plate perlecan binds to FGF-2 by its HS chains but can only deliver FGF-2 to FGF receptors when its CS chains are removed. FGF-18 (known to bind to heparin and to heparan sulfate from some sources) bound to growth plate perlecan. This binding was unchanged by chondroitinase or heparitinase digestion of perlecan, indicating that perlecan GAGs are not involved in FGF-18 binding. FGF-18 bound equally to recombinant domains I-III of perlecan (Alt1) and to full-length perlecan purified from the growth plate. Additionally, FGF-18 bound equally to recombinant domain III of perlecan, to Alt1 and to Alt2 (a domain I-III variant with no heparan sulfate). Therefore, binding sites for FGF-18 are present in domain III of perlecan. Affinity chromatography isolated histone H3 as a perlecan-binding protein from the chondrocyte matrix. CAF assays confirmed the interaction as specific, dependent primarily on HS chains of perlecan, although CS chains and the perlecan core were also involved. Immunohistochemistry detected perlecan and histone H3 colocalized in growth plate cartilage. These results can help us better understand the growth factor-independent control that perlecan exerts on endochondral ossification and, therefore, long bone growth.
2

The Folding and Binding Partners of the Perlecan SEA Module

Diaz, Ariel 06 September 2012 (has links)
Sperm protein, enterokinase and agrin (SEA) modules are small folds within large heavily glycosylated modular proteins. Because decreased expression of SEA-containing proteins such as perlecan (PLN) can lead to diseases such as Schwartz-Jampel syndrome (SJS), characteristics of the PLN SEA module including folding, potential for autocleavage, and protein binding were studied. Sequence analyses, recombinant protein evaluation, and a yeast two-hybrid screen were used to study the PLN SEA module and compare it to the mucin (MUC) 1 SEA module. In silico modeling of the PLN SEA module demonstrated a well conserved α/β sandwich fold. Experiments with expressed proteins showed that unlike MUC1, the PLN SEA module does not autocleave. Two-hybrid screening identified four “high confidence” proteins as potential binding partners which were explored in preliminary experiments. Together, these results demonstrate that PLN SEA module is unique and its properties cannot be generalized with other SEA module proteins such as MUC1.
3

Régulation transcriptionnelle du gène HSPG2 codant pour Perlecan et son implication dans l’ostéoarthrite

Landry, Johanne 08 1900 (has links)
De récents travaux ont mis en évidence une production accrue de Perlecan au stade terminal de l’arthrose ou ostéoarthrite (OA). L’équipe du Dr Moreau a mis en évidence qu’il y a une perte d’expression du facteur de transcription Pitx1 dans l’arthrose et que ce dernier pourrait agir comme un régulateur négatif du gène HSPG2 codant pour le Perlecan. Afin d’étudier la régulation transcriptionnelle de ce gène, des fragments du promoteur proximal ont été clonés en amont du gène rapporteur luciférase et testés en transfections transitoires. Des co-transfections avec des quantités variables de pSI-mPitx1 et avec des constructions comportant des fragments de différentes régions du promoteur mHSPG2 (jusqu’à 3926 pbs en amont de l’ATG) ont démontrées une activité transcriptionnelle et une stimulation de cette activité en présence de Pitx1, avec des résultats variables selon les types cellulaires. Parallèlement, des expériences en qPCR effectuées sur des ostéoblastes dérivés de souris transgéniques surexprimant Pitx1 ont aussi démontré qu’une surexpression de Pitx1 corrèle avec une augmentation de l’expression de p53, une cible connue de Pitx1, et de Perlecan. Le lien qui existe entre Pitx1 et Perlecan est encore très méconnu et la cascade régulatrice impliquant ces deux acteurs n’est pas encore établie. Une meilleure connaissance des mécanismes qui régulent la transcription normale et pathologique du gène HSPG2 permettrait sans aucun doute une avancée dans la compréhension du développement et du rôle possible de Perlecan dans la progression de l’ostéoarthrite. / Recent work has shown an increase of Perlecan production associated with the terminal stage of osteoarthritis (OA). Dr Moreau’s team demonstrated a loss of expression of the transcription factor Pitx1 in osteoarthritis suggesting its putative role as a negative regulator of the HSPG2 gene coding for Perlecan. To study the transcriptional regulation of this gene, promoter fragments were cloned upstream of a luciferase reporter gene and tested in transient transfection assays. Co-transfections with variable quantities of pSI-mPitx1 and with constructs made with fragments of different lengths of the mHSPG2 promoter demonstrated a transcriptional activity and enhancement of this activity in presence of Pitx1, with variable results depending on cell types. In addition, expression analysis by qPCR on transgenic mice osteoblasts that overexpress Pitx1 showed that the overexpression of Pitx1 correlates with an augmentation of p53, a known Pitx1 target and Perlecan expression. The link between Pitx1 and Perlecan is still poorly understood and a clear pathway involving those two players is not yet established. A better understanding of mechanisms regulating normal and pathological transcription of the HSPG2 gene encoding for Perlecan would allow a better comprehension of osteoarthritis development and the putative role of Perlecan in its progression.
4

Régulation transcriptionnelle du gène HSPG2 codant pour Perlecan et son implication dans l’ostéoarthrite

Landry, Johanne 08 1900 (has links)
De récents travaux ont mis en évidence une production accrue de Perlecan au stade terminal de l’arthrose ou ostéoarthrite (OA). L’équipe du Dr Moreau a mis en évidence qu’il y a une perte d’expression du facteur de transcription Pitx1 dans l’arthrose et que ce dernier pourrait agir comme un régulateur négatif du gène HSPG2 codant pour le Perlecan. Afin d’étudier la régulation transcriptionnelle de ce gène, des fragments du promoteur proximal ont été clonés en amont du gène rapporteur luciférase et testés en transfections transitoires. Des co-transfections avec des quantités variables de pSI-mPitx1 et avec des constructions comportant des fragments de différentes régions du promoteur mHSPG2 (jusqu’à 3926 pbs en amont de l’ATG) ont démontrées une activité transcriptionnelle et une stimulation de cette activité en présence de Pitx1, avec des résultats variables selon les types cellulaires. Parallèlement, des expériences en qPCR effectuées sur des ostéoblastes dérivés de souris transgéniques surexprimant Pitx1 ont aussi démontré qu’une surexpression de Pitx1 corrèle avec une augmentation de l’expression de p53, une cible connue de Pitx1, et de Perlecan. Le lien qui existe entre Pitx1 et Perlecan est encore très méconnu et la cascade régulatrice impliquant ces deux acteurs n’est pas encore établie. Une meilleure connaissance des mécanismes qui régulent la transcription normale et pathologique du gène HSPG2 permettrait sans aucun doute une avancée dans la compréhension du développement et du rôle possible de Perlecan dans la progression de l’ostéoarthrite. / Recent work has shown an increase of Perlecan production associated with the terminal stage of osteoarthritis (OA). Dr Moreau’s team demonstrated a loss of expression of the transcription factor Pitx1 in osteoarthritis suggesting its putative role as a negative regulator of the HSPG2 gene coding for Perlecan. To study the transcriptional regulation of this gene, promoter fragments were cloned upstream of a luciferase reporter gene and tested in transient transfection assays. Co-transfections with variable quantities of pSI-mPitx1 and with constructs made with fragments of different lengths of the mHSPG2 promoter demonstrated a transcriptional activity and enhancement of this activity in presence of Pitx1, with variable results depending on cell types. In addition, expression analysis by qPCR on transgenic mice osteoblasts that overexpress Pitx1 showed that the overexpression of Pitx1 correlates with an augmentation of p53, a known Pitx1 target and Perlecan expression. The link between Pitx1 and Perlecan is still poorly understood and a clear pathway involving those two players is not yet established. A better understanding of mechanisms regulating normal and pathological transcription of the HSPG2 gene encoding for Perlecan would allow a better comprehension of osteoarthritis development and the putative role of Perlecan in its progression.

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