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The relationship between employer and employee is, from a judicial point of view, governed primarily by economic and employment contracts. However, a significant part of the dynamic is also dictated by tacit expectations and promises (so called psychological contracts). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived organizational support (POS) and psychological contract violation. Primary hypothesis assumed that there was a correlation between higher perceived organizational support and a reduction of feelings of violation from psychological contract breach. It was also assumed that employment time, sex and past breach experiences correlated with feelings of violation. Surveys were used to gather empirical data. Respondents consisted of 62 municipal employees, mainly in the education sector. Results showed a moderate relationship between POS and feelings of violation. No other significant correlations were found. This paper therefore argues for the importance of promoting good organizational support to its employees, which ultimately also improves organizational well-being and efficiency. Keywords: Work, organizational, psychology, human resource management, HR, psychological contract, organizational support, emotions, affects.

I alla turismföretag har de anställda en av de viktigaste rollerna i verksamheten. Den produkt som turismföretag säljer skapas i möten mellan gäster och en eller flera anställda. I de mötena skapas inte bara produkten utan det är också då som gästerna värderar produkten och företaget. Betalande gäster är de enda som skapar intäkter för ett turismföretag, vilket gör att det är ytterst viktigt att de här mötena blir positivt värderade av dem. Det är upp till företagen att se till att deras anställda presterar på toppen av sin förmåga i varje möte med gästerna. När en hög servicekvalitet erbjuds gästerna blir de mer nöjda vilket gynnar företaget och i sin tur även kan leda till att de anställda blir mer motiverade i sitt arbete. Vi har intervjuat fyrapersoner som arbetar med rekrytering av säsongsanställda i fyra olika turismföretag inom Kalmar-Ölandregionen. För att kunna besvara uppsatsens syfte diskuterade vi rekrytering, utbildning och motivation av säsongsanställda med dem. Det är lika viktigt att under lågsäsong skapa förutsättningar för hög servicekvalitet som det är att erbjuda gästerna det under högsäsong. I arbetet med förberedelserna kan en bra grund skapas utifrån Human Resource Management. Det är något som hela verksamheten ska genomsyras av, från rekrytering via utbildning till arbetets utformning. Grunden för rekrytering är att rätt människor med rätt kvaliteter väljs ut till rätt arbetsuppgift. Vårarespondenter anser att det är svårt att enbart genom ansökningar och intervjuer veta om det kan bli en passande anställd. Alla anser dock att det är något de har blivit bättre på med tiden. Är alla förberedelser utförda inför högsäsongen förenklas arbetet med att motivera de anställda så att de erbjuder gästerna en hög servicekvalitet. Ett sätt att påverka de anställdasarbetssituation är genom empowerment. Då får de anställda ett visst ansvar för att lättare kunna bemöta gästerna och höja företagets servicekvalitet. Våra respondenter använder olika sätt att motivera sina säsongsanställda och anser att de i många fall inte motiverar medvetet även om deras handlingar fungerar motiverande.

HRM is an important issue whether companies are successful or not in the global market. Many authors have different views on how important culture and local factors are and to what extent it should be taken into consideration when managing units. Taylor et al (1996) state that companies can use three different approaches of HRM: adaptive, integrative or exportive. Considering whether or not culture is a factor taken into consideration when shaping HRM in two different affiliates, three hypotheses were formulated: Hypothesis 1: Culture and local aspects are to a large extent taken into consideration when shaping Human Resource Management. Hypothesis 2: Culture and local aspects are to some extent taken into consideration when shaping Human Resource Management. Hypothesis 3: Culture and local aspects are not taken into consideration when shaping Human Resource Management. Our purpose is to confirm or reject the formulated hypotheses by identifying, analyzing and comparing the shaping of HRM in Carrier Refrigeration in Ingelstad (Sweden) and in Jászárokszállás (Hungary) regarding: • how different types of responsibility are decentralized • how employees communicate • how employees are motivated & rewarded In the aspects of responsibility, communication and motivation & reward the three different approaches are seen. When each aspect is summarized the different approaches are seen as follows; responsibility shows overall an exportive approach, communication shows overall an integrative approach and motivation & reward shows overall an integrative approach. Since two of the three aspects show an integrative approach the second hypothesis (H2) is confirmed which means that the first (H1) and the third (H3) hypotheses are rejected. The hypothesis that is valid is formulated as follows: Culture and local aspects are to some extent taken into consideration when shaping Human Resource Management.

Since Brand Management and Marketing in theory mainly been focusing on the consumer market, our main purpose of this essay is to analyze how a brand also can be appealing to the labour market, to attract and engage employees. Keywords attached to our essay are, brands, recruitment, Human Resource management, theories of motivation, corporate identity, employer branding and internal marketing. The study is based on a qualitative research. Our main reason for choosing this research was to get a closer insight for the phenomen and to establish a major understanding for the subject. To get a better knowledge and to answer and fulfil our purpose we have chosen to complete eight interviews, of whom six respondents representing Service firms. To get a more general and additional insight of this phenomen we have chosen to interview two consultants with professional knowledge in traditional marketing and employer branding. The last two chapters involve the analysis and the conclusion. From our analysis it appears that the brand is seen as an important tool to investigate and control over in order to attract and retain employees. What also turned up was that the employer to a higher degree may use the values connected to the brand to create a more attractive place of work. In our final chapter we discuss the issues similar to the theory section. To get a deeper insight and for further reading we would like to refer the reader to this chapter.

This study of Taiwanese managers in overseas subsidiaries, the appointment of high thinking, because the layout of Taiwan businessmen in the world of enterprise, both in Europe and the United States or in mainland China and other places, almost all of its subsidiaries responsible for the nationals, rather than local nationals, and this practice with European and American foreign just the opposite. Taiwanese firms such practices, what reaction to what Taiwanese thinking. This study uses the case interview, a total of three Taiwanese high-end interview with a foreign manager, general manager for content analysis. The results showed that Taiwanese business culture heritage importance, that have a common intellectual culture can communicate seamlessly. Second, is the head of Taiwan to overseas subsidiaries as a reward for a job, people who have contributed to the company to get this position, the third, a complete financial system, local Taiwanese that if appointments to subsidiary responsible person, then the completeness of the financial system is essential, however, that this problem of foreign production, but also Taiwan's accounting system is the result of lack of transparency. Finally, Taiwan's Pan-Familism and views on human nature as "human nature is evil," the basic assumption that all is to allow Taiwan businessmen in overseas subsidiaries, the appointment of responsible persons, who take the nationality of the reasons for this appointment.

This study investigates influence of relative dominance in human resource management (HRM) of dispatched enterprises and user enterprises on dispatched worker¡¦s cognition of employer liability. Hopefully, this study could serve as basis for management in dispatched enterprise and user enterprises.Questionnaires were administered to Taiwanese dispatched workers to study relationships among and influence of individual variables (as control variable), HRM in user enterprises and dispatched enterprises (recruitment, training, compensation and benefits and performance appraisal as independent variable) and employees¡¦ cognition of employer liability (as dependent variable). Results show that relative dominance in HRM of user enterprises and dispatched enterprises dictate employees¡¦ cognition of employer liability. Dispatched workers have higher cognition of employer liability for dispatched firms when dispatched enterprises are of high dominance in HRM. On the other hand, dispatched workers have higher cognition of employer liability for user enterprises when user enterprises are of high dominance in HRM. In addition to relative dominance in HRM, positions that dispatched workers occupy also significantly influence cognition of employer liability: dispatched workers who hold professional jobs have higher cognition of employer liability toward dispatched enterprises.

Facing ecological credit shortage, eco-awareness all over the world, entrepreneurs should make ¡§greening¡¨ the crucial mission, and take its development as a competitive advantage. Briefly, entrepreneurs have to behalf as corporate citizens and work on social responsibility. Connecting the environment protection with business profit increases the value of stockholders and creates the value of stakeholders as well. This research focus on how the practice of greening creates business sustainable value, the effects from executives¡¦ attitude and leadership style on business greening and how the human resource department participate greening. Case study method was using in this research. By taking with 7 entrepreneurs remarkable in greening, after analysis, there are 7 issues found in this study. 1.Four business greening strategies: there are energy saving and carbon emission reduction strategy, innovative strategy, stakeholders response strategy and blue ocean strategy to create business sustainable value. 2.The executives¡¦environmental attitudes have the positive effects on business greening strategy and sustainable value. 3.The leadership style of CEO effects business sustainable value. 4.Under the strategy of energy saving and carbon emission reduction, the policies of human resource are encouraging all employees take part and building the mechanism of employees participate, combining with rewarding system. These give the positive effects on business sustainable value. 5.Under the strategy of innovation, human resource policies are emphasizing on recruitment and training, creating an innovative atmosphere in organization and inspiring innovation by team work. These give the positive effects on business sustainable value. 6.Under the stakeholder response strategy, human resource policies are stressing on fairness, building up a tight relationship between employers and employees and setting up bi-directional communication. These give the positive effects on business sustainable value. 7.Under the blue ocean strategy, human resource policies should emphasize on investing critical technological talents and obtaining. These give the positive effects on business sustainable value.

The era of Globalization fastens the pace of corporation internationalization. National boundaries are no longer limitations for the quick transportation of people, commodities or capital all over the world. Under such circumstances, ¡§global mobility¡¨ equals ¡§competitiveness,¡¨ and the concept of ¡§Third-country Expatriation¡¨ takes place coordinately. The utilization of ¡§Third-country Nationals (TCNs)¡¨ within Multinational corporations (MNCs) stands for maturity in global development. It means MNCs already possess several well-developed overseas subsidiaries which are adequate to providing competent expatriates to become TCNs. Third-country Expatriation not only assists MNCs in expanding overseas sites, accelerating regional development, building regional talent pool, but also can be used as strategic management for MNCs to foster global talents or even business successors. Nevertheless, it¡¦s indeed a pity that there are very limited researches related to Third-country Expatriation both among domestic and foreign researchers. Both practitioners and academics have treated lightly the unique role of TCNs in the international workforce. With the growing international development of domestic MNCs and newly emerging overseas markets, the importance of Third-country Expatriation related issues is definitely about to enhance. This research adopts the exploratory quantity method, and conducts the in-depth interview with three domestic and foreign MNCs. Through the examination of their Third-country Expatriation practices, this research is able to come up with a more complete and integrated study on each human resource management activities, including: the planning for Third-country Expatriation system ¡V (1) reasons for third-country expatriation, (2) types and positions for third-country expatriation, (3) the main role of third-country expatriation system¡¦s planning, and the human resource management for Third-country Nationals ¡V (1) TCNs¡¦ selection (including decision-making and selection standards), (2) TCNs¡¦ education and training, (3) TCNs¡¦ compensation management, (4) TCNs¡¦ performance management, (5) TCNs¡¦ repatriation, (6) TCNs¡¦ oversea life support system, (7) other TCNs¡¦ management practices issues. On the other hand, based on the research results, this research also provides some essential suggestions and advices for domestic Taiwanese companies who plan to develop Third-country Expatriation system in the future.

Giving a special treatment for employees in order to develop competences and engagement are still significant problem in human resources management in the organizations. To counter those problems, researchers and practices have been implementing some approaches, for example, well-established programs on selection, training, reward system, career development and performance appraisal, even more, to exert the employee assistance programs. This paper describes the relationship among the high commitment human resource management system, employee assistance programs, affective commitment, and employee engagement. I share 232 questionnaires as primary data in which respondents are on jobs¡¦ staff. Moreover, I use quantitative method in SEM, One-way ANOVA, etc., to analyze all the information. The main finding is that high commitment human resource management systems and employee assistant programs have a positive effect on job engagement through the mediate of affective commitment. The finding is highly supported the hypothesis I made, and also testify some researcher¡¦s suggests. Further from this research, I also offer some suggestions of management and practical to the issue.