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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Les incompétences négatives dans la jurisprudence du Conseil constitutionnel / Negative incompetences in the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Council

Garcia, Jonathan 27 November 2015 (has links)
Inspiré de la jurisprudence administrative, le contrôle des incompétences négatives est l’un des contentieux les plus mobilisés par le Conseil constitutionnel. Dès la première censure prononcée en 1967, le juge constitutionnel s’est « approprié » les incompétences négatives en s’écartant des classifications traditionnelles du droit administratif et en utilisant ce contentieux bien au-delà de la répartition des compétences. Aujourd’hui, il s’agit davantage d’un contrôle du fond de la loi que de sa forme. Se pose alors la question de savoir pourquoi le Conseil refuse d’accueillir les demandes fondées sur l’incompétence négative – exclusivement – dans le cadre des questions prioritaires de constitutionnalité. En réalité, les incompétences négatives ont une qualité essentielle : elles permettent de réaliser un contrôle effectif des omissions législatives, de renforcer la protection des droits et libertés, sans jamais avoir l’apparence de le faire. / Inspired by the administrative’s case law, control of the « incompétence négative » is one of the most mobilized by the Constitutional Council. From the first censure pronounced in 1967, the constitutional Council "appropriated" this notion by departing from the traditional classifications of administrative law and use this concept well beyond the distribution of powers. Today, it is more of a substance check of the law than a formal control. This raises the question of why the judge refuses to accommodate requests based on the « incompétence négative » - exclusively - as part of the priority preliminaryruling on the issue of constitutionality. In fact, this notion has an essential quality: it allow to achieve an effective control of legislative’s omissions, to strengthen the protection of rights and freedoms without ever having the appearance of doing so.
2

Le principe de légalité de l'impôt et son application en Chine / Legality of taxation and its application in China

Cheng, Li 30 October 2013 (has links)
Le principe de légalité de l’impôt, en tant que traduction au plan juridique du principe de consentement de l’impôt et principe fondamental du droit fiscal, est universellement reconnu par des pays démocratiques. Ce principe consistant à limiter le pouvoir de l’exécutif en matière fiscale et protéger des droits fondamentaux du contribuable en tant que citoyen, joue un rôle crucial pour l’établissement de la hiérarchie des normes dans un Etat de droit. Pourtant, ce principe n’est reconnu que de manière partielle et imprécise dans le droit chinois. Nous avons conviction que l’application effective de ce principe permettra non seulement d’améliorer l’efficacité de la gestion des impôts, mais aussi de diminuer les tensions et d’améliorer les relations entre l’administration fiscale et le contribuable. L’application de ce principe doit se réaliser autour de deux axes : l’un consiste en l’établissement des normes fiscales essentielles par la loi afin de délimiter le pouvoir réglementaire en matière fiscale, et l’autre en la mise en œuvre effective de ces normes dans les procédures fiscales afin de protéger les droits du contribuable. Pour le premier, l’abrogation de ces habilitations nous paraît fort souhaitable et indispensable pour régler le problème de l’incompétence négative du législateur chinois et celui du déclassement des normes fiscales dans le pays. Pour ce dernier, il est nécessaire de révéler les illégalités et les irrégularités commises dans l’exécution de la loi fiscale qui menacent sérieusement l’application effective du principe de légalité de l’impôt en Chine, que ce soit dans les procédures d’imposition ou dans les procédures contentieuses. / The principle of legality of the tax, being a translation of the taxation consent in a legal background, is universally recognized by democratic countries. This principle, consisting to limit the taxation power of the government and to protect the fundamental rights of citizen, plays a crucial role to establish a hierarchy of legal rules. However, this principle is recognized only partially and vaguely in China. We have conviction that the effective application of this principle will not only improve the efficiency of the management of the taxes, but also calm down the tensions and to improve the relationship between the administration and tax payers.The application of this principle must be carried out around two axes: one consists in the establishment of taxation rules principally by law in order to limit the power of regulation of government, the other in effective application of the legal rules in taxation, in order to protect the tax payer’s rights. For the first one, abrogation of delegations of legislative power appears desirable and necessary to settle the problem of negligence of legislator’s competence, as well as the depreciation of the tax norms in China. And as for the second one, it is necessary to notice the illegality and irregularities in the execution of the legal rules, which is an obstacle to apply this principle either in the taxation in the proceedings.
3

Vårdnadshavarnas erfarenheter kring stödet till sitt barn med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning. : En intervjustudie / Guardians' experiences of the support for their child with intellectual disability

Norenbom, Therése January 2016 (has links)
The purpose of this study is to deepen the knowledge of guardians experiences of coordination between the various support measures for their children with intellectual disabilities in special schools. My research questions are to find out how the guardians describe the contact with LSS administrators, child and youth habilitation personnel and specialist teachers in schools for children with special needs as well as the experiences of the guardians based on their contacts with LSS administrators, child and youth habilitation personnel and specialist teachers in special schools. To find this out, a qualitative study is conducted in the form of interviews with guardians of children with intellectual disability. Informants in the study were nine guardians from three different municipalities. The results have been analyzed using Bronfenbrenners developing ecological model. The results show amongst other things that the guardians want more coordinated meetings to facilitate everyday life for the family. Another result was that the contact between the different instancesvary greatly both in quantity and quality and it is up to the guardians if contact occurs. It commonly emerged that the guardians experiences are that there is a good competence in general within different personnel groups. Another finding was that there are shortcomings regarding documentation and monitoring. Finally, it also emerged that it differs regarding how agencies act in preparing guardians for the future in different instances. One conclusion is that variation seems to be bound to whom the guardians have as an administrator and it becomes clear that the role of the special education teacher as a qualified conversation partner is important both in special schools but also in meeting with other professionals. It cannot be stressed enough how important the role is as a special education teacher and coordinator to simplify everyday life for parents or guardians. In addition, monitoring and evaluations fill an important function in professional practice as necessary for improving mutual understanding between home and special schools. / Syftet med denna studie är att fördjupa kunskapen om vårdnadshavares erfarenheter av samordning mellan olika stödinsatser för deras barn med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning i grundsärskolan. Mina forskningsfrågor utifrån syftet är att dels att ta reda på hur vårdnadshavarna beskriver kontakten med LSS-handläggare, barn-och ungdomshabiliteringens personal samt speciallärare i grundsärskolan, dels att ta reda på vilka erfarenheter av stöd vårdnadshavare har utifrån sina kontakter med LSS-handläggare, barn- och ungdomshabiliteringens personal samt speciallärare i särskolan.   För att ta reda på detta har en kvalitativ undersökning genomförts i form av intervjuer med vårdnadshavare till barn med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning. Antalet informanter i intervjun var nio stycken personer från tre olika kommuner. Resultatet har analyserats med hjälp av Bronfenbrenners utvecklingsekologiska modell. Resultatet visar bland annat att vårdnadshavare önskar mer samordnade möten för att underlätta vardagen för familjen. Ett annat resultat var att kontakten mellan olika instanser varierar mycket i både antal och kvalitetoch det är upp till vårdnadshavarna om kontakten sker. Gemensamt framkom det att vårdnadshavarnas upplevelser är att det finns en god kompetens över lag hos olika personalgrupper. Ytterligare ett resultat var att det finns brister gällande dokumentation och uppföljning. Till sist framkom det också att det är ojämnt hur myndigheteragerar föratt förbereda vårdnadshavare inför framtiden inom de olika instanserna. En slutsats är att det verkar vara mycket bundet till vem vårdnadshavarna har som handläggare om stödet fungerar och det blir tydligt att speciallärarens roll som kvalificerad samtalspartner är viktig både i grundsärskolan men även i mötet med andra yrkesgrupper. Det kan inte nog betonas hur viktig rollen är som speciallärare samt samordnare för att förenkla vardagen för vårdnadshavarna. Dessutom fyller uppföljningar och utvärderingar en viktig funktion i yrkespraktiken då detta krävs för att öka samförståndet mellan hemmet och grundsärskolan.

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