Die ständig steigende Rechenleistung von PCs und Workstations ermöglicht es, die spektralen Varianzen direkt durch Fouriertransformation einer Zeitreihe zu schätzen. Dabei ist ein geeignetes Fenster auszuwählen. Die Nichtbeachtung dieser Tatsache führt zwangsläufig zum Rechteckfenster und zum Verschmieren der Information über den ganzen Spektralbereich. Von den hier untersuchten Fenstern hat das Hanning-Fenster die besten Eigenschaften mit dem stärksten Abfall im benachbarten Frequenzbereich. Analog der Fensterung von Auto- und Kreuzkorrelationsfunktion im Frequenzraum wird das Hanning-Fenster für die Fouriertransformation einer Meßreihe im Frequenzraum angegeben. / Due to the permanent grow in PC and workstation power it is possible to estimate the spectral variances directly by the Fourier transform of a time series. Thereby one has to choose an appropriate data window. Ignoring this leads to an unsuited square window function where the spectral power in one frequency bin contains leakage from frequency components that are bins away. From the window functions we tested here, the Hanning window has best properties with minimum leakage. Analogous to windowing of the auto- and crosscorrelation function in the frequency domain we give also the Hanning window for the Fourier transform of time series in the frequency domain.

This thesis describes a novel approach that utilizes a special property of the Hanning window to accurately detect the fundamental frequency of the data signal in the presence of harmonic and interharmonic interference. After obtaining the fundamental frequency, the same procedure is applied to all possible harmonics to be filtered for further analysis of the interharmonics. The proposed approach is validated using numerical tests. In the literature, different authors have shown the difficulty of extracting a synchronized sampling frequency from the analyzed signal and discussed the effect of deviation of the fundamental in the presence of harmonics. This thesis suggests a new approach to overcome the difficulties, even if the interharmonics present are in frequency bins near the fundamental. In order to perform the interharmonic analysis, the author followed the IEC standard draft signal processing recommendations, with the exception of using a weighted Hanning window instead of a rectangular window in order to minimize the effect of the spectral leakage, and to minimize the effect of interharmonics on the main harmonics.

Die ständig steigende Rechenleistung von PCs und Workstations ermöglicht es, die spektralen Varianzen direkt durch Fouriertransformation einer Zeitreihe zu schätzen. Dabei ist ein geeignetes Fenster auszuwählen. Die Nichtbeachtung dieser Tatsache führt zwangsläufig zum Rechteckfenster und zum Verschmieren der Information über den ganzen Spektralbereich. Von den hier untersuchten Fenstern hat das Hanning-Fenster die besten Eigenschaften mit dem stärksten Abfall im benachbarten Frequenzbereich. Analog der Fensterung von Auto- und Kreuzkorrelationsfunktion im Frequenzraum wird das Hanning-Fenster für die Fouriertransformation einer Meßreihe im Frequenzraum angegeben. / Due to the permanent grow in PC and workstation power it is possible to estimate the spectral variances directly by the Fourier transform of a time series. Thereby one has to choose an appropriate data window. Ignoring this leads to an unsuited square window function where the spectral power in one frequency bin contains leakage from frequency components that are bins away. From the window functions we tested here, the Hanning window has best properties with minimum leakage. Analogous to windowing of the auto- and crosscorrelation function in the frequency domain we give also the Hanning window for the Fourier transform of time series in the frequency domain.

A wide range of dynamic systems can be approximated as linear and time invariant, for which a wealth of tools are available to characterize or modify their dynamic characteristics. Experimental modal analysis (EMA) is a procedure whereby the natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes which parameterize vibratory, linear, time invariant systems are derived from experimentally measured response data. EMA is commonly applied in a multitude of applications, for example, to generate experimental models of dynamic systems, validate finite element models and to characterize dissipation in vibratory systems. Recent EMA has also been used to characterize damage or defects in a variety of systems. The Algorithm of Mode Isolation (AMI), presented by Drexel and Ginsberg in 2001, employs a unique strategy for modal parameter estimation in which modes are sequentially identified and subtracted from a set of FRFs. Their natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode vectors are then refined through an iterative procedure. This contrasts conventional multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) identification algorithms, most of which attempt to identify all of the modes of a system simultaneously. This dissertation presents a hybrid multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) implementation of the algorithm of mode isolation that improves the performance of AMI for systems with very close or weakly excited modes. The algorithmic steps are amenable to semi-automatic identification, and many FRFs can be processed efficiently and without concern for ill-conditioning, even when many modes are identified. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated on noise contaminated analytical response data from two systems having close modes, one of which has localized modes while the other has globally responsive modes. The results are compared with other popular algorithms. MIMO-AMI is also applied to experimentally obtained data from shaker excited tests of the Z24 highway bridge, demonstrating the algorithm's performance on a data set typical of many EMA applications. Considerations for determining the number of modes active in the frequency band of interest are addressed, and the results obtained are compared to those found by other groups of researchers.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-04-25T17:30:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 carloshenriquenascimentomartins.pdf: 10221613 bytes, checksum: 0d6eef0f715fc0f9f68bf12a390dcd55 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-04-26T12:22:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carloshenriquenascimentomartins.pdf: 10221613 bytes, checksum: 0d6eef0f715fc0f9f68bf12a390dcd55 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-26T12:22:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carloshenriquenascimentomartins.pdf: 10221613 bytes, checksum: 0d6eef0f715fc0f9f68bf12a390dcd55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-26 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta tese apresenta as etapas de desenvolvimento de um sistema de monitoramento de parâmentos de qualidade de energia dedicado a análise de harmônicos variantes no tempo através do equipamento denominado AHVT (Analisador de Harmônicos Variantes no Tempo). O desenvolvimento do trabalho é composto por: (i) estudo e implementação MATLAB de algoritmos para processamento em tempo real, com capacidade de sintonização dos componentes harmônicos; (ii) análise e desenvolvimento de estratégias para detecção e validação da presença de interharmônicos próximos à frequência fundamental e suas consequência na estimação de parâmetros como fase, amplitude e frequência para o componente fundamental, (iii) proposta de implementação do dispositivo, sistema de aquisição/ condicionamento de sinais/ filtragem, sistema de conversão analógico digital e plataforma de processamentoDSP/FPGA, sistema de transmissão de dados e plataformas de análise online/offline dos eventos de harmônicos variantes no tempo; (iv) plataforma de simulação do Analisador de Harmônicos Variantes no Tempo (AHVT) para estudo dos métodos de trigger para detecção e captura dos eventos. / In this work is presented the steps of development and implementation of a Power Quality paramaters monitoring system with main goal events denomined ”time arying harmonics”named of Time Varying Harmonic Analyzer. The development is comprises:(i) research and implementation of real time algorithms with capable to tuning harmonic waves,(ii) Analyze and research/development of strategies for detect and validation of interharmonics with frequencies near of fundamental, and conseguencies and challenges to phase, magnitude and frequency estimation with presence interharmonic waveform (iii) The proposal of a hardware design including analog to digital conversion and digital signal processing plataform, broadcast data link and IHM(Interface Human Machine) for online and offline analyzes to time varying harmonic analyzer;(iiii)off-line simulation plataform of Analisador de Harmônicos Variantes no Tempo Time Varying Harmonic Analyzer (TVHA) to trigger detect methods to detection and capture of waveforms.