Defining sustainable development as non-declining utility, the relationship between sustainable development and optimal growth is examined critically in Part 1. The operation of the Hartwick rule for an exhaustible resource is explored under different values of the elasticity of substitution between capital and resources. The Hartwick rule is then extended to the case of fossil fuels, where carbon dioxide emissions arise as an externality. Optimal growth paths with exhaustible resources are shown to be non-sustainable for positive pure rates of time preference or if produced capital depreciates. For linked environment-economy models where pollution stocks dissipate, the optimal steady state is characterized and feasibility conditions for the steady state derived. When resources are renewable and production leads to emissions that damage the resource, the restrictions on the feasible resource stock size in the steady state are determined. Part 2 considers the problem of measuring sustainable development, deriving 'green NNP' as a transformation of the Hamiltonian function for an optimal control problem. Two problems in accounting for exhaustible resources are developed: resource discoveries and heterogeneous resource deposits. The key issue of the treatment of pollution and pollution abatement in green national accounts is explored through a series of six models: flow pollutants, stock pollutants, impairment of pollution dissipation, fossil fuels and carbon dioxide, living resources and acid rain, and household defensive expenditures. The models of flow accounts are extended to green wealth accounting, where it is shown that stocks of pollution can be treated as liabilities in the national balance sheet. Empirical measures of sustainable development are presented in Part 3, with a discussion of the policy implications of green national accounting. Estimates of the value of pollution and 'genuine' savings rates are presented for the UK and selected European countries. The genuine savings analysis is extended to resource depletion and carbon emission damages for over 50 developing countries, revealing significant dissaving in Subsaharan Africa.

Le Pérou, extrêmement riche en minerais, connaît depuis les années 2000 une forte croissance économique. À la question de savoir si sa richesse minérale condamne le Pérou à la malédiction des ressources naturelles, nous répondons que ce n'est pas le cas à l'heure actuelle, mais nous mettons en évidence une forte dépendance vis-à-vis de l'activité minière. La question centrale est celle du développement durable de l'activité minière. La mesure de la dépréciation du capital minier (DCM) est l'indicateur fondamental pour évaluer la situation. Diverses méthodes d'estimation existent, mais notre analyse microéconomique basée sur la règle de Hotelling fournit une valeur d'environ 7 % du PIB sur la période 2000-2008, soit le double de l'approximation donnée par la Banque Mondiale. Nous proposons d'intégrer la DCM aux indicateurs macroéconomiques traditionnels, ce qui permet de mettre en évidence la surestimation de la croissance économique. Conformément à la règle de Hartwick, il apparaît clairement que le développement péruvien n'est pas durable ; les revenus miniers ne compensent pas la DCM et ne sont pas réinvestis en faveur du développement du pays. Il faudrait donc taxer les entreprises minières à hauteur de la DCM, et créer un fonds de ressources naturelles. Nos résultats montrent qu'épargner seulement 8 % de la DCM permettrait d'atteindre un revenu durable pour les générations futures. La création d'un tel fonds de ressources naturelles aurait également pour avantage de réduire l'instabilité macroéconomique et de promouvoir une meilleure gouvernabilité.

Le Pérou, extrêmement riche en minerais, connaît depuis les années 2000 une forte croissance économique. Àla question de savoir si sa richesse minérale condamne le Pérou à la malédiction des ressources naturelles, nousrépondons que ce n’est pas le cas à l’heure actuelle, mais nous mettons en évidence une forte dépendance vis-à-visde l’activité minière. La question centrale est celle du développement durable de l’activité minière. La mesure dela dépréciation du capital minier (dcm) est l’indicateur fondamental pour évaluer la situation. Diverses méthodesd’estimation existent, mais notre analyse microéconomique basée sur la règle de Hotelling fournit une valeurd’environ 7 % du pib sur la période 2000–2008, soit le double de l’approximation donnée par la Banque Mondiale.Nous proposons d’intégrer la dcm aux indicateurs macroéconomiques traditionnels, ce qui permet de mettreen évidence la surestimation de la croissance économique. Conformément à la règle de Hartwick, il apparaîtclairement que le développement péruvien n’est pas durable ; les revenus miniers ne compensent pas la dcmet ne sont pas réinvestis en faveur du développement du pays. Il faudrait donc taxer les entreprises minières àhauteur de la dcm, et créer un fonds de ressources naturelles. Nos résultats montrent qu’épargner seulement 8 %de la dcm permettrait d’atteindre un revenu durable pour les générations futures. La création d’un tel fonds deressources naturelles aurait également pour avantage de réduire l’instabilité macroéconomique et de promouvoirune meilleure gouvernabilité. / Since the 2000s, Peru, a country extremely rich in minerals has experienced strong economic growth. WouldPeru be condemned to the resource curse because of its mineral wealth? For now this is not the case; howeverwe point up a strong dependence upon the mining sector. The main question relates to the sustainability of themining industry. The mineral depletion rate is a fundamental indicator to assess the situation. To calculate this,there are many forecasting methods available ; our microeconomic analysis based on the Hotelling rule providesa value of around 7 % of gdp for the period between 2000 and 2008, which represents double the estimation ofthe World Bank.We recommend the mineral depletion be taken into account when calculating traditional macroeconomic indicators;it would highlight the overestimation of economic growth. According to the Hartwick rule, it is clearthat Peruvian development is not sustainable; mining revenues do not offset the mineral depletion and are notreinvested in the development of the country. Therefore, the solution should be to tax mining companies at alevel equivalent to that of depletion and, with the new income, to create a natural resource fund. Saving only8 % of the mineral depletion would suffice to generate sustainable rent for futures generations. In addition, thecreation of a natural resource fund would reduce macroeconomic instability and enforce better governance.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University. / Typescript. Sponsor: Karl W. Bigelow. Dissertation Committee: R. Freeman Butts, Ralph R. Field, . Type C project. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 419-437).

Submitted by Rodrigo Pezzino (rpezzino@hotmail.com) on 2017-01-16T18:45:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Rodrigo Pezzino - Revisada - V9 - 130116.pdf: 3268429 bytes, checksum: b1ec20d75837f749bc430a44e3aa1af2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2017-01-18T14:34:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Rodrigo Pezzino - Revisada - V9 - 130116.pdf: 3268429 bytes, checksum: b1ec20d75837f749bc430a44e3aa1af2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-26T12:32:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Rodrigo Pezzino - Revisada - V9 - 130116.pdf: 3268429 bytes, checksum: b1ec20d75837f749bc430a44e3aa1af2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-30 / This thesis aims to assess the royalties´s impacts related to exploration and production of oil and natural gas in 87 municipalities of the State of Rio de Janeiro, based on socioeconomic indicators in the 2000-2013 period. The changes in the institutional framework of the Brazilian oil industry were considered, since the Petrobras´s creation to the discovery of pre-salt areas, with details of the Petroleum Law (Law No. 9.478/97) established the royalties in Brazil. With emphasis on municipal revenues, highlighted the relevance of the study in relation to Rio de Janeiro municipalities for being the largest collectors of royalties and special participation in Brazil. Then, using the economic theory of natural resources were analyzed theoretical foundations in Hotelling and Hartwick for the use of revenues from exploitation of natural resources. Complementing the theoretical framework, they were listed the reasons for the presence of resource curse theory. To assess the royalties´s impact in Rio de Janeiro municipalities, statistically significant, the study was performed in two different stages. The first applied the panel regression method in the municipalities that are beneficiaries of the oil and gas revenues; and the second was made with analysis of specific data of the municipalities with greater dependence on royalty revenue versus the municipalities that are not beneficiaries of such revenue. / Esta dissertação tem por finalidade avaliar o impacto das receitas de royalties e participações especiais referentes à exploração e produção de petróleo e gás natural nos 87 municípios beneficiários do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, com base em indicadores socioeconômicos no período de 2000-2013. Foram analisadas as mudanças ocorridas no quadro institucional da indústria petrolífera brasileira, desde a criação da Petrobrás até a descoberta das áreas de pré-sal, com detalhamento da Lei do Petróleo (Lei nº 9.478/97) que instituiu os royalties no Brasil. Com ênfase às receitas municipais, destacou-se a relevância do estudo em relação aos municípios fluminenses por serem os maiores arrecadadores de royalties e participações especiais no Brasil. Em seguida, utilizando-se da teoria da economia dos recursos naturais, foram analisados fundamentos teóricos em Hotelling e Hartwick para utilização das receitas provenientes de exploração de recursos naturais. Complementando o marco teórico, foram elencados os motivos para presença da teoria da maldição dos recursos naturais. Para avaliar o impacto das receitas de royalties e participações especiais nos municípios fluminenses, de forma estatisticamente significativa, foi executado o estudo em duas etapas diferentes. Na primeira aplicou-se o método de regressão em painel nos municípios que são beneficiários das receitas de petróleo e gás; e a segunda foi feita com análise dos dados específicos dos municípios com maior dependência de receita de royalties e participações especiais versus os municípios que não são beneficiários de tal receita.