Pasture is considered one of our most important agricultural crops, contributing more than one third of all feed consumed by livestock in the United States. High quality pasture has been recognized to be highly important in efficient milk production. It has been shown, however, that good pasture must be supplemented by concentrates if' milk production is to be maintained at a high level.

DDT (2,2 bis (p-chlorophenyl) 1,1,1,-trichloroethane) was first synthesized in 1874 by Seidler in Switzerland, however, its effectiveness as an insecticide was not known until about 1942. The active principle was first known as G.H.B. (Gesarol-Neccid Base): but in 1943 DDT was suggested as an abbreviation for Dichlore Diphenyl Trichloroethane (Kaaegie, 1946). In fact DDT, as a powerful insecticide is one of the developments made during World War II. The importance of DDT in the control of the common insect enemies of mankind, such as mosquitoes, flies, moths, and many agricultural insect pests is realized more day by day. Many studies have been conducted to determine the uses, toxisity and residual effectiveness of DDT. However, the nutritive value of DDT dusted feedstuffs has not been investigated heretofore. During recent years, in the west, alfalfa seed and hay production has declined as a result of injuries caused by certain species of insects such as lygus bage and alfalfa weevil. DDT has been used successfully to control these insect pests. Because of this fact there is a need for more information on the chemical composition, digestibility and metabolisable energy content of DDT treated alfalfa hay.

Alfalfa is Generally regarded as one of the world's most valuable cultivated forage crops. Few crops, if any, are equal to it in capacity to produce heavy yields of highly nutritious, palatable feed. A combination of desirable attributes as a forage plant and adaptation to a wide diversity of soil and climatic conditions has led to the use of alfalfa in the world to an extent probably exceeding that of any other single legume or grass. Alfalfa constantly proves itself as a valuable feed for most types of livestock. This is especially true in the states where a large amount of hay is harvested and stored for the wintering of livestock, and where it is dehydrated, ground and incorporated into poultry rations. As better methods are developed for the harvesting, handling and storage of alfalfa so as to retain maximum nutrient value, its importance will constatly increase. The nutrient value of the hay may be influenced by the variety of alfalfa grown as shown by Thompson (1949) and the fertility level of the soil as shown by several authors encluding Barakat (1950), kashemsri (1952) and Jones (1953). Because of alfalfa's growing importance it is desirable to determine the most economical methods of producing maximum yields of hay with high nutritive value.

River ice breakup and associated flooding are realities for many northern communities. This is certainly the case in Hay River, NWT, which is located at the junction of the Hay River and Great Slave Lake. Hay River experiences a wide range of spring river ice scenarios; from docile thermal melt outs, to severe ice jams resulting in life-threatening, disastrous flooding. This study involved the analysis of five seasons of aerial and time-lapse photographs, water level measurements and hydrometeorologic data. This work also compiled an extended historical record of breakup in the Hay River delta, which was compared against the field data gathered for this study; combining local, experiential knowledge with scientific observation into a cohesive description of breakup. This will be used to advise the non-technical flood watch community on the patterns of timing and sequencing of breakup, which is critical for evacuation planning. / Water Resources Engineering

No description available.

10 pp. / Phosphorus is the primary fertilizer nutrient needed by alfalfa in Arizona. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of P fertilizer rate on alfalfa yield and soil test P. A phosphorus fertilizer rate study was conducted with alfalfa in Buckeye, AZ where 11-52-0 was applied at 0, 200, 400, and 800 lb fertilizer/acre in February, 2014 after the first cutting. Alfalfa hay yield was increased by phosphorus fertilizer application up to the cutting on July 30, but not thereafter. No differences in yield were found among the fertilizer rates of 200,400, and 800 lb 11-52-0/acre. Soil test phosphorus increased directly proportional to fertilizer rate, but eventually decreased close to deficient levels 3-5 months after fertilizer application. It is not known if additional fertilizer applications throughout the season would increase yield. Fertilizer rates higher than 200 lb 11-52-0/acre were not beneficial under the conditions of this study.

No description available.

No description available.

Over the last century, much of the United State prairie pothole region has been converted to cultivated cropland. Concerns have been raised on government subsidized crop insurance effect on grassland to cropland conversion in the United States. Most grassland in the United State prairie pothole region are privately owned making a vivid understanding of landowners’ response to crop insurance subsidies important to facilitate effective design of prairie pothole conservation programs. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of land use conversion with the removal of crop insurance subsidies in the United States prairie pothole region. Government subsidies on crop insurance was determined to have a measurable impact on Conservation Reserve Program land acreage within the United States. It was estimated that a 15% reduction in the net returns to cropland resulted in about 274,000 increase in the land acreage of the Conservation Reserve Program. In Conclusion, the removal of crop insurance subsidies was predicted to slow down but not stop the conversion of grassland to cropland in the United States prairie pothole region.

The Town of Hay River experiences significant threats to life and property each spring as ice jam release events from upstream bring waves of ice and water to the town. The development of a forecasting tool for ice jam release events has been limited by insufficient data, especially regarding the speed of ice runs associated with ice jam release events. The purpose of this research was to document and analyze ice jam release events to provide the town warning of their potential timing and magnitude, and to contribute to general knowledge on ice jam release. Comprehensive field programs were undertaken from 2007 to 2009, and this new data was used to assess the River1D ice jam release forecasting model. Although the model showed reasonable approximations for wave arrival times for flood forecasting purposes, the predicted speeds and arrival times of ice runs did not agree very well with field observations. / Water Resources Engineering