This essay will study the working environment of heads of units in a health and social care organization. The working environment that will be focused on in the essay is the psychosocial. My interest in the subject evolved from a rapport that The Swedish Work Environment Authority preformed. The rapport displayed a supervision that took place in the years 2015–2017. The supervision investigated the psychosocial working environment of the heads of units in several workplaces in Sweden. This rapport was analyzed alongside with legislation and literature that regulates the working environment to get an understanding of problems in this area. The aims of this essay are therefore to identify problems in the working environment within the heads of units and do that with an equality perspective.    The result of this essay has shown that there is a lot of shortage with the environmental work of the heads of units. These shortages consist of the employee not getting enough resources to deal with the high demands of the work assignment. This leads to negative psychosocial health risks. The legal framework of the subject places high requirements on the employers. But nevertheless, the employers work with the preventive environmental work is insufficient and a contributory to this is the construction of the working environmental law as a frame law.

Notre recherche a pour but de démontrer que le développement des compétences managériales de l’équipe soignante et de l’encadrement infirmier dans les hôpitaux libanais renforce la créativité et la performance globale de l’établissement et permet une certaine différentiation.Il s’agit, en premier lieu, de définir les compétences managériales de l’encadrement infirmier et de définir les moyens de développement de ces compétences. Nous présentons, dans cette thèse le processus de la mise en place des outils du management socio-économique à partir de l’intervention menée dans trois hôpitaux libanais. Nous analysons à la fin les résultats et les impacts de ce processus sur la performance économique et financière de ces trois hôpitaux. / Our research is aimed at demonstrating that the development of leadership management skills for the nursing team and for the head of units in Lebanese hospitals can improve the creativity and the global performance of the organization and enables strategic differentiation.We start by defining the managerial competencies required for the nursing team and by explaining methods of developing them. We present, in our thesis, the process of implementing socio-economic management tools conducted during our intervention in three Lebanese hospitals. Then, we analyze the results of the intervention-research process and its impacts on the managerial competencies development on the economic and social performance of the three hospitals.