Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1972. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 175 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-175). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relevance of School Management Training (SMT) to school practice; present an overview of SMT in Zimbabwe; and identify and analyse relevant SMT models to school headship. The research methods involved a literature study of primary and secondary sources, as well as an empirical situation analysis of SMT in Zimbabwe. The secondary sources comprised books, journals, research dissertations and thesis. The primary sources comprised official circulars, courses outlines the B.Ed (EAPPS) degree programme and the Heads Training Support Programme (HTSP) modules. The knowledge drawn from these sources was the basis for developing appropriate models for SMT. The empirical situation analysis comprised the use of questionnaires and interviews to examine the content, typology, the modes of SMT in Zimbabwe, as provided by a sample of 218 randomly selected school heads in Bulawayo, Matabeleland North and South regions. Personal and group interviews were conducted with selected school heads. The findings revealed the following strengths of SMT in Zimbabwe:  Induction SMT is offered to newly-appointed school heads in order to inspire their confidence in leadership.  Various forms of continuing on-site SMT on-the-job training opportunities to school heads.  Whilst off-site SMT workshops inculcate skills from school headship experience, SMT conferences and seminars run by heads' professional associations cater for SMT needs of school heads. Weaknesses of SMT in Zimbabwe exposed by the study involve:  Lack of SMT newsletters to encourage self-induction  Lack of institutional provision for the smooth co-ordination of SMT  Little involvement of university experts in non-formal SMT A tripartite collaborative SMT model which integrates self-development, university tuition and HTSP tuition is recommended. For the smooth operation of the model a dedicated institute for SMT is recommended. Any further research study, local or in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region, should investigate the feasibility of a tripartite collaborative model and the dedicated institute in SMT. / Educational Studies / D.Ed. (Education Management)

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relevance of School Management Training (SMT) to school practice; present an overview of SMT in Zimbabwe; and identify and analyse relevant SMT models to school headship. The research methods involved a literature study of primary and secondary sources, as well as an empirical situation analysis of SMT in Zimbabwe. The secondary sources comprised books, journals, research dissertations and theses. The primary sources comprised official circulars, course outlines of the B.Ed (EAPPS) degree programme and the Heads Training Support Programme (HTSP) modules. The knowledge drawn from these sources was the basis for developing appropriate models for SMT. The empirical situation analysis comprised the use of questionnaires and interviews to examine the content, typology, the modes of SMT in Zimbabwe, as provided by a sample of 218 randomly selected school heads in Bulawayo, Matabeleland North and South regions. Personal and group interviews were conducted with selected school heads. The findings revealed the following strengths of SMT in Zimbabwe: • Induction SMT is offered to newly-appointed school heads in order to inspire their confidence in leadership. • Various forms of continuing on-site SMT on-the-job training opportunities to school heads. • Whilst off-site SMT workshops inculcate skills from school headship expenence, SMT conferences and seminars run by heads' professional associations cater for SMT needs of school heads. Weaknesses of SMT in Zimbabwe exposed by the study involve: • Lack of SMT newsletters to encourage self-induction • Lack of institutional provision for the smooth co-ordination of SMT • Little involvement of university experts in non-formal SMT (iii) A tripartite collaborative SMT model which integrates self-development, university tuition and HTSP tuition is recommended. For the smooth operation of the model a dedicated institute for SMT is recommended. Any further research study, local or in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region, should investigate the feasibility of a tripartite collaborative model and the dedicated institute in SMT / Educational Leadership and Management / D.Ed. (Education Management)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / A carcinicultura à o segmento da aquicultura que mais cresce no mundo. No Brasil, o Cearà à o maior produtor com 50% de toda a produÃÃo. Sabe-se que aproximadamente 40% do peso do camarÃo sejam considerados resÃduos, como a cabeÃa, a cauda e a casca, gerando grandes quantidades de resÃduos que devem ser descartados adequadamente. Assim, o reaproveitamento de resÃduos da carcinicultura atravÃs de recursos biotecnolÃgicos surge como uma alternativa inovadora para reduzir a poluiÃÃo ambiental causada por essa atividade. O presente estudo teve por objetivo aperfeiÃoar um processo biotecnolÃgico baseado na utilizaÃÃo de consÃrcio bacteriano capaz de fermentar os resÃduos da carcinicultura transformando-os em lÃquor para ser utilizado na alimentaÃÃo de pÃs-larvas de TilÃpia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) em fase de reversÃo sexual. As linhagens de bactÃrias lÃticas utilizadas foram identificadas atravÃs do sequenciamento dos genes RNAr 16S, rpoA e pheS e por testes bioquÃmicos envolvendo a habilidade de fermentar carboidratos. Para a seleÃÃo do consÃrcio foram realizados estudos de cinÃtica quÃmica, modelos matemÃticos de Monod, Andrews e Levenspiel para determinar possÃveis tipos de inibiÃÃo do processo de fermentaÃÃo lÃtica de cabeÃas de camarÃo. Para avaliar o potencial do lÃquor resultante da fermentaÃÃo como suplemento na alimentaÃÃo de pÃs-larvas de tilÃpia foram confeccionadas raÃÃes com inclusÃes de lÃquor na proporÃÃo de 15, 30 e 45 %, monitorando-se a qualidade da Ãgua e os parÃmetros de temperatura, oxigÃnio dissolvido, pH, salinidade, nitrogÃnio amoniacal total, nitrito, nitrato e ortofosfato, alÃm do desempenho zootÃcnico. Para tanto, foram avaliados a taxa de sobrevivÃncia, taxa de crescimento especÃfico, ganho em peso e comprimento, fator de conversÃo alimentar e seleÃÃo por tamanho. Como resultados deste trabalho foram identificadas linhagens de lactobacilos nomeadas Lact7, Lact8, Lact9 e Lact14 como pertencentes a espÃcie Lactobacillus plantarum, Lact6 como L. futsaii e Lact11 como Pediococcus acidilactici. Quantos aos parÃmetros cinÃticos da fermentaÃÃo, as linhagens Lacts6, Lact7 e Lact14 apresentaram os melhores resultados e nÃo houve indÃcios de inibiÃÃo pelo substrato ou produto. Durante a fermentaÃÃo das cabeÃas de camarÃo o consÃrcio formado pelas linhagens Lact6 e Lact14 produziram os mais altos rendimentos de Ãcido lÃtico, cerca de 100 g.L-1. InclusÃes do lÃquor resultante da fermentaÃÃo lÃtica dos resÃduos de camarÃo nas proporÃÃes de 15 e 30 % proporcionaram os melhores resultados para sobrevivÃncias, ganho em peso e comprimento, taxa de crescimento especÃfico e biomassa de pÃs-larvas de TilÃpia do Nilo. A conversÃo alimentar nÃo diferiu entre os tratamentos. Nitrito, nitrato e ortofosfato aumentaram significativamente ao longo das semanas, embora as concentraÃÃes tenham se mantido em nÃveis aceitÃveis, bem como os demais parÃmetros se mantiveram dentro do recomendado durante o desenvolvimento da tilÃpia. Os dados desse estudo mostraram que à tecnologicamente viÃvel transformar resÃduos da carcinicultura em produtos de valor agregado por fermentaÃÃo lÃtica. O lÃquor resultante da fermentaÃÃo, rico em proteÃnas, pigmentos e minerais pode ser incorporado na proporÃÃo de atà 30% na raÃÃo, sem causar nenhum impactado no desenvolvimento de pÃs-larva da tilÃpia e portanto, trazendo benefÃcios econÃmicos e destinaÃÃo apropriada para resÃduos da carcinicultura. / Shrimp farming is the fastest growing segment in aquiculture in the world. In Brazil, Ceara is the largest producer with 50 % of all production. Approximately 40 % of the shrimp weight is considered waste as the head, tail and bark, generating large amounts of waste that must be properly discarded. Thus, the reuse of shrimp farming waste through biotechnological resources emerges as an innovative alternative to reduce environmental pollution caused by that activity. This study aimed to perform a biotechnological process based on bacterial consortium capable to fermenting shrimp waste turning them into a liquor used in feed for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) post-larvae in sex reversal process. Lactic acid bacteria strains used were identified by sequencing of the 16S rRNA, rpoA and pheS genes and biochemical tests involving the ability to ferment carbohydrates. For the consortium selection some studies were performed such as chemical kinetics use of Monod, Andrews and Levenspiel mathematical models to determine possible types of inhibition. To evaluate the liquor potential from fermentation as a supplement in feed for tilapia post-larvae were prepared feed diets with liquor inclusions of 15, 30 and 45 %, by monitoring the water quality and temperature parameters, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, total ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate and orthophosphate in addition to growth performance. For that, we evaluated the survival rate, specific growth rate, weight and length gain, feed conversion factor and selection by size. This work identified lactobacilli strains named Lact 7, Lact 8, Lact 9 and Lact 14 as belonging to Lactobacillus plantarum species, Lact 6 as L. futsaii and Lact 11 as Pediococcus acidilactici. As to fermentation kinetic parameters, Lact 6, Lact 7 and Lact 14 strains showed the best results and there was no evidence of inhibition by substrate or product. During shrimp heads fermentation Lact 6 and Lact 14 consortium produced the highest lactic acid yields, about 100 g.L-1. Liquor inclusions of 15 and 30 % provided the best results for survival, weight and length gain, specific growth rate and biomass of Nile tilapia post-larvae. Feed conversion did not differ between treatments, being slightly higher in treatment with 30 % of liquor. Nitrite, nitrate and orthophosphate increased significantly over the weeks, although concentrations have remained at acceptable levels and other parameters remained within the recommended during the tilapia development. The data from this study showed that it is technologically feasible to transform shrimp farming waste into added-value products by lactic fermentation. The resulting liquor fermentation, rich in protein, minerals and pigments can be incorporated in a proportion of up to 30% in tilapia feed, without causing, any impact the development of tilapia post-larvae and thus bringing economic benefits and proper disposition of shrimp farming waste.

M.Ed. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

M.Ed. (Educational Management) / Significant long term planning and the reaching of goals cannot be reached efficiently if they are constantly hampered by nonproductive problems. Therefore, effective problem solving and effective prevention are of cardinal importance in the multi-type workload of the head of department. The principal is the keyfigure in the school. In this respect, the principal should be supported by a management team, utilizing all facets of management in the school, including problem solving. Problem solving js a comprehensive task and one person alone does not have all the time or skills to run the school single-handedly. The head of department is the senior manager of his department and has a prime resposibility towards the effective functioning of his department. This implies that the head of department not only needs to be an educational leader, but he must also have the necessary managerial skills to be successful. During problem solving a certain thought-pattern of modusoperandi should be acquired. The way a head of department solves problems is an indication of his value as educational leader, and it follows that his skills at problem solving and effective behaviour will determine his success as an educational leader. This study will focus mainly on four basic management tasks: planning, organization, guidance and control.

M.Ed. (Educational Management) / The development of the Head of Department as manager, has historically been neglected and as he/she is in a position of authority, the effective management of the relevant department will solely depend on him/her. If the department therefore is to function successfully, the Head of Department should have a sound knowledge of motivation, communication, decision making and interpersonal skills. The Head of Department as leader of the teachers in his/her department, cannot ignore these components. Development is essential to enable him to cope with everyday problems in the school. The Head of Department needs particular skills to run his/her department effectively, but presently this is not a requisite for promotion. One can conclude that the current management situation in the school requires an academic-professionally equipped person. This investigation has indicated that the development of skills relating to motivation, communication, listening, decision-making, interpersonal relations, transparency, assertiveness, empathy and invitational management, is essential if the Head of Department is to be motivated and well equipped, to manage his/her department. The task of the Head of Department as part of the managing team, is complex. When such a team is appointed, it should be kept in mind that their task primarily involves problem solving, decision-making, guidance and in service training. Members therefore should be experienced, determined and hard-working. The Head of Department is expected to be well-versed in the application of the four components of management, namely planning, organising, guidance and control. There is no doubt that management can be considered a full-time, independent career.

M.Ed. / South Africa, together with the rest of the world, has the need for leaders who are purposeful and have firm principles. Natural leaders among pupils must be identified and they must be assisted in accepting and fulfilling their call to leadership with skill and confidence. The object of this study is an investigation into the character and nature of the development of leadership in youth. Youth leaders must be trained to manage pupil activities effectively. It should never be a case of simply identifying the leaders and then leaving them to themselves in their newly acquired positions. The youth leaders remain dependent on support and therefore nave to be trained on a continuous basis. The youth finds himself in a unique situation which constitutes unique problems. Due to these problems, the content of a leader development program must be such that it creates an atmosphere in which the pupil leaders will have the desire to think about and to be knowledgable as to the problems of" their times. The content of a leadership development program focuses on two levels, namely the moral and practical or physical level. The youth has a specific need to be accepted and should be studied and considered in various educational relationships. Only when this has taken place, will the youth be open to the development of his leadership abilities. Every teacher acts according to his/her specific leadership style. The management style is actually part of the management leader and will materialize as such in the way in which leadership is given. The pupil leader will, therefore, also show a specific management style and this must be considered in the development program ...

Magister Artium - MA / This thesis explored the resources available for care-giving in chronically poor female-headed households. It investigated the relationship between resources as enabling in the practice of care and the choices that women can consequently make in light of the multiple roles that they play as workers, as mothers and as significant people in female-headed households. / South Africa