This research study explored livelihood strategies that female headed households adopt in Magaso village of Mutoko district in Zimbabwe. The study intended to achieve the following objectives: (i) examine the existing livelihood strategies of female headed households (ii) explore the various challenges faced by female headed households and (iii) establish the support mechanisms in place for female headed households to cope with life challenges .The literature reviewed in the study was drawn from several researchers, and the study was shaped by the strengths perspectives and the liberal feminism perspective. The study was qualitative in nature and used interviews to collect data from fifteen (15) female headed households. The data collection process used an interview guide. The research employed a qualitative research design in the form of a case study cum a phenomenological study design. Data was analysed qualitatively using the content thematic data analysis which used interpretive approaches and presentation is textual rather than statistical. The study findings were the following: engaging in subsistence farming was found to be the main livelihood activity of the female heads; engaging in home gardens; exchanging labour for food; involvement in business; reliance on temporary employment from different agencies; reliance on handouts from government and other bodies; and household heads sanctioning child labour that compromises school attendance. Moreover, these female heads faced numerous difficulties ranging from emotional, social to financial problems that resulted in worsening the condition of women, and hence validating feminization of poverty among them. Several support mechanisms were discovered to be available for the female heads but they fail to produce to fruitful results to the lives of the female heads. The study made the following recommendations: mainstreaming gender education from childhood stage; efforts aimed at job creation; financial empowerment through setting up of micro schemes for rural women amongst; seeking the services of agricultural extension services to the female head farmers; improving the social services delivery in Zimbabwe equitably across genders and strengthening informal strategies to improve women‘s social capital. Lastly, the study concluded that little is being done in terms of policy formulation to make the support structures responsive to the female headed households especially in rural areas, hence the need for sustainable development through empowerment.

M.Ed. (Educational Management) / Contented, motivated and well-trained subject teachers are a basic requirement for the effective functioning of the Department of Economic Sciences. Within this department the quality of the in-service training provided by the Head of Department will be a high priority. A prerequisite for the successful accomplishment of his task as in service trainer and developer of staff members is, amongst other things, the managerial application of in-service training strategies. In this education environment, the Head of Department finds himself in a prescribed management, leadership and trainer situation. Though he has not been formally trained for this delegated task of in-service training, he is directly involved in personnel management. It is clear, however, that in most organisations in-service training and staff development do not receive the required attention from those in leadership positions. Moreover, some Heads of Department experience difficulty in practicing effective leadership and guidance because of a lack of management expertise. In order to ensure both quality teaching in his department and efficient execution of his in-service training task he has to apply managerial skills. Thus this investigation proves that the Head of Department should not only be professionally equipped, but should also possess certain managerial skills in order to be able to undertake the in-service training of his staff. Staff training further indicates the management of people, each with their own unique needs and specific capabilities. It seems that members of staff can be motivated towards better work and self-realization. It is thus imperative that the Head of Department should be informed as to the various theories regarding motivation and that he should apply the principles involved. The investigation also shows that practicing leadership is a critical factor which influences the effective execution of the staff training task. Various approaches to leadership have shown that, although the leadership style may be situation bound, it is the democratic style which creates an open, supportive school climate.

M.Ed. (Educational Management) / Situational leadership can be very effective in schools if applied correctly. It is therefore essential for the head of department to know exactly what situational leadership is all about. Situational leadership is defined by the Hersey and Blanchard as follows: Situational leadership is based on an interplay among: the amount of guidance and direction (task behaviour) a leader gives, the amount of socio-emotional support (relationship behaviour) a leader provides, and the readiness level displayed by the followers in performing a specific task, function or objective. There is unfortunately no one best way to influence teachers. It is of the utmost importance that the head of department must have the ability to diagnose and interpret the situation correctly in order to adapt his style accordingly. The leadership style of the head of department will therefore match the maturity level of the teachers. The ultimate goal will be the effective changing of leadership style from telling to selling to participating and eventually to delegating. The teachers will then be able to function independent and autonomous. The influence of various management models and-theories will also be dealt with in this research. The model of Hersey and Blanchard most probably originated from the model of Tannenbaum and Schmidt. Situational leadership is accepted worldwide as effective and functional if applied correctly. The correct application will thus result in effective teaching and positive results in that specific department. It is therefore an indisputable fact that situational leadership has a positive influence on teaching and educating if applied efficiently.

27 Retrieved Yttria Stabilised Tetragonal Zirconia (Y-TZP) femoral heads were studied for the occurrence of tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation and the effects that such transformation has on the bearing surface. The mean monoclinic percentage found is 53.6% with 25 of the samples having transformed more than 20%. This finding nullifies earlier predictions that it would take 25 to 30 years to transform to a monoclinic content of 30 to 40% inside the human body (Chevalier, Drouin&Calés 1997). It was however shown that Hot Isostatic Pressed (HIP’ed) Y-TZP femoral heads have a better, though still not adequate, resistance to phase transformation in the human body than non-HIP’ed femoral heads. Results of various investigations show that this transformation degrades the surface condition of the femoral heads, which in turn increases wear and subsequently decreases the survival rate of the prosthesis due to a greater risk of aseptic loosening. It is postulated that a great contributing factor to the phase transformation is increased temperatures inside the bearing couple, due to inadequate lubrication between the two bearing surfaces. Tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation and its associated effects renders Y-TZP femoral heads less attractive for hip replacements. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering / unrestricted

This thesis explains the process of two researchers conducting a formal analysis of the graphical user interfaces (GUIs), specifically the heads-up displays (HUDs), of the main entries of the two game series The Elder Scrolls (1994 - 2011) and Deus Ex (2000 - 2011). The goal: to see how the evolution of their HUDs over time compare and to analyse them. After playing the games and taking notes about their HUDs, the researchers find that there is a common trend between the two series. The HUDs become more simplified over time, with some non-critical elements of the HUD being removed. They also become more precise at instructing and informing players about how to play the games. While similar additions and changes are made, the timing is different and the researchers conclude that further research is necessary in order to decide if the observed pattern of HUD evolution is unique to the two series or can hold up as a framework for a larger selection of games. As is, this thesis presents the patterns and trends within the heads-up display design of the observed games as well as a library of the observed games’ GUI elements, that future GUI designers and researchers can use to be made aware of past design decisions and revisions that has been common throughout several other games within the genre. / Denna kandidatuppsats går igenom undersökningen utav heads-up displays (Förkortas till HUD, uttalas “hadd”) som en del av de grafiska användargränssnitten tillhörande spelserierna The Elder Scrolls (1994-2011) och Deus Ex (2000-2011). Målet var att se till hur dessa utvecklades med tidens gång. Efter att data hade samlats in från spelen kom författarna fram till att det fanns en gemensam trend för hur HUDar i de två spelserierna utvecklades. Dessa HUDar hade blivit simplifierade med tiden, där icke-kritiska element försvann. De hade också blivit bättre på att instruera och informera spelare i hur de spelar spelen. Samtidigt som liknande tillägg och förändringar skedde för båda spelserierna så skiljde sig tidpunkten för när detta skedde. Författarna kom till slutsatsen att mer forskning är nödvändigt för att det ska kunna fastslås huruvida det observerade mönstret är unikt till de observerade spelserierna eller kan appliceras på andra spelserier också. Denna kandidatuppsats presenterar de mönster, designtrender, samt ett bibliotek av de komponenter, som funnits i datorspelens HUDar och kan användas av gränssnittsdesigners och forskare för att få insikt om tidigare designval och förändringar som har blivit vanligt förekommande genom flera andra spel av samma genre.

The aim of this thesis is design of automatic system for the exchange of milling heads. The diploma thesis was awarded in cooperation with company TRIMILL, a.s. The first part is devoted to a brief analysis of the problems of automation and includes a survey of the current market system of automatic exchange of milling head competing manufacturers. The second part deals with the choice of possible options exchange itself milling heads, the choice of propulsion, guidance etc. Afterwards there is an engineering design of chosen system, the engineering of leading and driving systems, safety features such as detection heads, sensors moving parts of the system and covers the entire system , then analysis of carrier system and covers are made .

"It is an accepted norm of international law that sitting heads of state have immunity from criminal prosecutions. A head of state is normally entitled to immunity from prosecution anywhere, even after he or she is no longer the head of state. However, in recent years we have witnessed the dramatic shift from this customary international law principle where some jurisdictions have been arresting, or threatening to arrest, former and sitting heads of state in order to institute criminal prosecutions against them. There is, however, no uniformity in the application of this action. Those jurisdictions that determine who is to be arrested or prosecuted are so selective that not all those alleged to have committed these crimes are arrested or prosecuted. On the other hand, existing jurisprudence on this subject is not firm in its application. This problem, therefore, calls for harmonisation of the application of the principle of immunity for heads of state in order to make international law reflect the real consent of states. ... The study is divided into four chapters. Chapter one addresses the background on which the study is premised, outlines the statement of the problem, objectives and their significance and the literature review. Chapter two discusses the principle of immunity as developed by prominent international lawyers, courts decisions and other generally applied principles in international law. Chapter three takes the practical application of the principle of head of state immunity against criminal prosecution in interantional law. This involves an examination of the application of the principle from selected national jurisdictions and by the International Court of Justice. Chapter four concludes the discussion and provides for necessary recommendations on the way forward." -- Introduction. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2004. / Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Henry Onoria at the Faculty of Law, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

This study aimed to investigate and describe the School Management Team (SMT) members' understanding of their duties as stipulated in the Personnel Administration Measures (PAM, 1998). A qualitative research approach was used to investigate SMT members' understanding of their duties within school management teams. Principals of three purposively selected Secondary Schools, in the Sepitsi circuit of the Lebowakgomo District of the Limpopo Province of South Africa, acted as participants for this study, together with two purposively selected members of their school's SMT. Each participant was interviewed, using a semi-structured interview. The study was framed by a conceptual framework made up of concepts gleaned from distributed leadership theory, together with the core duties of SMT members as stipulated in the PAM (1998). The main findings of this study are that most principals still have a problem regarding the concept of working as a team and that although participants have access to the PAM document, many have not read it and therefore do not know what their roles on the SMT require. This causes conflict and disunity among SMT members, with a negative impact on leadership and management effectiveness. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Education Management and Policy Studies / MEd / Unrestricted

While many studies have been conducted on the methodology of teaching English, second language (ESL), few have focused on ESL administration, specifically college level ESL administration. This descriptive study analyzed and evaluated the personal and professional characteristics of college level ESL administrators.

The purpose of this thesis is to explore glanceability in a vehicle Heads-Up Display,with a focus on what factors should be considered in order to design for glanceability.The project has been conducted in cooperation with Uniti and Jayway, with theintended outcome to increase the knowledge about how to design glanceable vehicleHeads-Up displays. Through literature research and user-centered approaches, a low-fidelityprototype was created. From usability testing the low-fidelity prototype,knowledge was gained about needs, opportunities, problems, and observations,which was used in order to create a medium-fidelity prototype in a Virtual Realitysetting. Usability tests were conducted on the medium-fidelity prototype, and theresults were used in order to draw conclusions about what are the most importantfactors to consider when designing for a glanceable experience in a HUD. Significantfactors were identified as the need for customisation in the HUD, auditory feedback,as well as relevance and amount of information presented to the user.