O objetivo maior deste trabalho é argumentar em favor de que a informação sobre a estrutura argumental das nominalizações está codificada em núcleos funcionais, os quais podem possuir sabores diferentes, isto é, propriedades diversas como causatividade, eventividade, reflexividade etc., em vez de tal informação estar codificada nas raízes abstratas como assumem autores como: Marantz (1997), Embick (2004), Harley (2008), entre outros. O objetivo específico deste trabalho, por sua vez, é analisar como é formado um grupo de padrões do hebraico, o qual forma nomes de ações (cf. GLINERT, 1989), e mostrar que nem todas as nominalizações são formadas por uma camada verbal, contra Hazout (1995) e Shlonsky (2004). Utilizamos como arcabouço teórico do presente trabalho a Morfologia Distribuída (cf. HALLE; MARANTZ, 1993; MARANTZ, 1997; SIDDIQI, 2009), uma teoria não-lexicalista, a qual propõe que tanto palavras, quanto sentenças são formadas pelas mesmas operações durante a derivação sintática. De modo especial, utilizamos a noção de fase dentro de palavras (cf. MARANTZ, 2001 e ARAD, 2003), para explicar que alguns nominais possuem padrões vocálicos que não são atômicos (contra ARAD, 2005), mas são formados em duas fases: uma fase verbal e outra nominal, enquanto outros nominais são formados em apenas uma fase: a nominal. Em nossa análise, privilegiamos quatro padrões vocálicos formadores de nominais de ação: CCiCa, CiCuC, haCCaCa, hitCCaCut, de modo que encontramos restrições diferentes para cada um dos padrões. Tais restrições dizem respeito a: (i) modificação por adjetivos e advérbios; (ii) possibilidade de alçamento dentro de DPs; (iii) obrigatoriedade de interpretação de um argumento agente e (iv) obrigatoriedade de interpretação reflexiva. Além disso, analisamos os possíveis contextos sintáticos em que são encontrados esse nominais, isto é, analisamos quais são as possibilidades de interação desses nominais com o Construct State, o Free State, a Marca Diferencial de Objeto et e com a presença de uma by phrase. Como resultado da análise, defendemos que o padrão CCiCa seja um padrão formado por apenas uma fase nominal, o que explica a sua impossibilidade de modificação por advérbios genuínos, isto é, advérbios que possuem uma morfologia típica de advérbio. Por sua vez, o padrão CiCuC é formado por duas fases: uma fase verbal, que aceita a modificação por advérbios genuínos; e uma fase nominal, que permite a modificação por adjetivos. Já o padrão haCCaCa foi analisado como formado por apenas uma fase nominal, tanto por causa da sua morfologia, que não apresenta resquícios de uma morfologia verbal, quanto pela sua semântica obrigatoriamente agentiva, que o diferencia do padrão verbal ao qual ele está relacionado. Por fim, consideramos que o padrão hitCCaCut é formado por duas fases, o que está de acordo com a presença de uma morfologia verbal que compõe o padrão e com o tipo de argumento interno que é licenciado. / The main goal of this work is to argue that information over argument structure of nominalizations is coded in functional heads, which can have distinct flavors, that is, distinct properties, such as causativity, eventivity, reflexivity, etc., instead of that information being coded in the abstract roots, as assumed by Marantz (1997), Embick (2004), Harley (2008), among others. The specific object of this work, on the other hand, is to analyze how a certain group of patterns that generates action nouns in Hebrew is formed, and to show that not all nominalizations are formed by a verbal layer, contra Hazout (1995) and Shlonsky (2004). We use, in this work, the theoretical framework of Distributed Morphology (cf. HALLE; MARANTZ, 1993; MARANTZ, 1997; SIDDIQI, 2009), a non-lexicalist theory which claims that both words and sentences are formed by the same operations, within the syntactic derivation. In a special way, we use the notion of phases within words (cf. MARANTZ, 2001 e ARAD, 2003) in order to explain that some nouns possess vocal patterns that are not atomic (contra ARAD, 2005), but are formed in two separate phases: a verbal one, and a nominal one, while other nouns are formed only by the nominal phase. In our analysis, we privilege four noun formation vocal patterns: CCiCa, CiCuC, haCCaCa, hitCCaCut, each one of them bearing a distinct set of restrictions. Such restrictions concern: (i) modification by adjectives and adverbs; (ii) possibility of raising within DPs; (iii) mandatory interpretation of an agentive argument and (iv) mandatory reflexive interpretation. Furthermore, we analyzed the possible syntactic contexts in which these nouns are found, that is, we analyzed which are the possibilities of interaction between these nouns and the Construct State, the Free State, the Differential Object Marker et a the presence of a by phrase. As a result of the analysis, we defend that the pattern CCiCa is formed by only a nominal phase, which explains its impossibility of being modified by genuine adverbs, that is, adverbs that possess adverbial morphology. On the other hand, the pattern CiCuC is formed by two phases: a verbal phase, which accounts for the modification by genuine adverbs; and a nominal phase, which allows for the modification by adjectives. The pattern haCCaCa, in its turn, was analyzes as formed by a nominal phase alone, both because its morphology, which does not present traces of verbal morphology, as for its obligatory agentive semantics, which differentiates it from the verbal pattern to which it is related to. Last, we considered that the pattern hitCCaCut is formed by two phases, which is compatible to the presence of verbal morphology, that composes the pattern, and to the type of argument that is licensed by it.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:30:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiano de Ribeiro.pdf: 4798776 bytes, checksum: dc742910054a60505ae39e1139f1a745 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This dissertation studies the evolution of the drainage network of the surface of Palmas/Agua Doce during the Late Quaternary, seeking to understand the mechanisms that led to the abandonment of and palaeochannels and palaeo valley head observed in the area. For this, we proceeded to: a) a characterization of materials through the description of three stratigraphic sections, HS10, HS13 and HS 20 and the establishing of their respective transects; b) geomorphological mapping in detail scale; and c) characterization of the network of local channels and river basins related to the main waterways, Stream Do Salto and Stream Vigia. The sections HS10 and HS20 correspond to palaeochannels of 2nd order, whereas HS13 to a palaeo valley head. The stratigraphic record and its chronology indicate that the bottoms of the valleys in the study area remained active throughout the Upper Pleistocene, especially among the last interstadial and the Last Glacial Maximum, however, in the transition from the Pleistocene to the Holocene, both bottoms of low-order valleys (<4th order) as the valley head, began to act as target areas of sediment from the slopes, resulting in clogging of the valley bottoms and valley heads. The detail geomorphological mapping shows that the mapped area is divided into four geomorphological compartments: Surface 1, Surface 2, desiccated Sector Surface 2 and Surface 2 with dissection in pediments. Of these the surface 2 assumes prominence to contain abandoned paleochannels and valley heads. The characterization of the network of local channels and river basins was carried out mainly through the analysis of drainage patterns, longitudinal profiles and Basin Asymmetry Factor (FAB). The results indicated the role of the structural control influencing the dynamics of drainage channels. The integration of the results shows that events of tectonic order acted on the surface of Palmas / Agua Doce until 42,000 years AP causing blocks to rise, and the consequent expansion of the network of drainage channels, which promoted the action of erosion. From that age the network of drainage channels passes to the state of dynamic equilibrium, whose stratigraphic records indicate changes of paleohidrológicas order associated with the Last Maximum Glacia (UGM). This phase is marked by the dry season with concentrated rainfall promoting significant erosions. In the passage of the LGM to the Holocene occurs generation of colluvium responsible for clogging of canals and valley heads. To making the clogging possible, perennial channels became especially ephemeral. This fact was associated to the lowering of the water table during the LGM transition to the Holocene. / A presente dissertação estuda a evolução da rede de drenagem da superfície de Palmas/Água Doce durante o Quaternário Tardio, buscando entender os mecanismos que culminaram no abandono de paleocanais e paleocabeceira de drenagem observados na área. Para isso, procedeu-se: a) caracterização dos materiais por meio da descrição de três seções estratigráficas, HS10, HS13 e HS 20 e estabelecimento de seus respectivos transectos; b) mapeamento geomorfológico em escala de detalhe; e c) caracterização da rede de canais locais e das bacias hidrográficas referentes aos principais cursos fluviais, Córrego do Salto e Córrego do Vigia. As seções HS10 e HS20 correspondem a paleocanais de 2a ordem, enquanto a HS13 a uma paleocabeceira de drenagem. O registro estratigráfico e a respectiva cronologia indicam que os fundos dos vales na área estudada se mantiveram ativos ao longo do Pleistoceno Superior, principalmente entre o Último Interestadial e o Último Máximo Glacial, no entanto, na transição do Pleistoceno para o Holoceno, tanto os fundos de vales de baixa ordem (<4ª ordem) quanto as cabeceiras de drenagem, passaram a atuar como áreas de destino dos sedimentos das encostas, culminando na colmatação dos fundos de vales e das cabeceiras de drenagem. O mapeamento geomorfológico de detalhe mostra que área mapeada se encontra dividida em quatros compartimentos geomorfológico: Superfície 1, Superfície 2, Setor dissecado de Superfície 2 e Superfície 2 com Dissecação em Pedimentos. Destes a Superfície 2 assume destaque por conter paleocanais e paleocabeceira de drenagem abandonados. A caracterização da rede de canais locais e das bacias hidrográficas foi realizada principalmente por meio da análise de padrões de drenagem, de perfis longitudinais e do Fator de Assimetria de Bacia (FAB). Os resultados indicaram a atuação do controle estrutural influenciando na dinâmica dos canais de drenagem. A integração dos resultados mostra que eventos de ordem tectônicas atuaram na superfície de Palmas/Água Doce até 42 000 anos AP causando ascensão de blocos, e consequente expansão da rede de canais de drenagem, o que promoveu a ação de processos erosivos. A partir dessa idade a rede de canais de drenagem passa para o estado de equilíbrio dinâmico, cujos registros estratigráficos indicam mudanças de ordem paleohidrológicas associadas ao Último Máximo Glacia (UGM). Essa fase é marcada por período mais seco com chuvas concentradas promovendo erosões significativas. Na passagem do UMG para o Holoceno ocorre geração de coluvio responsável pela colmatação de canais e de cabeceira de drenagem. Para que a colmatação fosse possível, os canais perenes se tornaram, sobretudo, efêmeros. Fato, este, associado ao rebaixamento do lençol freático durante a transição UMG para o Holoceno.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:42:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiano de Ribeiro.pdf: 4798776 bytes, checksum: dc742910054a60505ae39e1139f1a745 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This dissertation studies the evolution of the drainage network of the surface of Palmas/Agua Doce during the Late Quaternary, seeking to understand the mechanisms that led to the abandonment of and palaeochannels and palaeo valley head observed in the area. For this, we proceeded to: a) a characterization of materials through the description of three stratigraphic sections, HS10, HS13 and HS 20 and the establishing of their respective transects; b) geomorphological mapping in detail scale; and c) characterization of the network of local channels and river basins related to the main waterways, Stream Do Salto and Stream Vigia. The sections HS10 and HS20 correspond to palaeochannels of 2nd order, whereas HS13 to a palaeo valley head. The stratigraphic record and its chronology indicate that the bottoms of the valleys in the study area remained active throughout the Upper Pleistocene, especially among the last interstadial and the Last Glacial Maximum, however, in the transition from the Pleistocene to the Holocene, both bottoms of low-order valleys (<4th order) as the valley head, began to act as target areas of sediment from the slopes, resulting in clogging of the valley bottoms and valley heads. The detail geomorphological mapping shows that the mapped area is divided into four geomorphological compartments: Surface 1, Surface 2, desiccated Sector Surface 2 and Surface 2 with dissection in pediments. Of these the surface 2 assumes prominence to contain abandoned paleochannels and valley heads. The characterization of the network of local channels and river basins was carried out mainly through the analysis of drainage patterns, longitudinal profiles and Basin Asymmetry Factor (FAB). The results indicated the role of the structural control influencing the dynamics of drainage channels. The integration of the results shows that events of tectonic order acted on the surface of Palmas / Agua Doce until 42,000 years AP causing blocks to rise, and the consequent expansion of the network of drainage channels, which promoted the action of erosion. From that age the network of drainage channels passes to the state of dynamic equilibrium, whose stratigraphic records indicate changes of paleohidrológicas order associated with the Last Maximum Glacia (UGM). This phase is marked by the dry season with concentrated rainfall promoting significant erosions. In the passage of the LGM to the Holocene occurs generation of colluvium responsible for clogging of canals and valley heads. To making the clogging possible, perennial channels became especially ephemeral. This fact was associated to the lowering of the water table during the LGM transition to the Holocene. / A presente dissertação estuda a evolução da rede de drenagem da superfície de Palmas/Água Doce durante o Quaternário Tardio, buscando entender os mecanismos que culminaram no abandono de paleocanais e paleocabeceira de drenagem observados na área. Para isso, procedeu-se: a) caracterização dos materiais por meio da descrição de três seções estratigráficas, HS10, HS13 e HS 20 e estabelecimento de seus respectivos transectos; b) mapeamento geomorfológico em escala de detalhe; e c) caracterização da rede de canais locais e das bacias hidrográficas referentes aos principais cursos fluviais, Córrego do Salto e Córrego do Vigia. As seções HS10 e HS20 correspondem a paleocanais de 2a ordem, enquanto a HS13 a uma paleocabeceira de drenagem. O registro estratigráfico e a respectiva cronologia indicam que os fundos dos vales na área estudada se mantiveram ativos ao longo do Pleistoceno Superior, principalmente entre o Último Interestadial e o Último Máximo Glacial, no entanto, na transição do Pleistoceno para o Holoceno, tanto os fundos de vales de baixa ordem (<4ª ordem) quanto as cabeceiras de drenagem, passaram a atuar como áreas de destino dos sedimentos das encostas, culminando na colmatação dos fundos de vales e das cabeceiras de drenagem. O mapeamento geomorfológico de detalhe mostra que área mapeada se encontra dividida em quatros compartimentos geomorfológico: Superfície 1, Superfície 2, Setor dissecado de Superfície 2 e Superfície 2 com Dissecação em Pedimentos. Destes a Superfície 2 assume destaque por conter paleocanais e paleocabeceira de drenagem abandonados. A caracterização da rede de canais locais e das bacias hidrográficas foi realizada principalmente por meio da análise de padrões de drenagem, de perfis longitudinais e do Fator de Assimetria de Bacia (FAB). Os resultados indicaram a atuação do controle estrutural influenciando na dinâmica dos canais de drenagem. A integração dos resultados mostra que eventos de ordem tectônicas atuaram na superfície de Palmas/Água Doce até 42 000 anos AP causando ascensão de blocos, e consequente expansão da rede de canais de drenagem, o que promoveu a ação de processos erosivos. A partir dessa idade a rede de canais de drenagem passa para o estado de equilíbrio dinâmico, cujos registros estratigráficos indicam mudanças de ordem paleohidrológicas associadas ao Último Máximo Glacia (UGM). Essa fase é marcada por período mais seco com chuvas concentradas promovendo erosões significativas. Na passagem do UMG para o Holoceno ocorre geração de coluvio responsável pela colmatação de canais e de cabeceira de drenagem. Para que a colmatação fosse possível, os canais perenes se tornaram, sobretudo, efêmeros. Fato, este, associado ao rebaixamento do lençol freático durante a transição UMG para o Holoceno.

O objetivo maior deste trabalho é argumentar em favor de que a informação sobre a estrutura argumental das nominalizações está codificada em núcleos funcionais, os quais podem possuir sabores diferentes, isto é, propriedades diversas como causatividade, eventividade, reflexividade etc., em vez de tal informação estar codificada nas raízes abstratas como assumem autores como: Marantz (1997), Embick (2004), Harley (2008), entre outros. O objetivo específico deste trabalho, por sua vez, é analisar como é formado um grupo de padrões do hebraico, o qual forma nomes de ações (cf. GLINERT, 1989), e mostrar que nem todas as nominalizações são formadas por uma camada verbal, contra Hazout (1995) e Shlonsky (2004). Utilizamos como arcabouço teórico do presente trabalho a Morfologia Distribuída (cf. HALLE; MARANTZ, 1993; MARANTZ, 1997; SIDDIQI, 2009), uma teoria não-lexicalista, a qual propõe que tanto palavras, quanto sentenças são formadas pelas mesmas operações durante a derivação sintática. De modo especial, utilizamos a noção de fase dentro de palavras (cf. MARANTZ, 2001 e ARAD, 2003), para explicar que alguns nominais possuem padrões vocálicos que não são atômicos (contra ARAD, 2005), mas são formados em duas fases: uma fase verbal e outra nominal, enquanto outros nominais são formados em apenas uma fase: a nominal. Em nossa análise, privilegiamos quatro padrões vocálicos formadores de nominais de ação: CCiCa, CiCuC, haCCaCa, hitCCaCut, de modo que encontramos restrições diferentes para cada um dos padrões. Tais restrições dizem respeito a: (i) modificação por adjetivos e advérbios; (ii) possibilidade de alçamento dentro de DPs; (iii) obrigatoriedade de interpretação de um argumento agente e (iv) obrigatoriedade de interpretação reflexiva. Além disso, analisamos os possíveis contextos sintáticos em que são encontrados esse nominais, isto é, analisamos quais são as possibilidades de interação desses nominais com o Construct State, o Free State, a Marca Diferencial de Objeto et e com a presença de uma by phrase. Como resultado da análise, defendemos que o padrão CCiCa seja um padrão formado por apenas uma fase nominal, o que explica a sua impossibilidade de modificação por advérbios genuínos, isto é, advérbios que possuem uma morfologia típica de advérbio. Por sua vez, o padrão CiCuC é formado por duas fases: uma fase verbal, que aceita a modificação por advérbios genuínos; e uma fase nominal, que permite a modificação por adjetivos. Já o padrão haCCaCa foi analisado como formado por apenas uma fase nominal, tanto por causa da sua morfologia, que não apresenta resquícios de uma morfologia verbal, quanto pela sua semântica obrigatoriamente agentiva, que o diferencia do padrão verbal ao qual ele está relacionado. Por fim, consideramos que o padrão hitCCaCut é formado por duas fases, o que está de acordo com a presença de uma morfologia verbal que compõe o padrão e com o tipo de argumento interno que é licenciado. / The main goal of this work is to argue that information over argument structure of nominalizations is coded in functional heads, which can have distinct flavors, that is, distinct properties, such as causativity, eventivity, reflexivity, etc., instead of that information being coded in the abstract roots, as assumed by Marantz (1997), Embick (2004), Harley (2008), among others. The specific object of this work, on the other hand, is to analyze how a certain group of patterns that generates action nouns in Hebrew is formed, and to show that not all nominalizations are formed by a verbal layer, contra Hazout (1995) and Shlonsky (2004). We use, in this work, the theoretical framework of Distributed Morphology (cf. HALLE; MARANTZ, 1993; MARANTZ, 1997; SIDDIQI, 2009), a non-lexicalist theory which claims that both words and sentences are formed by the same operations, within the syntactic derivation. In a special way, we use the notion of phases within words (cf. MARANTZ, 2001 e ARAD, 2003) in order to explain that some nouns possess vocal patterns that are not atomic (contra ARAD, 2005), but are formed in two separate phases: a verbal one, and a nominal one, while other nouns are formed only by the nominal phase. In our analysis, we privilege four noun formation vocal patterns: CCiCa, CiCuC, haCCaCa, hitCCaCut, each one of them bearing a distinct set of restrictions. Such restrictions concern: (i) modification by adjectives and adverbs; (ii) possibility of raising within DPs; (iii) mandatory interpretation of an agentive argument and (iv) mandatory reflexive interpretation. Furthermore, we analyzed the possible syntactic contexts in which these nouns are found, that is, we analyzed which are the possibilities of interaction between these nouns and the Construct State, the Free State, the Differential Object Marker et a the presence of a by phrase. As a result of the analysis, we defend that the pattern CCiCa is formed by only a nominal phase, which explains its impossibility of being modified by genuine adverbs, that is, adverbs that possess adverbial morphology. On the other hand, the pattern CiCuC is formed by two phases: a verbal phase, which accounts for the modification by genuine adverbs; and a nominal phase, which allows for the modification by adjectives. The pattern haCCaCa, in its turn, was analyzes as formed by a nominal phase alone, both because its morphology, which does not present traces of verbal morphology, as for its obligatory agentive semantics, which differentiates it from the verbal pattern to which it is related to. Last, we considered that the pattern hitCCaCut is formed by two phases, which is compatible to the presence of verbal morphology, that composes the pattern, and to the type of argument that is licensed by it.

<p>Today older people’s health and life quality are current topics of conversation in society. The number of old people is increasing and their health is deteriorating, that is why there is a need of new ways of meeting their necessities. In this study we have tried to illustrate heads of districts reasoning concerning pets’ significance for old people in special housing. The purpose of the study is to investigate the management’s awareness and preparedness around and also management of pets in special housing in a county. We have also had a look at the practical work with pets in special housing. The material in the study comes from qualitative interviews. One geriatric care manager and six heads of districts with the responsibility of special housing for old people under municipal management have been interviewed. In our interpretation we have used Brülde’s theory (2003) of life quality called “a mixed theory of happy character”. Brülde combines elements from hedonism, the theory of fulfillment of wishes and from the objective pluralism to make his own theory. The result from the study shows that all heads of districts are positive to have pets in special housing and that all special housing has or has had pets in some form. The contact with pets gives many old people a better life quality with happiness, an increased well-being and decreases the sense of loneliness.</p>

Today older people’s health and life quality are current topics of conversation in society. The number of old people is increasing and their health is deteriorating, that is why there is a need of new ways of meeting their necessities. In this study we have tried to illustrate heads of districts reasoning concerning pets’ significance for old people in special housing. The purpose of the study is to investigate the management’s awareness and preparedness around and also management of pets in special housing in a county. We have also had a look at the practical work with pets in special housing. The material in the study comes from qualitative interviews. One geriatric care manager and six heads of districts with the responsibility of special housing for old people under municipal management have been interviewed. In our interpretation we have used Brülde’s theory (2003) of life quality called “a mixed theory of happy character”. Brülde combines elements from hedonism, the theory of fulfillment of wishes and from the objective pluralism to make his own theory. The result from the study shows that all heads of districts are positive to have pets in special housing and that all special housing has or has had pets in some form. The contact with pets gives many old people a better life quality with happiness, an increased well-being and decreases the sense of loneliness.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Bern, 2002.

A large and growing body of scholarship has suggested that income poverty has recently decreased in post-apartheid South Africa. Evidence for an overall drop in poverty rates notwithstanding, there has been very little work which has examined the gendered nature of poverty. There have, however, been important changes over the period which might suggest that poverty trends have been gendered. On the one hand, for example, the post-apartheid period has seen the expansion of several grants to support the care-givers of children and the elderly as well as employment growth for women. On the other hand, this same period has been characterised by declining marital rates, rising rates of female unemployment, and women increasingly overrepresented in low-wage work, changes which would be expected to have negative implications for women's economic well-being. This thesis uses nationally representative household survey data from the October Household Surveys (1997 and 1999) and the General Household Surveys (2004 and 2006) to investigate gendered trends in income poverty in several different ways. It examines first, whether females are more likely to live in poor households than males, and whether this has changed over time; and second, how poverty has changed among female- and male-headed households. The thesis also considers why females and female-headed households are more vulnerable to poverty and why the poverty differential between males and females (and female- and male-headed households) may have widened over time. Given the criticism of headship based analyses of income poverty, the thesis also investigates poverty and female headship in greater detail by adopting several alternative definitions of female headship that are commonly used in the literature. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.

The aims of this study were to determine: • The nature of job stress. • Factors causing job stress in management personnel. • The perceived severity or intensity of job stress in management personnel in secondary schools. • The frequency of occurrence of job stress in management personnel in secondary schools. In order to achieve these aims a literature study and empirical investigation were undertaken. The data was investigated and evaluated and certain conclusions were made. Appropriate primary and secondary sources were used in the literature study. A DIALOG search was conducted using the following key words: job stress, occupational stress, career stress, work stress, management and education. The nature of job stress and factors causing job stress in management personnel were discussed. Spielberger's Job Stress Survey (JSS) was used for the empirical investigation. This questionnaire was designed to determine the amount of stress associated with a particular event and the frequency of its occurrence. The population consisted of the management teams (principals, deputy principals and heads of department) of 180 randomly selected secondary schools throughout South Africa. The management teams of 102 secondary schools throughout South Africa constituted the sample. The data obtained in the empirical investigation was statistically analysed and interpreted. In conclusion the study was summarised, findings were reported and specific recommendations were made for implementation in practice and for further research. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2000

The aims of this study were to determine: • The nature of job stress. • Factors causing job stress in management personnel. • The perceived severity or intensity of job stress in management personnel in secondary schools. • The frequency of occurrence of job stress in management personnel in secondary schools. In order to achieve these aims a literature study and empirical investigation were undertaken. The data was investigated and evaluated and certain conclusions were made. Appropriate primary and secondary sources were used in the literature study. A DIALOG search was conducted using the following key words: job stress, occupational stress, career stress, work stress, management and education. The nature of job stress and factors causing job stress in management personnel were discussed. Spielberger's Job Stress Survey (JSS) was used for the empirical investigation. This questionnaire was designed to determine the amount of stress associated with a particular event and the frequency of its occurrence. The population consisted of the management teams (principals, deputy principals and heads of department) of 180 randomly selected secondary schools throughout South Africa. The management teams of 102 secondary schools throughout South Africa constituted the sample. The data obtained in the empirical investigation was statistically analysed and interpreted. In conclusion the study was summarised, findings were reported and specific recommendations were made for implementation in practice and for further research. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2000