The thesis deals with the topic of safety and health protection of pre-school children. It focuses on education opportunities for children in nursery school. The aim of the work is to highlight the importance of health and safety education for pre-school-age children and to propose the subsequent possible implementation of a project called Safe in danger into the education of pre- school-age children. The work summaries theoretical knowledge about the developmental peculiarities of a child of pre-school age and possible risks of accidents. There is a condensed legislative framework that is binding on pre-school education, which implies principles for the safety and health of children and presents the expected outcomes formulated in the Framework Education Programme for pre-school education in the area. The theoretical section points to an investigation in the field of selected issues by the Czech School Inspection and presents an overview of programs, projects and materials that can be used to educate children on this issue. The empirical part of the work uses the method of action research. It includes a questionnaire survey, an analysis of school documents that lead to the safety and health of children in nursery school and the design of the project. At the end of the research, due to the...

Introduction: Education of physiotherapists still fails to meet the health and social needs of society. One instrument to steer change in health sciences education is a re-designed curriculum. The overall intent of this study was to develop standards of competencies, teaching and learning strategies, and assessment, for an undergraduate community physiotherapy curriculum in South Africa. The grounding for this research was pragmatism. The Six-step model for curriculum development and the Clinical Prevention and Population Health Curriculum framework guided the research process and main analysis. Methods : A sequential mixed method design was used. First, a two-phase parallel situation analysis was conducted which included a qualitative document analysis of community physiotherapy curricula of the eight physiotherapy university departments in South Africa and a review of health policy documents. The experience of 12 purposively selected physiotherapists who had completed a compulsory community service year was qualitatively explored through interviews within an appreciative inquiry stance. In phase 2, input was gained from physiotherapists, from all ecological levels, on the community physiotherapy curriculum through a Delphi study. Three rounds were used. Round 1 explored the roles of physiotherapy in community health, round 2 quantified consensus in overarching competency domains, and round 3 gathered learning and teaching, and assessment, strategies to gain these competencies. Results : All eight universities had gaps in their community physiotherapy curriculum and were variedly aligned with South African health policies and health profile. Graduates need to be able to provide physiotherapy over the lifespan, to conditions mirroring the quadruple burden of disease, in settings varying from hospitals to homes of clients, with emphasis on health education and promotion within an interprofessional team. They must be prepared for suboptimal practice environments and to utilise the compulsory community service year as a gateway in professional development. Graduates need resilience to cope during the year and awareness about the importance of identifying a mentor in the frequent absence of a profession-specific supervisor. Community physiotherapy needs three core knowledge and skill sets; i.e. clinical physiotherapy, population health and community development. Consensus of 70%+ was gained on competency criteria in the domains of the following professional roles: clinician, professional, communicator and collaborator, scholar, health promoter, public health practitioner, community developer (change agent), and manager/leader. Service-learning was identified as a strategy to develop these roles supported by learning and assessment portfolios. Reflection in different formats – essays, presentations, case analysis, projects such as community wellness programmes, diaries - is a core activity to facilitate learning. A range of complementary strategies were suggested that included direct observation, role-play, and journal clubs. Core to assessment for professional competencies is for the students to be able to give evidence of their own learning (e.g. in a portfolio or oral examination) and to get frequent formative feedback. Conclusion : The physiotherapy profession is important for improving the health status of the South African population. Physiotherapy students should be educated to take on relevant professional roles through the application of appropriate educational standards. The study recommends that the curriculum standards be implemented and evaluated and that the application of complex theory in the further development and implementation of the curriculum be investigated. Lastly, future research in the generic professional domains, such as public health and community development, should be interprofessional in nature. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2013 / Physiology / Unrestricted

Magister Pharmaceuticae - MPharm / The World Health Organisation (WHO) has stated that “there is no health without a workforce” (Campbell et al., 2013). The health workforce is essential for every health care system. The availability, accessibility and quality of health care workers play an important role in improving and overcoming health system challenges, in particular the call to universal health coverage (UHC) as stipulated in sustainable development goal 3. It has been observed that there is limited collaboration between healthcare systems and academic institutions. According to an article by Frenk et al., 2010, this limited collaboration has resulted in a mismatch between health care graduates’ competencies (such as inter-professional collaboration) and the needs of the population that they serve. One of the problems of health education institutions is the emphasis on curriculum content and learning methods as opposed to social purpose and moral obligations. / 2021-08-30

The thessis deals with the health education by the pupils with special educational needs on the primary school. This work is based on the pupils of the first grade of the primary school. The first chapter give the defination of the health, of the determiners of the health and mainly describe the health education as the subjekt, which is the part of the school curriculum. In the second part is the attention aim on the charakterization of the pupils with special educational needs, on the way of they education and the opportunities in support of educational process. The groupes of the pupils with educational needs are describe in the way of they educational needs. Research part give in the third chapter the answers of the questions about the way of connection of the pupils with special educational needs to the subjekt health education, it was used the method of the qualitative research made by the structured interview. The main result is, that the connection of this pupils to the education in the field of support in health is very important and the mutual cooperation with the common population is for the pupils with educational needs the great benefit for their future live. It's about mutual enrichment of the boath groupes and their inherent cooperation in the inclusion process. The result is the...

While the body of evidence supporting the use of simulation-based learning in the education of health professionals is growing, howor why simulation-based learning works is not yet understood. There is a clear need for evidence, grounded in contemporary educational theory, to clarify the features of simulation instructional design that optimize learning outcomes and efficiency in health care professional students. Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) is a theoretical framework focused on a learner’s working memory capacity. One principle of CLT is example based learning. While this principle has been applied in both traditional classroom and laboratory settings, and has shown positive performance and learning outcomes, example based learning has not yet been applied to the simulation setting. This study had two main objectives: to explore if the example-based learning principle could successfully be applied to the simulation learning environment, and to establish response process validation evidence for a tool designed to measure types of cognitive load. Fifty-eight novice students from nursing, podiatric medicine, physician assistant, physical and occupational therapy programs participated in a blinded randomized control study. The dependent variable was the simulation brief. Participants were randomly assigned to either a traditional brief or a facilitated tutored problem brief. Performance outcomes were measured with verbal communications skill presented in the Introduction, Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation (I-SBAR) format. Response process evidence was collected from cognitive interviews of 11 students. Results indicate participation in a tutored problem brief led to statistically significant differences at t(52)=-3.259, p=.002 in verbal communication performance compared to students who participated in a traditional brief. Effect size for this comparison was d=(6.06-4.61)/1.63 = .89 (95% CI 0.32-1.44). Response process evidence demonstrated that additional factors unique to the simulationlearning environment should be accounted for when measuring cognitive load in simulation based learning (SBL). This study suggests that example based learning principles can be successfully applied to SBL and result in positive performance outcomes for health professions students. Additionally, measures of cognitive load do not appear to capture all contribution toload imposed by the simulation environment.

Competence committees are groups of educators that monitor the progress of medical trainees and decide when they should be promoted to the next stage of training. They represent an important part of modern-day competency-based medical education programs, yet relatively little is known about their implementation and decision-making practices. This thesis seeks to fill a critical gap in the literature by generating empirical evidence with respect to competence committee implementation and decision-making practices across multiple programs. The first data chapter uses a multi-method approach to examine competence committee implementation practices at a Canadian institution over a three-year period. The second and third chapters examine how individuals and groups make promotion decisions, respectively. These chapters also consider the role of non-traditional data sources, such as anecdotal evidence, in competence committees’ decision-making processes. The final data chapter considers the role of social influences and power and examines how factors such as members’ position on the committee, gender, and race/ethnicity influence their contributions to the committee. This thesis provides insight into some of the challenges that exist with respect to competence committee implementation and offers potential solutions based on best practices across multiple programs. It also highlights factors that can influence competence committee decision making and discusses ways that their decision-making processes can be optimized. Broader implications of this thesis, including the role of groups in solving complex problems and the importance of diversity (both in terms of demographics and functional specialization) in ensuring good decision-making outcomes, are also discussed. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Competence committees are groups of experienced health professionals and educators whose job is to determine whether physician learners (i.e., residents) are ready to progress to the next stage of training and responsibility. These committees are relatively new, and as a result, we do not know very much about how they make decisions. Given the importance of competence committees in ensuring that physicians are able to provide high-quality and safe patient care, the purpose of this thesis was to examine competence committee implementation and decision-making practices at a Canadian academic centre. This took place in two parts. First, we studied competence committees over a three-year period using surveys, interviews, and observations. This helped us understand some of their benefits and challenges. Next, we conducted a series of experiments to understand how competence committee members make decisions both individually and as part of a group. These experiments also helped us understand how competence committees make sense of different types of data, such as prior knowledge about a resident or their assessors. Finally, we examined how various aspects of members’ social identities, such as their position on the committee, their gender, and their race/ethnicity, influence their contributions to the committee. Collectively, the findings of this thesis help to advance the scientific literature in the areas of medical education and group decision making. They can also be used to optimize competence committee operations, which can in turn positively impact patients, healthcare, and society.

Training delivered to medical students and residents in behavioral health is widely acknowledged to be inadequate. While the use of standardized patients is common in medical training and education for physical health conditions via the adherence to clinical protocols for evaluation and treatment, this approach is infrequently used for behavioral health conditions. Used under specific circumstances, standardized patient encounters have long been considered a reliable method of training and assessing trainee performance on addressing physical health conditions, and are even comparable to ratings of directly observed encounters with real patients. This paper discusses common issues and challenges that arise in using standardized patients in behavioral health. Although current evidence of its value is modest and challenges in implementation exist, the use of standardized patients holds promise for medical training and education and as an evaluation tool in behavioral health.

Despite a mandated 1-month rotation in developmental-behavioral pediatrics (DBP), pediatric residents report inadequate training in behavioral health care. As a first step in much needed curriculum development in this area, this study sought to assess learner experiences regarding the management of behavioral health problems during residency. Four focus groups were conducted for residents in years 1-3 of training in 2 residency programs in a northeastern state. Transcripts were analyzed and coded by researchers through qualitative classical content analysis. The exploratory analysis revealed 9 key themes: time requirements, rapport building, resources and referrals for behavioral health, psychiatric medications, diagnosis vs. treatment, working with families, the importance of behavioral health, fears of working with a pediatric population, and training issues. These qualitative data further identify gaps in the behavioral health training of pediatric residents and may inform future innovations in training curricula.

Not many studies have been conducted in the past to determine patients' level of satisfaction in academic dental hygiene settings. This patient satisfaction study analyzed the level of patient satisfaction with the dental hygiene clinic at East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN. The purpose of the study was to determine if there was a statistically significant influence of demographic characteristics of the patients and the affective behavior of the care providers on level of patient satisfaction. It was concluded that except for age, other demographic variables did not have any statistically significant influence on patient satisfaction. Also, care provider's affective behavior significantly influenced patient satisfaction. Overall, the dental hygiene patients were satisfied with the clinic. As patients' needs are prioritized in this customer-driven industry, such positive patient satisfaction data can be used for the welfare of the patients, the care providers, and the health care organization.

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