Nonadherence to medications for chronic illnesses is a public health problem that requires education related to its illnesses and medications in order to reduce morbidity, mortality, and health care costs, and to improve quality of life. Scholars have identified that morbidity and mortality are much higher among African Americans due to poor medication adherence when compared to Euro-Americans. This study focused on African Americans to increase their medication adherence with chronic illnesses. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of using different educational methods to enhance medication adherence. The social cognitive theory and the theory of planned behavior were used as a foundation to develop this quantitative study. Three validated tools were used to assess the effectiveness of educational methods to see if there would be any increase in knowledge, self-efficacy, and change in health beliefs. A sample size of 144 African Americans in Chicago with chronic illnesses was randomized to an experimental group that received education on medication adherence for a period of 8 weeks through lecture, video presentation, roleplaying, and group discussion. A control group received regular education for the same 8 weeks. ANOVA, ANCOVA, and MANOVA statistical methods were used to analyze the findings that reported no statistical significance in the knowledge difference scores F(1,261) = 0.17, p = 0.678, self-efficacy difference scores F(1,259) = 0.96, p = 0.328, and health beliefs difference scores F(4,258) = 0.46, p = 0.765. This study contributes to social change by identifying a public health problem which can be improved by adding and testing other variables such as fatigue and cognitive and sensory deficits associated with chronic illnesses, which could yield a more valuable in-depth understanding.

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This dissertation reports on the findings of a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual study into the health beliefs and practices of urban Pares, living in Moshi, Kilimanjaro Region, in Tanzania. The study utilised aspects of the transcultural nursing framework. Semi-structured interviews were used for data gathering with a sample of nine urban Pare informants. Data were analysed thematically. The major findings indicate that health beliefs arise from magico-religious, holistic and scientific paradigms. It was also found that beliefs and behaviour patterns are changing. These findings are discussed in terms of the two major themes, namely, multiple world views and change and continuity. Recommendations arising from the findings are made which may assist health workers to provide culturally congruent care. / Health Studies / (M.A. (Health Studies))

As afecções da coluna vertebral causam dores no jovem e trabalhador originando uma limitação na sua qualidade de vida. Para a sociedade, essas afecções são uma fonte de gastos devido a tendência a cronicidade e o absenteismo. Os inúmeros tratamentos são sintomáticos, o que dificulta a completa resolução dessas afecções doloridas. Muitos estudos têm demonstrado que é possível fazer a prevenção das recidivas das dores da coluna através da educação de pacientes como ocorre na denominada \"Escola de Postura\", por nós introduzida no país em 1973. A fim de analisar os fatores sócio-demográficos e emocionais que motivam a participação das pessoas na Escola de Postura, aplicou-se um questionário baseado no Modelo de Crenças de Saúde. Foi construido um questionário, contendo 66 perguntas (11 abertas e 55 fechadas) o qual foi aplicado, em duas etapas, em 166 funcionários públicos, trabalhadores ligados ao Estado, que frequentam o Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo. Na primeira etapa exploratória, 134 funcionários foram entrevistados. Ao aplicar-se a análise estatística de regressão logística foi possível determinar um ponto de corte adequado, em 10 questões do modelo estatisticamente significantes, considerada como possíveis fatores preditivos em relação ao comparecimento ou não à Escola de Postura. O sexo e o fumo foram as duas únicas variáveis dos fatores sócio-demográficos e emocionais que tiveram significância estatística ao nível de 5 por cento . Essas 12 questões apresentaram um valor preditivo de 88 por cento de acerto em relação aos 134 funcionários públicos entrevistados, numa ação de saúde voltada para prevenção de novas recidivas de dores na coluna. Na 2ª etapa, chamada probatória, foi aplicado probatória, foi aplicado funcionários públicos um questionário reduzido de doze questões, duas sobre fumo e sexo e dez perguntas do Modelo de Crenças. Constatou-se que houve um acerto de 65,6 por cento da previsão do comportamento. Dentro das premissas básicas do modelo as questões que tratavam da gravidade e barreiras, como era de se esperar, foram as que mais permitiram prever os participantes ou não da Escola de Postura. / Spine conditions cause young individuals and in workmen, causing a limitation in the quality of life. For society, these diseases are the source of extra expenses to the tendency of chronicity and absenteeism. The countless treatments are symptomatic and the painful condition rather arduous to be solved. Several studies have demonstrated that it is possible to prevent a relapse of the back bone conditions, by teaching and training the patients at the called \"Back School\" that we introduced in Brazil in 1973 (\"Escola de Postura\"). In order to analyze which were the socio-demographic and emotional factors that stimulated participation of the individuais in the \"Dack School\", a questionnaire based on the HEALTH BELIEF MODEL was applied. An original questionnaire of 66 items (11 opened and 55 closed was prepared and applied at two different periods 166 public servants, workmen related to the State ande attending the \"Hospital do Servidor Publico Estadual\" de Sao Paulo. During the first exploratory term, 134 public servants were interviewed and when the multiple statistical analyses of logistic regression was made, it was possible to determine an adequate score value, in 10 questions that showed to be statistically significant as predictive factors in relation to attendance frequency to the \"Black School\". Sex and smoking were the only two items of the socio demographic and emotional factors that offered a significative statistic. Those 12 questions had a right predictive value 88 per cent in relation to the 134 public servants interviewed, in a health action aiming prevention of new relapses of spine pain. During the 2nd. step called probation, 32 public servants took a test reduced to 12 questions, two on smoking and sex and 10 questions of the HEALTH BELIEF MODEL, a percentage of 65,6 per cent was correct on the behavior assumption. Within the basic premises of the model, the questions dealing with barriers and severity as expected, were the ones that really permi tted to foresee who participated or did not in the \"Back School\".

As afecções da coluna vertebral causam dores no jovem e trabalhador originando uma limitação na sua qualidade de vida. Para a sociedade, essas afecções são uma fonte de gastos devido a tendência a cronicidade e o absenteismo. Os inúmeros tratamentos são sintomáticos, o que dificulta a completa resolução dessas afecções doloridas. Muitos estudos têm demonstrado que é possível fazer a prevenção das recidivas das dores da coluna através da educação de pacientes como ocorre na denominada \"Escola de Postura\", por nós introduzida no país em 1973. A fim de analisar os fatores sócio-demográficos e emocionais que motivam a participação das pessoas na Escola de Postura, aplicou-se um questionário baseado no Modelo de Crenças de Saúde. Foi construido um questionário, contendo 66 perguntas (11 abertas e 55 fechadas) o qual foi aplicado, em duas etapas, em 166 funcionários públicos, trabalhadores ligados ao Estado, que frequentam o Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo. Na primeira etapa exploratória, 134 funcionários foram entrevistados. Ao aplicar-se a análise estatística de regressão logística foi possível determinar um ponto de corte adequado, em 10 questões do modelo estatisticamente significantes, considerada como possíveis fatores preditivos em relação ao comparecimento ou não à Escola de Postura. O sexo e o fumo foram as duas únicas variáveis dos fatores sócio-demográficos e emocionais que tiveram significância estatística ao nível de 5 por cento . Essas 12 questões apresentaram um valor preditivo de 88 por cento de acerto em relação aos 134 funcionários públicos entrevistados, numa ação de saúde voltada para prevenção de novas recidivas de dores na coluna. Na 2ª etapa, chamada probatória, foi aplicado probatória, foi aplicado funcionários públicos um questionário reduzido de doze questões, duas sobre fumo e sexo e dez perguntas do Modelo de Crenças. Constatou-se que houve um acerto de 65,6 por cento da previsão do comportamento. Dentro das premissas básicas do modelo as questões que tratavam da gravidade e barreiras, como era de se esperar, foram as que mais permitiram prever os participantes ou não da Escola de Postura. / Spine conditions cause young individuals and in workmen, causing a limitation in the quality of life. For society, these diseases are the source of extra expenses to the tendency of chronicity and absenteeism. The countless treatments are symptomatic and the painful condition rather arduous to be solved. Several studies have demonstrated that it is possible to prevent a relapse of the back bone conditions, by teaching and training the patients at the called \"Back School\" that we introduced in Brazil in 1973 (\"Escola de Postura\"). In order to analyze which were the socio-demographic and emotional factors that stimulated participation of the individuais in the \"Dack School\", a questionnaire based on the HEALTH BELIEF MODEL was applied. An original questionnaire of 66 items (11 opened and 55 closed was prepared and applied at two different periods 166 public servants, workmen related to the State ande attending the \"Hospital do Servidor Publico Estadual\" de Sao Paulo. During the first exploratory term, 134 public servants were interviewed and when the multiple statistical analyses of logistic regression was made, it was possible to determine an adequate score value, in 10 questions that showed to be statistically significant as predictive factors in relation to attendance frequency to the \"Black School\". Sex and smoking were the only two items of the socio demographic and emotional factors that offered a significative statistic. Those 12 questions had a right predictive value 88 per cent in relation to the 134 public servants interviewed, in a health action aiming prevention of new relapses of spine pain. During the 2nd. step called probation, 32 public servants took a test reduced to 12 questions, two on smoking and sex and 10 questions of the HEALTH BELIEF MODEL, a percentage of 65,6 per cent was correct on the behavior assumption. Within the basic premises of the model, the questions dealing with barriers and severity as expected, were the ones that really permi tted to foresee who participated or did not in the \"Back School\".

The self-care management of sickle cell disease (SCD) improves mortality rate; however, compliance with SCD self-care management remains a problem. The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge and factors that influence compliance with SCD self-care management recommendations among caregivers of children with SCD. The health belief model was used as the theoretical foundation of this study, theorizing that caregivers' perceived susceptibility, severity, and benefits of SCD self-care management will influence compliance. The study used a quantitative research design. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 100 caregivers of children with SCD attending sickle cell clinics in Lagos, Nigeria using convenience sampling. Information was obtained from participants using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and binary logistic regression techniques. Findings confirmed a high adherence rate but low knowledge of SCD self-care management among the caregivers of children with SCD. There was no significant correlation between knowledge of SCD self-care management and adherence. However, the findings from the multivariate analysis identified knowledge as a predictor of adherence and religiosity and total number of barriers as barriers to adherence. Parental health beliefs did not influence adherence to SCD self-care management. These findings have social change implications by guiding the work of health educators, health care providers, and public health practitioners to incorporate group counseling on SCD self-care management at every sickle cell clinic.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SUE ELLEN FERREIRA MODESTO.pdf: 433923 bytes, checksum: 99674d08cee129c91f0e566b9b767d11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-08 / The diabetes mellitus type 1 generally occurs in infancy or adolescence and is reported dramatically in the parents' life. The family is fundamental in the treatment of the patient: It represents the foundation that will influence in the acceptance or not of the disease by the carrier. Because of this, the objectives of this study were described, the health beliefs of parents of carrying children with diabetes mellitus type 1 and understanding behaviors and psychics change that will possibly influence in the relation of the treatment. 13 people were investigated, 11 month to 10 years old children’s parents with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1, through an interview for attainment the health beliefs. The analyses of the data had been carried through the basis of the model of “health beliefs”. This model analyzed: impact of the diagnosis, susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, self-efficacy and present expectations of the future. The results had shown that the parents had difficulties, fears and unreliabilities, for the illness of their children. When telling the situations lived since the diagnosis until the current moment, in all the stages, the parents disclose intense suffering. They constantly are invaded from fear of loss, in the present as in the future in function of the complications of the illness. From these results is recommend that the parents receive a support from a team of health professionals with specific knowledge and with purpose to inform on the illness and how to minimize the fears and unreliabilities that create obstacles for the adhesion to the treatment. We expected with this type of support improve the quality of life of the patient and their family. / O Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 geralmente ocorre na infância ou adolescência e repercute de forma dramática na vida dos pais. A família é fundamental no tratamento do paciente: representa o alicerce que influenciará na aceitação ou não da enfermidade por parte do portador. Por isso, os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever as convicções de saúde de pais de crianças portadoras de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 e compreender mudanças comportamentais e psíquicas que possam influenciar na conduta em relação ao tratamento. Investigou-se 13 pessoas, pais de crianças de 11 meses a 10 anos portadoras de Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1, por intermédio de uma entrevista para levantamento e descrição de fatores de convicção de saúde. Os dados foram avaliados com base em um modelo de “convicção de saúde”. Esse modelo avaliou: impacto do diagnóstico, suscetibilidade, severidade, benefícios, barreiras, eficácia própria e expectativa de futuro de cada um dos pais. Os resultados mostraram que os pais experimentam dificuldades, medos e inseguranças, pela doença do filho. Ao relatarem as situações vividas desde o diagnóstico até o momento atual, em todas as etapas, os pais revelam intenso sofrimento. Eles são constantemente invadidos por medo de perda tanto no presente como no futuro em função das complicações da doença. A partir desses resultados recomenda-se que os pais recebam atendimento de uma equipe multidisciplinar com conhecimento específico e com a finalidade de informar sobre a doença e aplacar os medos e inseguranças que criam obstáculos para a adesão ao tratamento. Espera-se com este tipo de atendimento melhorar e a qualidade de vida do paciente e de sua família.

This dissertation reports on the findings of a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual study into the health beliefs and practices of urban Pares, living in Moshi, Kilimanjaro Region, in Tanzania. The study utilised aspects of the transcultural nursing framework. Semi-structured interviews were used for data gathering with a sample of nine urban Pare informants. Data were analysed thematically. The major findings indicate that health beliefs arise from magico-religious, holistic and scientific paradigms. It was also found that beliefs and behaviour patterns are changing. These findings are discussed in terms of the two major themes, namely, multiple world views and change and continuity. Recommendations arising from the findings are made which may assist health workers to provide culturally congruent care. / Health Studies / (M.A. (Health Studies))

Purpose: This qualitative descriptive study was undertaken to describe Eastern Woodlands Native adult perspectives, health care beliefs and type 2 diabetes management experiences. Specific Aims: The specific aims were to 1) explore and describe perceptions of type 2 diabetes among Eastern Woodland Native adults and how they relate to their understandings about the cause and treatment approaches to the disease, 2) describe how family, friends, and community intersect with type 2 diabetes management, 3) describe relationships with health care providers and 4) determine resources that would help diabetes-self management within their community. Framework: The PEN-3 Model by Airhihenbuwa was the initial framework used for the study. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design with maximum variation and snowball sampling was used and data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The overarching theme of Together We Can Return To Balance comprised five sub-themes: Coming to Know Life Paths with T2DM, Negotiating My Way Forward, Making Important Connections, Acknowledging the Imbalance, and Sticking Closer to Mother Earth illustrating physical, spiritual, and environmental health factors influencing DSM capacities. Conclusion: Native perspectives should be viewed as a crucial contextual variation for type 2 diabetes care when developing DSMES and for improving DSM capacities in these populations.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Talks about health literacy, beliefs about health of immigrants from the French speaking countries of West Africa in the USA. How they handle diabetes, navigate the health care system and how they get their information.