This thesis attempt to uncover the qualitative different ways that Taiwanese workers experienced health. Workers' health is important to a country's economic, cultural and social development. Both Taiwanese government and health professionals acknowledgement the importance of health. A considerable amount of literature has been released over the past two decades in Taiwan around related issues. Most published research has reported investigation into occupational disease diagnosis, disease prevention, safety behaviours and health-related intervention for behaviour change. None has addressed the health experiences of workers. To address this gap in knowledge and literature, phenomenographic research has been completed to identify and describe the ways in which Taiwanese workers in an industrial complex experience health. In-depth interview was undertaken with eighteen participants. The interview was tape-recorded and then transcribed verbatim. Data was collected in Mandarin or Taiwanese and analysed in Chinese. This avoids the loss or change of original meaning during the translation process. Significant quotations were then translated to English by the principal researcher. Discussions between the researcher and supervisor, and between researcher and another native English speaker who is be able to read Chinese were continuous through the analysis process to ensure that the English translation is as close possible as to the original meaning. The outcomes of the research have been the identification of five conceptions of health which together represent understanding of the experience and the meaning of health. The five distinct conceptions are: health is absence of disease; health is a holistic view of the body function; health is a reward of doing 'good' deeds; health as living a healthy lifestyle; and health as a consequence of stress management. All conceptions combined constitute an outcome space that represents the referential and structural relationship between conceptions. The research outcomes contribute to an understanding of how a group of Taiwanese workers were aware of their health experience and have significant implications for health professionals in developing and conducting health intervention, for policy makers in planning occupational health policies, for describing health with a cultural context and for educators of health professionals. Furthermore, this research provides the basis for further research into specific aspects of health and its meaning in different work settings.

In contemporary Western nursing, the notion of health is considered a basic concept in all nursing theory, yet the many nursing theorists have failed to express unanimity in their various descriptions of health. This situation exists even while the achievement of health is generally identified as the goal or purpose of nursing. In Australia, the requirement that nurses become health-promoting practitioners assumes that nurses understand health in positive ways, which can be translated into nursing practice. Given the myriad definitions of health, confusion among nurses about the nature of health as it is to be promoted appeared possible, even probable.This phenomenological research aimed to illuminate the nature of nurses' understandings of health and the ways such understandings are translated into nursing practice. The purpose of the study was to describe and interpret nurses' experiences of health, and their experiences of giving health care to someone in their care, in order to illuminate the nature of health for nurses and in nursing.The manner in which this research was carried out was informed by the human science approach to phenomenology described by van Manen, which is derived from the traditions of Husserl, Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty. Thus, the inquiry was grounded in the hermeneutic phenomenological philosophical perspective, which began with the work of Husserl who recognised the need to return to the grounding of truths in human experience. The thesis is informed by two views of phenomenology. The first involves the traditional approach to phenomenology advocated by the European phenomenological philosophers while the second approach is referred to by Silverman as arising from 'American continental' philosophy.Data were generated from multiple audiotaped interviews with each of nine participants, and from personal reflection and journalling undertaken ++ / by the researcher during the research process. The dual data analyses were guided by the phenomenological approach of van Manen and by that of various nursing scholars who have used phenomenological methodology as it has evolved from American continental philosophy. These analyses included several levels of reflection undertaken by the researcher and each of the participants in the study to illustrate the nature of health in nurses' lives and in nursing.The nature of health, as revealed through the original experience of the participants, was disclosed as manifest in the lives of the participants with most descriptions conveying a sense of contentment that showed as feelings of happiness, feeling alive, complete, energised and optimistic. Health also revealed itself as transient in nature, passing quickly and without notice into and out of the lives of most of the participants. Although obvious in some ways, health simultaneously eluded clear description and, even at the completion of the exploration with each participant, was characterised by an atmosphere of elusiveness. For all the participants, health was an embodied phenomenon with a common element of energy and a sense of wellbeing. These, together with a sense that life was manageable and achievable gave to it a distinctive spirit, even while the spirit simultaneously helped to make life manageable and achievable and thus contributed to health. For all of those who participated, health presented as having the ability to transform their emotional responses to daily life events in such a way that it made those events more acceptable and the tasks of life more achievable.Although health showed as a physical, embodied state which was expressed as vitality and energy, it could not be separated from the mental / emotional state. As it was described, the following leitmotifs of health were lexically revealed: Health: ++ / A different encounter for each person, Health described as peace, Health described as feeling good about oneself, Health described as balance, Health as energy, Health as vitality and zest, Health described as happiness and/or contentment, Health described as quality of life, The 'picture of health', Health described as dignity, and Health as the unknown or the inexpressible.The nature of health-focused care in nursing showed as caring, rapport building and support, ever dependent on the social relationship that develops between each nurse-carer and the individual to whom they offer care. However, clear relationships between the meanings of health for the nurses in the study and the way they gave health care could not be elucidated. These relationships have not been identified because of the individualistic nature of health-focused care as these nurses have described it. For this reason, this research makes a strong plea for continued dialogue about the relationships between health and health-focused care in nursing.

Bakgrund   ADHD är en neuropsykiatrisk funktionsvariation vars karaktäristiska symtom är en kombination av ouppmärksamhet, hyperaktivitet och bristande impulskontroll. ADHD är vanligare bland pojkar under 18 år, men könsfördelningen jämnar ut sig hos patienter över 18 år. Utjämningen tros bero på att allt fler kvinnor får diagnosen först i vuxen ålder. Detta eftersom nya forskningsrön har belyst att symtomen och påverkan av ADHD-diagnosen varierar beroende på kön. Därav har många kvinnor länge varit odiagnostiserade, vilket har resulterat i onödigt lidande till följd av en otillräcklig vård. För att uppnå hälso- och sjukvårdens mål och främja jämlik hälsa inom befolkningen är det av stor vikt att sjuksköterskan har kunskap om kvinnor med ADHD. Syfte  Syftet var att beskriva upplevelser av hälsa och strategier vid ohälsa hos kvinnor med ADHD. Metod  En icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt genomfördes baserad på 16 vetenskapliga artiklar som omfattade både kvalitativa och kvantitativa designmetoder. Artiklarna valdes ut från databaserna PubMed, CINAHL och PsycInfo utifrån relevanta sökord som var anpassade efter det specifika syftet. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades och deras innehåll analyserades genom tillämpning av en integrerad analysmetod.  Resultat I sammanställningen av resultaten identifierades två huvudkategorier: Hälsoupplevelser hos kvinnor med ADHD och Strategier vid ohälsa hos kvinnor med ADHD. Vidare identifierades fem underkategorier. Resultaten indikerar att kvinnor med ADHD som framgångsrikt integrerade egenvård och copingstrategier uppvisade bättre hälsa. Upplevelsen av trygghet i bemötande av vårdpersonal och ett ömsesidigt engagemang visade sig vara betydande faktorer när kvinnorna sökte vård.  Slutsats Denna litteraturöversikt visade att psykisk samsjuklighet var vanligt förekommande hos kvinnor med ADHD. Detta hade en negativ inverkan på kvinnornas hälsa eftersom de påverkade och förstärkte varandra på flera plan. Egenvårds- och copingstrategier var av avgörande betydelse för kvinnliga ADHD-patienters hälsa, då det möjliggjorde hantering av symtom och navigering genom vardagliga utmaningar. När sjuksköterskan bemötte kvinnorna med ett förstående och personcentrerat förhållningssätt höjdes deras motivationsnivå att implementera hälsofrämjande strategier i sin vardag. De kvinnor som fått sin diagnos senare i livet tenderade att utveckla destruktiva beteenden som en följd av bristande copingstrategier och otillräcklig vård. / Background ADHD is a neuropsychiatric condition characterized by a combination of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It is more common among boys under 18 years old, but the gender distribution evens out among patients over 18 years old. This leveling is believed to be due to an increasing number of women receiving the diagnosis in adulthood. Recent research findings have highlighted that the symptoms and impact of ADHD vary depending on gender. Consequently, many women have long remained undiagnosed, related to the comorbidity associated with the diagnosis, leading to unnecessary suffering due to inadequate care.  Aim The aim was to describe experiences of health and strategies during illness among women with ADHD. Method A non-systematic literature review was conducted based on 16 scientific articles that encompassed both qualitative and quantitative design methods. The articles were selected from the databases PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycInfo using relevant keywords tailored to the specific purpose. The articles underwent quality assessment, and their content was analyzed through the application of an integrated analysis method.  Results In the compilation of results, two main categories were identified: Health Experiences in Women with ADHD and Strategies for Illness in Women with ADHD. Furthermore, five subcategories were identified. The results indicate that women with ADHD who successfully integrated self-care and coping strategies exhibited better health. The experience of security in the interaction with healthcare professionals and mutual engagement emerged as significant factors when women sought care. Conclusions This literature review revealed that comorbidity of mental health conditions was common among women with ADHD. These factors had a negative impact on women's health as they influenced and reinforced each other on multiple levels. Self-care and coping strategies were of crucial importance for the health of female ADHD patients, enabling them to manage symptoms and navigate everyday challenges. When nurses approached women with an understanding and person-centered attitude, their motivation to implement self-care routines in their daily lives increased. Women diagnosed later in life tended to develop destructive behaviors as a result of inadequate coping strategies and insufficient care.

Magister Curationis - MCur / Professional nurses, with additional training in mental health, report attitudes and perceptions of mental health nursing that are more positive, whilst those with less training report more negative attitudes and perceptions to mental health nursing. The primary aim of this research study was to describe the attitudes and perceptions of professional nurses towards the mentally ill in a psychiatric hospital in the Cape Metropole. The objectives of the study were: to explore the attitudes and perceptions of professional nurses towards the mentally ill; to identify common factors that influence the professional nurses’ attitudes and perceptions towards the mentally ill; to compare the attitudes and perceptions of professional nurses who have completed the Regulation 425, Regulation 808 and Regulation 212 training in mental health nursing towards the mentally ill. A quantitative, exploratory, descriptive design was employed and cross-sectional survey was carried out. Participants comprised all permanent professional nurses (n=60) at a governmental Associated Psychiatric Hospital in the Cape Metropole. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire and two self-report questionnaires, measuring attitudes to and perceptions of mental health problems. Nurses with a diploma report significantly higher role competency than those nurses with a degree. The ethnicity of nurses played a role in the stereotyping of the mentally ill. No significant differences were evident between those professional nurses who had completed the advanced mental health course and those whom had not. However, the combined effects of learning the appropriate course and experience in the practical field of the mentally ill are necessary for the task of impacting positively on the attitudes of the nurses towards the mentally ill.