Thesis (M.P.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-116).

Thesis (M.P.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-116). Also available in print.

Objectives: Contemporary data are lacking with respect to the incidence rates of, factors associated with, and impact of cardiac arrest from ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia (VF-CA) on hospital survival in patients admitted with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The objectives of this multinational study were to characterize trends in the magnitude of in-hospital VF-CA complicating an ACS and describe its impact over time on hospital prognosis. Methods: The study population consisted of 59,161 patients enrolled in the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events Study between 2000 and 2007. Overall, 3,618 patients (6.2%) developed VF-CA during their hospitalization for an ACS. Incidence rates of VF-CA declined over time, albeit in an inconsistent manner. Patients who experienced VF-CA were on average older and had a greater burden of cardiovascular disease, yet were less likely to receive evidence-based cardiac therapies than patients in whom VF-CA did not occur. Hospital death rates were 55.3% and 1.5% in patients with and without VF-CA, respectively. There was a greater than 50% decline in the hospital death rates associated with VF-CA during the years under study. Patients with a VF-CA occurring after 48 hours were at especially high risk for dying during hospitalization (82.8%). Conclusions: Despite reductions in the magnitude of, and short-term mortality from, VF-CA between 2000 and 2007, VF-CA continues to exert a significant adverse effect on survival among patients hospitalized with an ACS. Opportunities exist to improve the identification and treatment of ACS patients at risk for VF-CA to reduce the incidence of, and mortality from, this serious arrhythmic disturbance.

A partir da implantação do SUS, o setor saúde vem se expandindo no país tanto em volume de atendimentos quanto em aumento de gastos que são decorrentes de diversos fatores como complexidade das doenças, introdução de novas tecnologias e outros. Dentre os desafios para os gestores do SUS, o financiamento e a conciliação do desejo e a necessidade do usuário com os recursos disponíveis têm se constituído em preocupações permanentes. Conhecer a variação interna de preços é aspecto importante para o planejamento e acompanhamento das contas de qualquer empresa, dentre elas, os hospitais que enfrentam aumento de gastos e de custos tanto pelo crescimento de demanda quanto pela incorporação necessária de tecnologias, além das tendências do mercado. Então, diante da necessidade do HCFMRP-USP ter um indicador para acompanhar a evolução dos preços de materiais de consumo e medicamentos e compará-los com a realidade de mercado e, também formar séries históricas para compor bancos de dados que servirão de ferramenta de gestão financeira e orçamentária foi proposto este estudo, cujos resultados e fórmulas apresentadas poderão servir de base para que outras instituições obtenham os seus índices internos de variação de preços. Objetivos: Apresentar os índices de variação de preços do HCFMRP-USP (IVPH), ano 2013, geral para materiais de consumo e medicamentos; específico para materiais de consumo e específico para medicamentos. Método: Para o IVPH foi definido o Índice de Paasche como o mais adequado para o perfil de consumo do Hospital por ser este o índice que considera a ponderação feita em função dos preços e quantidades do período de referência. Para o cálculo, foi definida a cesta de consumo considerando 40% do gasto financeiro em 2012 o que representou 13% dos itens e também pelos itens que tiveram consumo regular, ou seja, em todos os meses de janeiro a dezembro de 2013. Os preços utilizados foram os últimos pagos no período. Resultados: os IVPHs gerais foram 6,74% para materiais e medicamentos; 6,97% para materiais de consumo e 6,73% para medicamentos. Comprar bem, a preços praticados no mercado é aplicar bem os recursos disponíveis. Recursos financeiros bem gerenciados podem gerar mais cobertura e mais qualidade para o sistema de saúde e o IVPH é uma das ferramentas que contribui para este gerenciamento. / Since the implementation of Unified Health System, named Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), in Brazil, the health care system has been expanding in the country in volume of healthcare actions andin increase of expenses due to several factors such as the complexity of the diseases, introduction of new technologies and others. Among the challenges for managers of the SUS, reconciling funding and the desires and needs of the users with available resources have been permanent concerns. Knowing the internal price variation is an important aspect for planning and monitoring of any company accounts, among them, hospitals facing increased expenses and costs by both demand growth and the incorporation of required technologies and market trends. Therefore the need for Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo - HCFMRP-USP to have an indicator to monitor the progress of consumables and medicines prices and compare them with the market reality and also form historical series to form databases that will serve as a management tool for financial and budget decisions. Such data may also serve as a basis for other institutions to obtain their internal rates of price change. Objectives: To present the variation rates of HCFMRP- USP prices (IVPH), 2013, in general for both consumables and medicines and specific rates for consumables and drugs. Method: For the IVPH was defined the Paasche index as the most suitable for the consumption profile of the Hospital because this is the index that considers the weighting made according to the prices and quantities variation of the reference period. To calculate the consumption basket the items considered were the ones that made up 40% of the financial expenditure in 2012, which represented 13% of all items and had regular consumption that is, items that had consumption in every month from January to December 2013. Prices used were the last paid in the period. Results: The general IVPH\'s were 6.74% for materials and medicines; 6.97% for consumables and 6.73% for medicines. Buying well, at market prices means applying the available resources adequately. The well done management of the financial resources can generate more coverage and best quality for the health system and the IVPH is one of the tools that contribute to this management.

Orientador: June Barreiros Freire / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T23:12:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rocha_DanielCarvalho_M.pdf: 4468907 bytes, checksum: 93da059a7ca2b729b236e52eaa795293 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: No Brasil, o debate sobre a organização da assistência à saúde ocupou-se até o momento principalmente da discussão em torno da Atenção Básica (ou Atenção Primária em Saúde) e do ambiente hospitalar, em diferentes vertentes. Entre estes dois pólos, a Atenção Ambulatorial Especializada não teve o mesmo tratamento por parte de pesquisadores e formuladores de políticas públicas de saúde. As investigações sobre esse nível assistencial centraram seu foco, até o momento, na questão da oferta e demanda, sem avançar na discussão sobre especificidades que se passam no modo de produção do cuidado nos serviços especializados e sua interação com outros equipamentos. O princípio da integralidade, pressuposto constitucional do Sistema Único de Saúde, e o "nó crítico" que vem representando o acesso à Atenção Especializada no país, exigem um esforço no aprofundamento da compreensão desta área. O presente estudo, situado no âmbito de um Mestrado Profissional em Saúde Coletiva, Política e Gestão em Saúde, propõe-se a contribuir na redução dessa lacuna, realizando uma discussão sobre a gestão do cuidado na Atenção Ambulatorial Especializada a partir de uma revisão de literatura analisada em diálogo com a vivência da coordenação da Atenção Especializada em uma Secretaria Municipal de Saúde registrada através de um Diário de Campo / Abstract: In Brazil, the debate on the organization of health care has minded mainly the discussion on primary care (or Primary Health Care ) and the hospital. Between these two poles, the Specialized Ambulatory Care did not have the same treatment by health researchers and policymakers. The investigations about this level of care your has focused, so far, the issue of supply and demand, without advancing the discussion about specifics that are in healthcare production on specialized services and their interaction with other services. The principle of compreensive health care, a constitutional presumption of brazilian national health system, and the critical factor that has been representing the access to specialized care in the country, require an effort to deepen their understanding of this area. This study, situated within a Professional Master in Public Policy and Management Health Health, proposes to contribute to filling this gap by conducting a discussion of health care management in the Specialized Ambulatory Care with a literature review analyzed in dialogue with the experience of coordination of Specialized Care in a City Health Department recorded through a field diary / Mestrado / Política, Gestão e Planejamento / Mestre em Saúde Coletiva, Política e Gestão em Saúde

Factors such as poverty, ethnicity, socio-economic status, poor infrastructure and governance, etc., are some of the reasons that effective and proven prevention and treatment interventions for most of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in the developing world continue to fail. Chronic diseases require complex interventions that these countries simply cannot maintain. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that is on the rise worldwide. This disease is a lifestyle disease, which means, that it is brought on by poor health habits. Statistics show that 285 million (6.4%) people aged between 20 and 79 years will be affected by Diabetes in 2010 and a staggering 439 million (7.7%) by 2030. This is a projected growth of 69% in developing countries and 20% in developed countries. The findings from studies conducted from 1993 to 2003 in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in South Africa, around the health care services for diabetes highlights many challenges. Sadly, the challenges 10 years after that study, are very similar. The conditions of people with Diabetes can be improved through regular monitoring of patients, improvement and monitoring of health care provided, education on healthy lifestyle, as well as education on the importance of adherence to treatment plans for the successful management of the condition. The diabetes endemic in South Africa is exacerbated by the manual functions that are performed in all aspects of monitoring and management of the disease. With the advancements that have been made in ICT and the many apps that already exist for healthcare, it is sensible to state that ICT can assist in the monitoring and management of diabetes. Another factor that is considered is that of patient-centred care. The huge number of people who need acute care and treatment in hospitals and clinics have forced a previously caring environment, to turn into a cold, almost production line affair. The sick wait in long queues and are ushered in and out of the consulting rooms as fast as possible without even as much as a “hallo”. This has left a void in the healthcare delivery to South Africans which should never have been removed in the first place, namely patient-centred care. This means that the patient is at the centre of the treatment and fully involved in the decisions about his/her health. Every patient deserves to be recognised as a human-being and treated with dignity and respect. Treatment plans for long term chronic care patients such as diabetics, should be thoroughly discussed with the patient and they should believe and comit themselves to the treatment plan. These plans are life-long and require dedication and as it is vital that patients are part of decision making and understand fully what they are expected to do. Bearing this in mind, this study has investigated the needs and care plans for people with diabetes. Specialist in the field of diabetes were interviewed and recognised care plans for diabetes such as those from WHO, IDF and SEMSDA were studied. This study also established, that by practising a patient-centred approach the adherence to a treatment plan is likely to be higher. The strategy developed involves the person with diabetes, the healthcare worker and the support structure in the care plan of the diabetic. The use of ICT as part of the solution must consider the patient-centred requirements for using IT so that the people using the strategy are comfortable and not intimidated by the technology. The need to incorporate e-health into governments’ healthcare plans has been growing over the last decade. The GSMA conducted research into mobile health opportunities in South Africa and found that SA now has a penetration of 98% and that this is the ideal medium to address the inaccessibility and inequality of healthcare in SA. The causes identified as playing a major role in the rise in diabetes were identified and it was determined that through the implementation of an ICT strategy for diabetes care, many of these can be addressed. These include the use of technology for, improved monitoring and management, increased diabetes awareness and education, and promotion of healthy lifestyle. The study focuses on the self-management aspect of diabetes and produces a strategy that incorporates various ICT solutions that would assist in the daily aspects of diabetes care, as well as follow a patient-centred approach to diabetes care. This strategy developed in this study does not need any intervention from government as it is driven by the people who have diabetes and their healthcare workers, with the aid of the technology that they currently have on hand.

M.Cur. / It is evident that the current political changes presently taking place in South Africa need to be accompanied by a dramatic transformation to accommodate the economic, social, technological and health changes amongst others. The nursing discipline is no exception. For a change to be felt by nursing staff and by health consumers, effective management strategies need to be developed to accommodate transformation guidelines as outlined by the Reconstruction and Development Programme, the National Health Plan and the Constitution which all emphasize the right to health, hence this study. This study focuses on a primary health care clinics. This is a qualitative, contextual, exploratory and descriptive study with the overall aim of exploring and describing a nursing service strategy for change in Soweto Primary Health clinics where the researcher is employed. To accomplish this aim, the following objectives were formulated: to explore and describe the expectations of the managers and the functional nurses concerning the required nursing service strategy for change within Soweto Primary Health Clinics; to explore and describe the expectations of health consumers concerning the required nursing service strategy for change in Soweto Primary Health Clinics; to describe the required nursing service strategy for Soweto Primary Health Clinics. Through purposive sampling, three focus groups were selected from the role players within Soweto who represent the nursing managers, the functional nurses' and the health consumers in order to infer the required change strategy for the nursing service. i. Data was collected through these focus groups interviews using semi-structured questions. Data management and data analysis was done using the methods of content analysis according to Kerlinger (1986: 480). An research expert, was utilised as a reliability measure to identify and categorise themes separately from the researcher. The categories that emerged were subsequently refined through consensus discussions between the researcher and the independent researcher. Woods and Catanzaro' s measures (1988: 136) to ensure validity and reliability were applied in this study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the relationship between health literacy, preparedness for discharge, adherence to discharge instructions and difficulty coping after discharge among emergency department patients. Specific Aims: The Aims of this study were to: (1) describe the variability of health literacy of adult patients in an academic tertiary Emergency Department; (2) describe the relationship between health literacy, care transition, and perceived readiness for discharge on the patient’s adherence to discharge instructions and (3) explore whether health literacy, perceived preparation for discharge and care transition, predicts difficulty coping after discharge. Framework: Dr. Meleis’s Transitions Theory was used as a framework. Design: This is a prospective cohort study of adults treated and discharged from the ED. Results: Eighty five percent of the subjects completed the study (n = 132). Subjects satisfied with transition care (P = .025) and who felt more prepared for discharge (P = .035) had less difficulty coping. Subjects more satisfied with care transition were more likely to adhere to medication instructions (P = .029). The higher the satisfaction with discharge preparation, the less likely the subjects were to go to their follow-up appointment (P = 0.051). No associations were found with health literacy. Conclusion: Satisfaction with care transition during the discharge process and feeling well-prepared are related to less difficulty coping after discharge. Nurses have an opportunity to intervene and enhance the discharge experience. This may contribute to more positive outcomes after being seen in an emergency department.

No description available.

No description available.