Studien handlar om att utifrån ett sociokulturellt studera hur Arbetsmiljöverket arbetar utefter sina föreskrifter. Syfte: Syftet var att utifrån ett sociokulturellt lärande studera hur Arbetsmiljöverket arbetar genom föreskrifterna för att förebygga ohälsa och åstadkomma hälsofrämjande arbetsmiljöer på arbetsplatser i Sverige. Metod: Genom en kvalitativ intervjustudie genomfördes sammanlagt sex stycken semi- strukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuerna gjordes på Arbetsmiljöverket med fem stycken arbetsmiljöinspektörer och en av föreskriftsförfattarna till föreskriften Organisatorisk och Social arbetsmiljö AFS 2015:4. Studiens resultat analyserades deduktivt genom sociokulturellt lärande. Teoretisk referensram: Studien litteratur fokuserar på pedagogiska och hälsofrämjande områden med fokus på lärande och hälsopromotion. Den pedagogiska utgångspunkten finns i sociokulturellt lärande. Studien berör hälsopromotion som begrepp och strategi, hälsoprevention hälsolitteracitet. Slutsats: Studien visar på betydelsen av dialog, kommunikation och erfarenheter för lärande genom föreskrifterna men även internt lärande på Arbetsmiljöverket. Bristen av kompetens inom hälsofrämjande arbete visar sig vara orsaken till Arbetsmiljöverkets tydliga utgångspunkt i preventivt arbete / The study involves studying based on a sociocultural learing how the Swedish Work Environment Authority is working according to their regulations. The aim: The aim of this study was to from a sociocultral learning study how the Swedish Work Environment Authority is working according to their regulations to prevent illness and to achive health promoting workplaces in Sweden. Method: Through a qualitative interview-study a total of six interviews were conducted at the Swedish Work Environment Authority with five inspectors and one with the authors of the regulation AFS 2015:4. The study’s results were analyzed deductively through a sociocultural learning. Results: The study’s results demonstratet that dialogue, open communication and experiences were important tools to create learning during supervision. Lack of competence in health promoting indicates to be why the Swedish Work Environment Authority has a clear base in preventing illnesn. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework in this essay was inspired and focused on educational and the health subject areas with a focus on learning and health promotion. The pedagogical starting point is sociocultural learning. The study also concerns health promotion as a concept and as a stategy, health prevention and healthliteracy. Conclusion: The study shows the importance of dialogue, communication and experience in order for learning by the regulations but also internally learning by the Work Environment Authority.  The lack of expertise in health promotion proves to be the cause of the Work Environment obvious starting point in preventive work.

The roles of immigration status in preventive health care services among Nigerian immigrants in the United States were investigated in this quantitative, cross-sectional survey study. About 260,724 Nigerian immigrants reside in the Unites States, but many do not complete lifesaving preventive health services such as immunization and screening, a major factor contributing to the rise in the cost of healthcare resultant from their use of emergency room services. This study investigated the extent to which immigration status independently explains the relationship between health disparities and risks in non-completion of preventive health care among Nigerian immigrants in the United States by comparing data from Nigerian immigrant adults residing in the United States to data from the African American adults in the United States. Socio-cognitive theory and the social behavioral model served as the conceptual framework for this study. There were 291 adult Nigerian immigrants in the cross-sectional survey using a purposive sampling technique. The data were analyzed using the Levene's test for homogeneity of variances, the Pearson's Chi- Square test and the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. The Kruskal-Wallis results showed that there was a significant difference in screening for preventive care services among the 4 immigrant status categories (p = .000) based on length of residency in the United States. Understanding the health disparities of this population according to their country of origin and immigration status will assist health providers with awareness of population-specific health needs, and may be beneficial in designing public health programs for this population group.

Bakgrund: Många studier kan påvisa behovet av kommunikation och information mellan vårdare och patient oavsett profession.Tidsbrist och allt mer slimmade organisationer,med en ökande åldrande befolkning ställer ökade krav på förmåga och kunskap om kommunikation. Andra försvårande omständigheter är språkliga barriärer med en befolkning där alla inte har svenska som sitt modersmål. Teach –back är en metod som säger sig underlätta och stödja en kommunikation för att säkerställa informationen mellan patienter och vårdare. Den syftar också till att öka förutsättningarna för egenvård. Eftersom det är ett viktigt område inom omvårdnad syftar litteraturstudienatt ta reda på vad som finns beskrivet avseende Teach –back. Syfte: Att beskriva användningsområden för metoden Teach –back. Metod: Litteraturstudie baserad på åtta vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i följande teman. Det första temat är hälsolitteracitet och förstå given information och det andra är att säkerställa processen mellan vårdgivare och hemmet. Det tredje temat är att sjuksköterskans insikt om patienters kunskap om den egna hälsan. Analysen visar att inga slutsatser kan dras att Teach-back främjar omvårdnad. Däremot finns det resultat som bekräftar att Teach-back skapar förutsättningar för patient medverkan Diskussion: De delvis motstridiga uppgifterna och att de kan vara olika faktorers som styr resultatet gör att det är svårt att påvisa att Teach-back är lösningen för en kvalitetssäkrad kommunikation. / Background: Academic studies tend to demonstrate the need of communication and exchange of information between the health care provider and the patient, this regardless of the profession and socioeconomic background of the caretaker. Lack of time as well as the increased pressure of trimming the economic costs combined with an aging population creates a higher demand on the skills and knowledge of communication. Moreover our modern sociality is presenting some language barriers because of a growing part of the population whom does not have Swedish as their mother tongue. Teach -back is a method that claims to support a method of communication to ensure the quality of information between patients and care givers. Teach-back as a method also aims to enhance the ability of self-care for the patient. Self-care is regarded as an important area of ​​nursing, therefore the review of the literature in this study intends to map out all of the academic literature there is about the method Teach –back. Aim:To describe the uses for the method Teach-back. Method: A literature study based on eight scientific articles. Results: The result is presented in three following themes. The first theme are healthliteracy and understanding given information and the other is to ensure the process between the healthcare provider and the caretaker. The third theme are nurse’s understanding of the patient’s knowledge about their own health status. The analysis shows that no conclusions can be drawn regarding whether the teach-back method furthers the care or not. However, there are results confirming the fact that Teach-back creates a good environment for patient involvement. Discussion: The partly conflicting results that have emerge from the literature which shows that there may be different factors that have an effect on the outcome, making it difficult to conclude that the Teach-back method is the solution for assuring the quality of the communication.