Healthy lifestyle of pharmacy students in 2016 Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Czech Republic Student: Markéta Machová Tutor: PharmDr. Jitka Pokladníková, Ph.D. Introduction: Healthy living remains a current topic over the whole world. Positive changes in people's lifestyles that beneficially impact overall health are one of the main goals of today's society. Objectives: Primary goal of this thesis was to analyse the level of healthy living practice among students of the Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové and then compare these findings with results from similar scientific studies. Secondary goal was to study the differences between the obtained data and data acquired from the same poll among students in 2012 and then describe any changes made over time. Methods: Data was derived from an anonymous survey handed out to 113 students in December 2016. Official recommendations from Czech and foreign health organizations were used to determine the healthy lifestyle criteria. Gathered data was analysed using descriptive statistics in Microsoft Excel 2010. Hypotheses mentioned in the introduction to this thesis were then tested using statistics software IBM SPSS 19. Results: Overall, respondents obtained similar or better results...

Unhealthy food and beverage products marketed through diverse media platforms contribute to poor diet quality, obesity, and chronic diseases in the United States (US). Limited empirical research is available on the effectiveness of integrated marketing communications (IMC) and branded media campaigns used to positively influence Americans' diet-related cognitive, behavioral and health outcomes. The purpose of this research was to assess and inform the Partnership for a Healthier America's Fruits and Veggies (FNV) Campaign to increase fruit and vegetable purchases and intake among targeted teen and mom populations. This PhD research evaluated the use, outcomes, and perspectives on branded food marketing campaigns to inform the FNV Campaign through four studies. Study 1 used a mixed-methods research approach that included a scoping review; comprehensive review of peer-reviewed articles, gray literature and media sources; and key-informant interviews (n=11) to identify 13 national branded marketing campaigns that used health-branding strategies to encourage healthy dietary purchases and consumption in the US between 1990-2016. Study 2 explored views of diverse stakeholders (n=22) regarding the FNV Campaign using semi-structured interviews that were thematically analyzed using a conceptual framework with eight constructs (i.e., campaign design, reach, adoption, effectiveness, impact, expansion, scaling up and sustainability). Study 3 assessed FNV Campaign awareness, cognitions and behaviors for buying and eating fruits and vegetables through a survey of targeted teen and millennial mom audiences (n=1,604) in Hampton Roads, Virginia and Fresno, California where the FNV Campaign pilot was launched. Study 4 encompassed a mixed-methods evaluation using data from the second and third studies that assessed and explored congruence between FNV brand awareness and recall of IMC strategies among survey respondents with stakeholders' perspectives regarding IMC strategy contexts and potential. This body of research expands knowledge about the effectiveness of diet-related IMC and media campaigns and provides a foundation for future FNV Campaign evaluations. Taken together, findings across the four studies identified significant opportunities for large-scale IMC campaigns to improve evaluation designs and outcome reporting. These results can inform evidence-based strategies and policies to improve the design of the FNV Campaign and other IMC initiatives to improve dietary patterns and population health. / Doctor of Philosophy / Marketing promotions for unhealthy foods and beverages are widespread in the United States (US) and influence Americans' diet choices that lead to weight gain, obesity, and chronic diseases. There is little understanding of how marketing and media campaigns can be used to positively influence Americans' to consume high quality diets and improve their health outcomes. The purpose of this research was to assess and inform the Partnership for a Healthier America's Fruits and Veggies (FNV) Campaign to increase fruit and vegetable purchases and intake among target populations. This PhD research evaluated the use, outcomes, and perspectives on branded food marketing campaigns to inform the FNV Campaign through four studies. Study 1 used a mixed-methods research approach that included a scoping review of the academic and non-academic literature, and key-informant interviews to identify 13 national branded marketing campaigns that used branding strategies to encourage healthy diets in the US between 1990-2016. Study 2 used interviews to explore the views of 22 stakeholders experienced with the FNV Campaign or fruit and vegetable promotion. Interviews were thematically analyzed using a framework with eight constructs (i.e., campaign design, reach, adoption, effectiveness, impact, expansion, scaling up and sustainability) to understand diverse stakeholder perspectives. Study 3 assessed FNV Campaign awareness, cognitions and behaviors for buying and eating fruits and vegetables through a survey of targeted teen and millennial mom audiences (n = 1,604) in Hampton Roads, Virginia and Fresno, California where the was initially launched. Study 4 used data from the second and third studies that assessed similarities and differences between FNV brand awareness and recall of marketing strategies among survey respondents with stakeholders' perspectives regarding marketing strategy contexts and potential. This body of research expands knowledge about the effectiveness of diet-related marketing and media campaigns and provides a foundation for future FNV Campaign evaluations. Taken together, findings across the four studies identified opportunities for large-scale marketing campaigns to improve evaluation designs and outcome reporting. These results can inform future strategies and policies to improve the design of the FNV and other IMC campaigns to improve population diets and health.

(in English): The aim of this dissertation is to characterize linguistic devices of contemporary French in the technical field of maintaining a healthy diet based on an analysis of texts from this communicative field. The work is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on defining the field of nutrition and theoretical foundations needed for textual analysis. Technical discourse is characterized in terms of its composition and linguistic devices such as morphosyntactic means and technical vocabulary. The second part defines the types of texts by the addressee, which classifies professional theoretical texts, practical scientific texts, educational texts and didactic texts. Each text is analyzed in terms of the pragmatic plane, discursive plane, notice plane, and then by morfosyntactic and lexical devices. Before the analysis itself, the methodology is defined and sets the different planes of analysis.

Introdução: Doenças cardiometabólicas são problemas de saúde pública mundial com repercussões sociais e econômicas. Dieta inadequada é apontada como um dos principais fatores de risco modificáveis, de importância central na prevenção destas doenças. Apesar da constatação de que certos nutrientes se associam a doenças, ainda existem dúvidas quanto às relações causais. Objetivos: 1) Revisar a participação dos alimentos e nutrientes na gênese e controle de doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis integrantes da síndrome metabólica (manuscrito 1); 2) Descrever de forma detalhada a estrutura do programa de intervenção interdisciplinar em hábitos de vida, desenvolvido para usuários da rede pública de saúde do município de São Paulo (manuscrito 2); 3) Investigar o efeito de mudanças em fatores dietéticos sobre o metabolismo glicídico, decorrentes de intervenção em hábitos de vida em indivíduos de risco cardiometabólico da rede pública de saúde (manuscrito 3). Métodos: Foram incluídos adultos com diagnóstico de pré-diabetes ou síndrome metabólica sem diabetes em ensaio clínico aleatorizado envolvendo dois tipos de intervenções de 18 meses: tradicional e intensiva. A intervenção tradicional consistiu de consultas trimestrais com endocrinologista; na intensiva, além dos atendimentos médicos, os indivíduos participaram de sessões psicoeducativas em grupo com equipe multiprofissional. As orientações dietéticas visaram à adequação do consumo de gorduras totais (redução de saturadas e trans e elevação de insaturadas) e aumento na ingestão de fibras. As variáveis coletadas nos momentos pré- e pós-intervenção incluíram dados sócio-demográficos, antropométricos, dietéticos e bioquímicos (glicemia de jejum e póssobrecarga, perfil lipídico, insulina, adiponectina, proteína C reativa, IL-6, TNF-, apolipoproteína A1 e B). A dieta foi avaliada por recordatórios de 24 horas, processados pelo Nutrition Data System software. Foram empregados os testes: t de Student, coeficientes de correlações, ANOVA com p de tendência e análises de regressão múltipla para identificar fatores dietéticos associados à melhora do metabolismo glicídico. Resultados: O manuscrito 1 consiste de um capítulo de livro (Nutrição em Saúde Coletiva) abordando aspectos epidemiológicos de doenças do espectro da síndrome metabólica com ênfase em fatores alimentares e estado nutricional. O manuscrito 2 detalha a estrutura, a equipe integrante, as orientações preconizadas e as principais estratégias psicoeducativas utilizadas no programa de intervenção em hábitos de vida desenvolvido (artigo metodológico submetido e website). Análises do manuscrito 3 mostraram que, ao final da intervenção, o aumento na ingestão de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados e fibras solúveis associaramse de forma independente à redução da glicemia de jejum e os primeiros também à melhora da glicemia pós-sobrecarga. Ajustes por medidas antropométricas não alteraram os resultados, o que ocorreu, porém, após inclusão da variável mudança na insulina nos modelos (artigo original). Conclusão: Justifica-se divulgar programas de intervenção como o aqui desenvolvido considerando-se o atual cenário das doenças cardiometabólicas na atualidade. No presente estudo, o aumento na ingestão de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados e de fibras solúveis promoveu benefícios no metabolismo glicídico, independente da adiposidade, ao final da intervenção no estilo de vida. Possíveis mecanismos mediadores destes processos podem incluir principalmente a melhora da sensibilidade à insulina. Dessa forma, nossos achados sugerem fortemente que um aumento factível no consumo destes nutrientes deva ser estimulado como estratégia para a proteção do metabolismo glicídico em indivíduos de risco cardiometabólico / Introduction: Cardiometabolic diseases are global public health problems with social and economic repercussions. Unhealthy diet is seen as one of the main modifiable risk factors, being of central importance for the prevention of these diseases. Despite the evidence that certain nutrients are associated with diseases, causal relationships are still under discussion. Objectives: 1) To review the involvement of foods and nutrients in the genesis and control of non-communicable chronic diseases, that comprise the metabolic syndrome (manuscript 1); 2) To describe in detail the structure of the interdisciplinary intervention program on lifestyle, developed for costumers of public health system of Sao Paulo city (manuscript 2); 3) To investigate the impact of changes in dietary factors on glucose metabolism, induced by a lifestyle intervention in individuals at cardiometabolic risk attended by the public health system (manuscript 3). Methods: Adults with prediabetes or metabolic syndrome without diabetes were included in a randomized clinical trial involving two types of 18-month interventions: a traditional or an intensive one. The traditional intervention consisted of quarterly consultations with an endocrinologist, while in the intensive participants also attended psychoeducational group sessions with a multidisciplinary team, in addition to the medical visits. The dietary recommendations aimed at the adequate intake of fat (reduction of saturated and trans and increase of unsaturated fatty acids) and increase in fiber intake. Socio-demographic, anthropometric, dietary and biochemical (fasting and post-load plasma glucose, lipid profile, insulin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, IL-6, TNF-, apolipoprotein A1 and B) data were collected at baseline and after 18-month of follow-up. Diet was assessed by 24-h dietary recalls, processed by Nutrition Data System software. Student t test, correlation coefficients, ANOVA with p for trend and multiple linear regressions analyses were employed to identify dietary factors associated with glucose metabolism improvement. Results: Manuscript 1 consists of a book chapter (Nutrition in Public Health) about epidemiological aspects of diseases of the spectrum of metabolic syndrome with emphasis on dietary factors and nutritional status. Manuscript 2 details the structure, professional team, recommendations and the main psychoeducative strategies used in the lifestyle intervention program developed (methodological article submitted and website). Analyses of manuscript 3 showed that the intervention-induced increase in monounsaturated fatty acids and soluble fiber intake were independently associated with reduction on fasting plasma glucose and the former also with 2h-plasma glucose improvement. Adjustment for anthropometric measurements did not change these results but did after including change in insulin in the models (original article). Conclusion: Intervention programs such as the developed herein should be reported taking into consideration the current scenario of cardiometabolic diseases. In the present study, increases in monounsaturated fatty acids and soluble fiber intake promoted benefits in glucose metabolism, independent of adiposity, at the end of the lifestyle intervention. Possible mechanisms mediating these processes may mainly include improvement in insulin sensitivity. Therefore, our findings strongly suggest that a feasible increase in consumption of these nutrients should be encouraged as a strategy for the protection of glucose metabolism in individuals at cardiometabolic risk

This thesis deals with nutrition of preschool children. It concentrates on the issue of eating in nursery schools. The theoretical part contains characteristics of a preschool child development and information on the basic components of nutrition and its importance to the human body. I mentioned the influence of dietary habits on the healthy development of the child population and analysed the negative factors that could adversely affect this development. The practical part includes directed interviews with staff of kindergartens in district Prachatice and comparison between current diets and diets before 1989 in these institutions. The intention was to find differences between these diets. With the change in the political system new possibilities opened up. School canteens can experiment with new recipes, diets include new healthy foods.

The thesis deals with healthy lifestyle of pupils at secondary school. The theoretical part is dedicated to defining of basic terms associated with healthy lifestyle. Following there is a description of key factors influencing lifestyle, such as diet, physical activity and leisure. From the psychological point of view, it also deals with stress and its management through mental hygiene. The last chapter introduces the subject Health Education and its position in the Framework Educational Programme. The practical part analyzes the lifestyle pupils at secondary school and their attitude towards the subject Health Education. Based on data established through the questionnaire, practical part compares the results by age and gender categories

Healthy lifestyle of people interested in healthy diet Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Czech Republic Student: Michaela Ondrášiková Tutor: PharmDr. Jitka Pokladníková, Ph.D. Introduction: The issue of a healthy lifestyle has been a highly discussed topic in recent years. It has not been examined in the Czech Republic for persons who are interested in healthy diet, as a specific group of people yet. Objectives: Primary goal of the thesis was to analyse lifestyle behaviors in persons who are interested in healthy diet and compare the data obtained with healthy eating and healthy lifestyle recommendations. Secondary goal of the thesis was to analyse quality of life, life satisfaction, mental hygiene and some aspects of physical health of persons who are interested in healthy diet. Methods: Data for this prospective cross-sectional questionnaire survey were obtained in the period from September 2012 to June 2015. Respondents from the general public attended free lectures held in the education cycle, focusing on healthy lifestyle in the project Ebstyle on Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University. Data were evaluated according to healthy lifestyle and healthy diet criteria and processed in Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS 19. Results: In...

Eating habits and general advice for healthy food are recently discussed topic, but the eating habits of Roma children are not from a large part presented yet. Diet and way of preparing food has an influence to many factors, especially the social, cultural and economic. The diet has specifics that are typical for many nationalities, also for ethnicity and family.The topic of this thesis is the "Eating habits of the Roma children at younger and older school age in socially excluded localities in the České Budějovice". The aim of this thesis was to find out the dietary habits of Roma children at younger and older school age in socially excluded localities in the České Budějovice.For the practical part of this thesis, was chosen the strategy of quantitative research, the questioning method, which was implemented by the method questionnaire. Was determined by research question - What are the eating habits and knowledge about the healthy nutrition of the Roma children in socially excluded localities? Three hypotheses were formulated. The graphic evaluation of this thesis showed us that the Roma children of my study do not eat according to the rules and principles the healthy diet. In their diet there are many risk factors that may have effect to their health.

The Diploma Thesis is focused on the nutritional habits of the pupils of the selected primary schools in Třebíč. The nutritional habits and correct diet in children is very important and can be influenced easily. The children are influenced by the family, school, friends and environment they live in, also by the advertisements, especially on TV and the Internet. Correct diet is the one which provides the human organism with the regular and sufficient supply of energy and food. They play a significant role in the healthy growth and development of the organism. Therefore, they are instrumental to keep the condition in the whole life. The diet should be varied and regular. The theoretical part is aimed at delimitation of the characteristics of the school age, description of particular components of the food, importance of drinking routine and the risk of dehydration. Consequently, it describes suitable and unsuitable drinks for children, diet in children and teenagers and related keeping to the regular eating routine and suitability of certain food, principles of the correct diets and food pyramid. The theoretical part pays attention to the kinetic activities, overweight and obesity in children. The practical part brings the results of the research focused on the above issue. The Thesis was elaborated in a quantitative method {--} in the form of questionnaires. The questionnaires were handed round in four primary schools in Třebíč, namely to the eight-class pupils. The monitored set was made up of 208 respondents; 101 girls and 107 boys. In this part, 2 goals and 3 hypotheses were set. The first goal of the Diploma Thesis was to ascertain the diet habits in the second stage of the selected primary schools in Třebíč. The second goal was to record the Body Mass Index of the chosen group of pupils. Hypothesis 1: Eight-class pupils eat insufficient quantity of fruit and vegetables. Hypothesis 1: Eight-class pupils do not keep the drinking routine. Hypothesis 3: Pupils do not have breakfast. Both goals were fulfilled. Hypothesis 1 was rebutted as for fruit consuming. The bulk of the pupils eat fruit every day, in total number of 130 pupils. The second part of the hypothesis was vindicated. The pupils{\crq} board includes vegetables in minimum cases. Only 79 pupils eat vegetables every day. Hypothesis 2 was rebutted. The majority of the informants drink 2 litres of liquids or more. The drinking routine is kept by 135 interviewed pupils. Hypothesis 3 was vindicated. The pupils do not include breakfast in their meals. There are only 93 children who have breakfast regularly. The findings of the Thesis will be offered to schools in question and the interviewed pupils{\crq} parents.

Introduction: Scientific evidences demonstrate that Mediterranean Diet is a protective factor for several kinds of chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases. This dietary pattern is essential as preventive and treatment measure for these diseases. The accession to changes in habit is a dynamic process, challenging for both patients and healthcare professionals. Nevertheless, in Brazil there are few works that show adherence to diet in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. Objective: To assess the accession to a nutritional intervention based on Mediterranean Diet in patients after Acute Coronary Syndrome. Method: A nutritional intervention based on the Mediterranean Diet was performed in 282 patients after Acute Coronary Syndrome, attended at the cardiology ranked hospitals in the state of Sergipe. The intervention was carried out in two appointments, with interval of 90 days between the first and the second, through individualized nutritional care. During the consultations, the food intake frequency questionnaire was applied, anthropometric measures were checked and a dietary prescription was made based on this food pattern. Results: After nutritional intervention, patients significantly increased adherence to Mediterranean dietary patterns (p <0.001). There was no significant difference in adherence to the intervention between patients assisted by the Brazilian Unified Health System and the Supplementary Health Network. The mean of BMI, neck and waist circumferences had a significant reduction (p <0.001) in the interval between the first and the second query. / Introdução: Evidências científicas demonstram que a adesão à Dieta Mediterrânea é fator protetor para diversos tipos de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, como as doenças cardiovasculares. Este padrão dietético é essencial como medida preventiva e de tratamento para essas doenças. A adesão às mudanças de hábito é um processo dinâmico, desafiador tanto para pacientes quanto para profissionais de saúde. Entretanto, no Brasil são escassos trabalhos que mostrem a adesão à dieta em portadores de Síndrome Coronariana Aguda. Objetivo: Avaliar a adesão à intervenção nutricional baseada na Dieta do Mediterrâneo em pacientes após Síndrome Coronariana Aguda. Casuística e Métodos: Foi realizada intervenção nutricional baseada na Dieta do Mediterrâneo em 282 pacientes após Síndrome Coronariana Aguda, atendidos nos hospitais de referência cardiológica no estado de Sergipe. A intervenção foi realizada em duas consultas, com intervalo de 90 dias entre a primeira e a segunda, por meio de atendimento nutricional individualizado. Durante as consultas aplicou-se o questionário de frequência alimentar, aferiram-se medidas antropométricas e realizou-se prescrição dietética baseada neste padrão alimentar. Resultados: Após a intervenção nutricional, os pacientes aumentaram significativamente a adesão aos padrões da Dieta do Mediterrâneo (p < 0,001). Não houve diferença significativa na adesão à intervenção entre os pacientes assistidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro e pela Rede Suplementar de Saúde. A média do IMC, circunferências do pescoço e da cintura tiveram redução significativa (p < 0,001) no intervalo entre a primeira e a segunda consulta. Conclusão: A intervenção nutricional baseada na dieta do Mediterrâneo obteve satisfatória adesão dos participantes, tanto da rede pública quanto privada, e resultou em significativa redução dos parâmetros antropométricos. / Aracaju, SE