Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila de Almeida Rocha.pdf: 772521 bytes, checksum: b194f20082d72d2dfbc01ad6fa1061da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The (central) auditory processing is the efficiency and effectiveness with which the central auditory nervous system processes the sounds, from its reception to its interpretation. Perceptual, cognitive and linguistic mechanisms have an influence on recognizing, decoding and interpreting the information heard. Because it consists of a cerebral activity, it is able to link the acoustic signal to its linguistic meaning. This highly complex process of neural pathways can be affected by several conditions inherent to its development and suffered illnesses. Therefore, the assessment of (central) auditory processing and all the segments through which it evolves represent a challenge to the professional involved. The Neuroscience contributes to the area of (central) auditory processing, once it attempts to comprehend the nervous system and its development. Given the necessity of definition and guidance on the practical care of human communication disorders, which includes the (central) auditory processing disorder (C)APD, incorporated to this new paradigm of Neurosciences, it is considered relevant to investigate the concepts and the context of this expanding field. Objective: To prepare the speech of the collective subject starting from the central ideas presented by a group of speech-language pathologist/audiologist. Method: this research counts with the participation of eight speech-language pathologist/audiologists who work in the field of evaluation and/or therapy of (central) auditory processing. They have been interviewed about six central themes: auditory processing (theme 1), (central) auditory processing disorder (theme 2), hearing and language (theme 3), perception (theme 4), set of tests and standardization (theme 5) and differential diagnosis (theme 6). The qualitative method has been used based on the Collective Subject Speech of Lefèvre. The interviews have been recorded and then transcribed. Result: After the construction of speech from key expressions of each subject, central ideas have been identified. In relation to theme 1: "processes: take place from the ear to the brain", "what we do with what we hear" and "expanding area". In relation to theme 2: "nomenclature", "difficulty in one or more of the hearing skills", "related or not to other disorders", "impacts X compensation . In relation to theme 3: "to see the subject as a whole", "hearing: sensation and language: symbolism , "hearing: the preferable way to the oral language", "Hearing: a significant way to the language development" and "deaf: damage in the development of oral language". In relation to theme 4: "the entrance of any sensory information" and "internal representation of feelings. In relation to theme 5: "selection of tests and procedures", "established rules" and "standardization in Brazil". In relation to theme 6: "to differentiate diseases with the same symptoms (comorbidities) and "multidisciplinary team". Conclusion: the assembling of the six proposed themes have been organized in a single speech as if only one speech-language pathologist/audiologist were talking about (central) auditory processing and its implications / O processamento auditivo (central) é a eficiência e a eficácia com que o sistema nervoso auditivo central utiliza a informação auditiva, da sua recepção até a sua análise. Mecanismos perceptuais, cognitivos e lingüísticos influenciam no reconhecimento, na decodificação e na interpretação dessa informação auditiva. Por ser uma atividade cerebral, é capaz de associar o sinal acústico ao seu significado lingüístico. Esse processo altamente complexo de vias neurais pode ser afetado por inúmeras condições inerentes ao seu desenvolvimento e afecções sofridas. Desta forma, a avaliação do processamento auditivo (central), assim como todos os seguimentos que por ela perpassam, representa um desafio para o profissional envolvido. A Neurociência contribui para a área de processamento auditivo (central), pois busca a compreensão do sistema nervoso e seu desenvolvimento. Diante da necessidade de definição e reorientação das práticas de cuidados com os distúrbios da comunicação humana, o que engloba o TPA(C), inseridas nesse novo paradigma da Neurociência, considera-se relevante investigar as concepções e o contexto da área em expansão. Objetivo: elaborar o discurso do sujeito coletivo a partir das idéias centrais apresentadas por um grupo de fonoaudiólogas. Método: esta pesquisa contou com a participação de oito fonoaudiólogas que atuam na área de avaliação e/ou terapia do processamento auditivo (central). As fonoaudiólogas foram entrevistadas a partir de seis temas norteadores: processamento auditivo (tema 1), desordem do processamento auditivo (central) (tema 2), audição e linguagem (tema 3), percepção (tema 4), bateria de testes e padronização (tema 5) e diagnóstico diferencial (tema 6). Foi utilizado método qualitativo baseado no Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo de Lefèvre. As entrevistas foram gravadas e posteriormente transcritas. Resultado: construídos os discursos a partir das expressões-chave de cada tema, foram detectadas idéias centrais. Quanto ao tema 1: processos: ocorrem desde a orelha até o cérebro , o que fazemos com o que ouvimos e área em expansão ; quanto tema 2: nomenclatura , dificuldade em uma ou mais das habilidades auditivas , associado ou não a outros transtornos , impactos X compensações ; quanto ao tema 3: ver o sujeito como um todo , audição: sensação e linguagem: simbolismo , audição: via preferencial para a linguagem oral , audição: via importante para o desenvolvimento da linguagem e surdo: prejuízo no desenvolvimento da linguagem oral ; quanto ao tema 4: entrada de qualquer informação sensorial e representação interna das sensações ; quanto ao tema 5: escolha dos testes e procedimentos , regras fixadas e padronização no Brasil e quanto ao tema 6: diferenciar patologias com os mesmos sintomas (comorbidades) e equipe multidisciplinar . Conclusão: a junção dos seis temas propostos foi organizada em um único discurso como se apenas um único fonoaudiólogo estivesse falando acerca do processamento auditivo (central) e suas implicações

Thesis (Sc.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Vita. / Bibliography: leaves 46-48. / by Michael Alan Picheny. / Sc.D.

Thesis. 1978. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Includes bibliographies. / Ph.D.

Temporal envelope and periodicity components (TEPC) offer robust cues for speech recognition, even spectral information in the speech signal are not readily available. Many previous studies investigated the contribution of TEPC on speech recognition in English, but very few of them investigated the contribution of TEPC on tonal language and particularly on lexical tone recognition. Lexical tones encode lexical and grammatical meanings of words in tonal languages, and are essentially represented by the fundamental frequency and its low-order harmonics. Listeners with cochlear hearing loss have reduced frequency selectivity, causing much broader auditory filters than normal hearing listeners. Spectral cues in the speech signal are much reduced and hearing-impaired listeners have to rely more on TEPC for speech understanding. TEPC extracted from different frequency regions do not necessarily contribute equally for speech recognition. These frequency-specific TEPC contributions vary among different types of speech materials. Such investigation has not been conducted thoroughly for lexical tone yet. / This high frequency TEPC advantage maintained in conditions where the TEPC were carried in noise bands sharing the same frequency region as the frequency region where the TPEC were extracted, or in conditions where TEPC extracted from different frequency regions were carried by fixed high frequency noise bands, even when only a single noise band was used as the carrier. Consistent results were obtained using different lexical tone testing materials. TEPC extracted from the male voice than the female one consistently yielded better performance. Although hearing-impaired listeners performed not as good as their normal hearing peers, they were able to utilize the available TEPC information significantly particularly when TEPC from high frequencies were available. The high frequency TEPC advantage can be explained by the bandwidth of the carrier. Certain critical TEPC modulations for lexical tone recognition are believed to reside only in the high frequency regions but not the low frequency ones. Signal processing methods that can preserve or enhance TEPC in the high frequency regions in the speech signal may improve lexical tone recognition or even overall speech recognition of hearing-impaired listeners. / This research project was aimed at investigating the contribution of TEPC for lexical tone recognition in Cantonese which is a tonal language widely spoken in Chinese communities around the world. By comparing the contributions of TEPC extracted from different frequency regions on lexical tone recognition from a series of experiments, TEPC from high frequency regions always outperformed those from the low frequency regions, based on group analysis on closed-set corrected rationalized arcsine transformed scores, percentage of information transmission, and multidimensional scaling analysis; and on individual subject analysis on binomial distribution of proportion correct scores. / Yuen, Chi Pun. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-09, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 255-262). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

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The early selection and use of an appropriate amplification system may be the most important aspect in the aural! rehabilitation of children who are hearing impaired. The main goal guiding the selection of hearing aids for children is to maximize their residual hearing through amplification in order to facilitate speech and language development. Seewald, Ross, and Stelmachciwicz (1987) have developed a speech-spectrum based procedure for selecting hearing aid characteristics for children referred to as the Desired Sensation Level Procedure (DSL) approach. This is an objective method which has been developed specifically for use with young pre-verbal children. I The purpose of the present study was to determine how closely the previously fitted amplification systems of profoundly hearing-impaired children approximated the amplification targets that would be prescribed for their hearing losses by the DSL method. The data were used to examine the feasibility and appropriateness of the DSL method for prescribing amplification for children with profound hearing impairments. Twenty amplification systems worn by profoundly hearing-impaired children were electroacoustically evaluated to discover how closely they approximated the DSL fitting criteria. Hearing thresholds were obtained for each subject for the frequencies 250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz using puretone audiometry. The DSL computer program was used to generate prescribed 2 cc. coupler targets at each frequency. The subjects' amplification systems were electroacoustically analyzed to determine the measured 2 cc. coupler response. Means and standard deviations were reported for prescribed and measured gain values at each frequency. Two-tailed t-tests were computed to determine if a difference exists between prescribed and measured gain. The tests were considered significant at the .05 level. A significant difference between the means was found at 2000 and 4000 Hz. Correlation coefficients were calculated at each frequency to determine if a predictable relationship between prescribed and measured gain existed. Correlation coefficients showed weak relationships between the two groups of data. These results showed the difficulty of meeting prescribed amplification targets, particularly in the high frequencies for children with profound hearing impairments.

Hearing assessment techniques, and counseling for the pediatric population are different from those used on adults. Parents will often not have any prior knowledge of how their child's hearing will be assessed. Therefore, many questions may pertain to the mechanics of the evaluation. Audiologists may find the questions take away some of their counseling time and they have less time to discuss the diagnosis and prognosis of the child. The purpose of this study was to determine if a computer program developed with information about pediatric evaluations could be used to educate individuals about this process. Twenty subjects were involved with this study. Eighteen volunteers were attending Portland State University, and two were volunteers from the general population. Ten subjects were selected to come to Portland State University to view a computer program about pediatric hearing evaluations. The other ten were part of the control group and did not view the computer program. Immediately following each subject answered the questionnaire. The questions on the questionnaire covered information about: otoscopy, behavioral observation audiometry, visual reinforcement audiology, play audiometry, tympanometry and speech testing. The results were tabulated and percentages calculated. The results of this study indicated that, in general, the computer program did educate the participants about pediatric evaluations. In some areas such as tympanometry, otoscopy, and testing procedures the computer program was extremely strong. The information obtained in this study would indicate that a computer program might be used to educate parents about the techniques used in a pediatric evaluation prior to their child's appointment. In some areas such as the information regarding speech testing, and some questions relating to different behavioral techniques, there appears to be a need for further development and expansion, so the parents will be able to retain the information in these areas.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur musiker ser på begrepp som ljudnivå, musikupplevelse och relationen mellan dessa. Underlaget för studien är sex intervjuer med musiker och ljudtekniker, med och utan hörselskador. Studien byggs på sex kvalitativa intervjuer och är avgränsad till att i första hand behandla detta inom musikstilar vilka är baserade på trummor och bas – pop/rock, jazz/blues. Studiens resultat visar att parametrar som t.ex. genre, lokal, ljudteknik, ljudtekniker och arrangör har inverkan på det ljud och den ljudnivå som uppnås vid en konsert. Vidare redovisas respondenternas syn på relationen mellan ljudnivåer och musikupplevelse. Samtliga respondenter menar att ljudvolymen har en stor betydelse för den musikaliska upplevelsen och att faktorer som lokalens utformning och musikens genre har stor betydelse för upplevelsen av lämplig ”ljudbild”. / The purpose of this study is to investigate musicians’ opinions about terms such as sound level, musical experience, and the relation between them. The basis for the study is six interviews with musicians and sound engineers, some with and some without hearing disorders. The study is limited to primarily focus on musical styles that are based on drums and bass – jazz/blues, pop/rock. The result demonstrates that parameters like genre, room, technical equipment, sound engineers and arrangers all have influence on the sound and the sound level at a concert. Also – the respondents’ different views on the relationship between sound level and musical experience are presented. All the respondents think that volume is of great significance for the total experience of the music and the feelings it brings. They also believe that factors like the interior and form of the room/venue and the musical genre are of great importance for the experience of proper sound and sound environment.

Professional research project (Au.D.)--University of South Florida, 2000. / Title from PDF of title page. / Document formatted into pages; contains 48 pages. / Includes bibliographical references. / Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format. / ABSTRACT: The primary objective of the project was to survey recognized "experts" in the field of neurodiagnostic audiology and practicing audiologists regarding their referral criteria and referral patterns for administering an auditory brainstem response test (ABR). For purposes of this study, "expert" was defined as any recognized audiologist with at least two or more publications and/or seminarsin the field of auditory evoked potentials. / Responses of experts and practicing audiologists were compared and contrasted to establish: a) if there was a standard referral pattern; b) what, if any, were the apparent critical components of referral patterns; and, c) whether or not current practice reflected the utilization of such critical components. The survey was designed to establish whether the respondent was practicing, in what type of practice setting, and how often ABRs were performed. Specificity and sensitivity of ABR outcomes was also requested. / The survey was administered verbally, via telephone, to 3 experts and was sent via e-mail to 178 randomly selected audiologists in the United States. Of the latter 53 returned, 38 reported conducting ABRs. Thus, data analysis was reported on 38 respondents. The survey results did not reveal a consistent standard referral pattern. Critical components for referral were hypothesized based on the "expert" majority response. These include ABR referral based on the presence of: (1) asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss; (2) unilateral tinnitus; (3) positive reflex decay; and, (4) word recognition rollover. The majority of "non-expert" practitioners surveyed reported that these symptoms warranted consideration for referral, thus reflecting utilization of apparent critical components. / System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Thesis (M. Communication Pathology)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.