published_or_final_version / Speech and Hearing Sciences / Master / Master of Philosophy

In this observational study the researcher examined the Academic Engagement of deaf and hard of hearing (D/HH) students in a co-enrollment setting. Academic Engagement refers to attention, class participation, and time-on-task. Co-Enrollment is a model of group inclusion that provides D/HH students with access to a D/HH peer group as well as access to the general education curriculum. D/HH students typically lag behind their hearing peers in achievement, due in part to difficulties with accessing the general education curriculum both in special schools for the Deaf or self-contained classrooms, as well as in traditional inclusive settings. One way to know if a student has actually had access to, rather than mere exposure to the curriculum is to determine if he has attended to the instruction and participated in the instructional activities. Co-enrollment programming holds promise for addressing the problems with access that D/HH students typically experience in other educational placements; therefore the researcher hypothesized that in this unique setting D/HH students would demonstrate levels of Academic Engagement equal to their hearing peers. The researcher further hypothesized that there would be a relationship between Academic Engagement and the classroom environment, and that this relationship would be similar for D/HH and hearing students. Using a correlational research design, these hypotheses were tested by conducting repeated observations with use of the Mainstream Version of the Code for Instructional Structure and Student Academic Response (MS-CISSAR) for measuring Academic Engagement. Results indicated that D/HH students in a co-enrollment setting were as Academically Engaged as their hearing peers; however they were less engaged in active forms of Academic Engagement (i.e., Academic Responding) than their hearing peers. Associations were found between aspects of Classroom Ecology, such as the size of Instructional Grouping, and the degree of Academic Engagement for both D/HH and hearing students. The associations between Academic Engagement and Classroom Ecology were similar for D/HH and hearing students; however some differences were found as well. The implications of these results are discussed and suggestions are made for future research.

The purpose of this study was to examine the processes and patterns of communicative interaction which preschool and elementary school-aged deaf and hearing siblings utilized to initiate, maintain and terminate dialogs during play. Specifically, the focus was to determine if the processes and patterns of communication differed when a deaf sibling interacted with an older hearing sibling who has been exposed primarily to a simultaneous visual-auditory (SimVA) pattern of communication, as compared to when a deaf sibling interacted with a younger hearing sibling who has been exposed to both a SimVA and a sequential visual (Seq V) pattern of communication. Video-taped playbouts were observed between each of two sibling dyads at play within a single family: (a) an older dyad composed of a seven-year-old hearing child and her five-year-old deaf sister, and (b) a younger dyad with the second-born deaf sister and her three-year-old hearing brother. The video-tapes were coded to determine: the kinds of play siblings engaged in; the use and expression of behavioral and communicative elements of attention-getting, exchange of information, and termination processes of dialogs; who initiated and terminated dialogs; the occurrence of turn-taking during message delivery; and the expression of patterns of communication used by siblings during dialogs. Only three of five possible kinds of play were actually noted, of which social play was the most frequently observed kind of play taking place between siblings within both dyads. In the older hearing and deaf sibling dyad, it was found that the older hearing sister predominately used visual processes and patterns of communicative interaction when conversing with her deaf sister, whereas the deaf sibling relied extensively on visual-auditory processes and patterns of communication when conversing with her hearing sister. In the younger dyad, visual-auditory patterns of communication predominated both hearing and deaf siblings' expression of processes and patterns of communication with each other. New terminology reflecting siblings' behavioral and communicative patterns of communication are introduced. This study represents the first known research examining the processes and patterns of deaf and hearing siblings' behavioral and communicative interactions of dialog. The findings are discussed in relation to potential applications to early intervention programs for hearing families with deaf and hearing siblings and to future research directions. Overall, the findings from this study appear to indicate that deaf and hearing siblings communicate in ways largely influenced by developmental maturation and the communicative environments to which each child has been exposed during language acquisition processes. The findings are also consistent with Vygotsky's theory of a sociocultural origin of language development.

Siekdami mokyklos nelankymo reiškiniui daryti įtaką, turime išsiaiškinti aplinkybes, kurios jį sąlygoja – kodėl moksleiviai nubyra iš mokyklos, kodėl nenori jos lankyti ir mokytis. Pagrindinės mokyklos moksleivių motyvacijos silpnėjimo priežasčių tyrimas apima bent du aspektus: tai, pirma, aplinkos sąlygas, kurios formuoja vaiko nepalankumą mokyklai, nenorą ją lankyti bei silpnina norą mokytis ir, antra, paties moksleivio nuostatas, požiūrius bei vertybines orientacijas, susiformavusias tomis sąlygomis. Moksleivių mokymosi motyvacijos silpnėjimo priežastys gali būti išorinės (sąlygotos aplinkos) ir vidinės (priklausančios nuo moksleivio savybių). Kiekvieno vaiko sąmonę tiesiogiai ir netiesiogiai formuoja aplinka, kuri daro įtaką ir jo motyvacinei sferai. Tyrimo tikslas – ištirti mokinių, turinčių klausos sutrikimų, mokymosi motyvus. Teorinėje dalyje analizuojama literatūra apie mokymosi motyvus bei jų svarbą, taip pat pateikiama klausos sutrikimo charakteristika. Empirinėje dalyje analizuojami klausos sutrikimų turinčių mokinių mokymosi motyvai, gauti duomenys lyginami su įprastinės raidos mokinių tyrimo gautais duomenimis. Taip pat buvo analizuojama pedagogų nuomonė apie mokinių mokymosi motyvus. Tyrime, kuris buvo vykdomas anketine apklausa, dalyvavo 232 respondentai. Iš jų 103 klausos sutrikimų turintys, bei 103 įprastinės raidos mokinių, taip pat 26 pedagogai. Mokslinės literatūros analizė rodo, kad motyvai ir motyvacija, įvairių autorių yra pateikiama skirtingai, tačiau... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In order to affect the nonattendance the circumstances determining the students’ unwillingness to attend school have to be ascertained. The main analysis of the reasons of students’ failing motivation includes two aspects. The first aspect concentrates on the surrounding conditions framing the child’s disfavor to school, unwillingness to attend lessons and learn. The second aspect focuses on students’ attitudes, worth orientation which were formed in those circumstances. The failing motivation to learn might be external (effected by the surroundings) and internal (depending on students’ character features). Every child’s consciousness is directly or indirectly formed by the surroundings that have an influence on child’s motivation. The aim of the analysis is to investigate the learning motives of hearing-impaired students. The first part of the thesis includes the analysis of the literature on learning motives and their importance and provides the characteristic of hearing impairment. In the practical part the hearing-impaired students’ learning motives are analyzed and the received data is compared with conventional development students’ analysis results. Also the opinions of the educators on students‘ learning motives were analyzed. 232 respondents (of which 103 hearing-impaired, and 103 conventional development students) participated in the investigation which was carried out as a questionnaire. 26 educators also participated in the investigation.Scientific literature... [to full text]

This study surveyed Teachers of the Deaf in New Zealand who worked with a year 4 or year 8 student in 2006. The aim was to establish which assessments these teachers used and the extent to which the assessments influenced the IEP process and the teacher’s daily practice. The question was raised as to which assessments might provide reliable valid data to track the development of deaf and hearing-impaired students in New Zealand. The key findings from the study included that Teachers of the Deaf use assessments commonly used in deaf education more often than classroom assessments, but do make significant use of running records as well. There were differences between the two Deaf Education Centres use of assessment, and also disparity in the ways teachers arrive at assessment decisions such as allocating a curriculum level to a learning area. There was variance between the assessments used by a Teacher of the Deaf working in a satellite classroom, and the assessments completed by itinerant Resource Teachers of the Deaf. There appeared to be deaf students on Resource Teacher of the Deaf caseloads who were not assessed in mathematics by either the class teacher or the Teacher of the Deaf and the level of support by Teachers of the Deaf in mathematics is low. From within the complex picture of the assessment landscape for deaf students there are a number of signposts for future direction suggested by this study. These are: the need for a national assessment policy for deaf students; the need for data to be gathered nationally about the achievement of deaf students; sustained professional development around Teacher of the Deaf, common classroom assessments and national assessment tools; a closer look at the marking guidelines for Formal Retells and the need for student self-assessment practices to be further encouraged.

Auditory sequencing ability was studied in 18 five and 18 nine year old normal-hearing children, and in 18 hearing-impaired children aged 6 to 14 years. Subjects selected were able to repeat syllables differing in initial consonant or final vowel and identify pictures corresponding to 200-msec. environmental sounds. Sequences of 2, 3 and 4 such items were recorded at 1, 2 and 4 items per second. Significant interactions between type of stimuli, sequence length and rate were obtained. Normal-hearing children and, to a lesser extent, hearing-impaired children had greater facility in recalling verbal than nonverbal sequences. For aIl groups, the fastest rate was optimal for consonants, and the slowest rate for nonverbal sounds. Normal children were superior to hearing-impaired subjects on verbal sequences. On nonverbal sequences, hearing-impaired were more accurate than normal five year olds, but less accurate than nine year olds. Implications for auditory training are discussed. / L'habilite de suivre un ordre auditif fut étudiee chez des enfants d'audition normale de cinq et neuf ans et chez des sujets atteints de surdite, ages de 6 à 14 ans, 18 pour chaque groupe. Les sujets choisis pouvaient repeter des syllabes enregistrees, identifier des images correspondant à des sons d'entourage de 200 msec. de duree. Des ordres de 2, 3 et 4 de ces stimuli furent enregistrés au rythme de 1, 2 et 4 stimuli par seconde. Les enfants d'audition normale et, d'une façon moins eVidente, les enfants atteints de surdité avaient une plus grande facilite à se rappeler des ordres verbaux plutôt que non-verbaux. Pour tous les groupes, la vitesse la plus rapide fut optimale pour les consonnes, et la vitesse la plus lente, pour les sons non-verbaux. Les sujets d'audition normale furent superieurs à ceux atteints de surdité, pour les ordres verbaux mais ces derniers, furent supérieur aux sujets ages de cinq ans et non pas de neuf ans, pour les ordres non-verbaux. Des implications pour l'entraînement auditif sont discutes. fr

Listeners with severe-sloping losses often don’t perceive high-frequency sound cues. Conventional amplification fails to provide these cues due to loudness discomfort experienced by the listener, and/or acoustic feedback. Alternative signal-processing solutions include shifting higher frequencies down to lower frequencies, or providing electrical stimulation via a speech processor. Three experiments were carried out on adult hearing-impaired listeners to determine the best way of providing high-frequency information: conventional amplification, frequency compression or cochlear implantation.

Thesis (M.M.) -- Florida State University, 2003. / Advisor: Jayne M. Standley, Florida State University, School of Music. Title and description from thesis home page (viewed 9-29-04). Document formatted into pages; contains 112 pages. Includes biographical sketch. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 242-248).

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2001. / A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, College of Arts, Education & Social Science, School of Education & Early Childhood Studies, University of Western Sydney, 2001. Bibliography : leaves 252-278.