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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Heat Exchanger Network Synthesis With Detailed Design: Reformulation As A Shortest Path Problem By Temperature Discretization

Kirkizoglu, Isil 01 September 2012 (has links) (PDF)
This study presents an optimization approach to heat exchanger network synthesis (HENS). HENs are widely used in industry and bring several fluid streams into their desired temperatures by using available heat in the process for efficient usage of energy. Our aim is to provide a network design coupled with a detailed equipment design for heat exchangers. The suggested approach involves discretization of temperatures based on heat load equalities and reformulation as a shortest-path problem, rather than dealing with a nonlinear model and a previously structured HEN, which are common methods in the literature. We generate a shortest path network whose every node corresponds to a heat exchanger alternative and each path represents a HEN design alternative. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming model is solved to design each exchanger alternative in detail, considering all thermo-physical and transport properties of streams at their temperatures and pressures. Our approach has modeling flexibility and successfully finds the required number of heat exchangers and their connections. In addition, one can control the solution quality by deciding on the heat load steps between stream inlet and outlets. Several HEN examples from the literature are solved to assess the performance of our approach and comparable results are obtained.
2

Estudo de integração energética de rede de trocador de calor e emissão de gases de efeito estufa em processos industriais

Liem, Rosana Maria 19 June 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:56:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5317.pdf: 4354756 bytes, checksum: c3428f42cdc8f5cda6298342a6938dab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-19 / In light of the scientific evidence for global warming, the United Nations established the Framework Convention on Climate Change and defined the Kyoto Protocol that provided opportunities for sustainable social and economic development. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of the protocols applicable to developing countries such as Brazil. Opportunities for industries to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be led by thermal energy integration studies. In addition, sustainable processes can result in energy savings as well as help to mitigate GHG emissions. This work presents a study of heat exchanger network (HEN) synthesis in order to reduce energy consumption and GHG emissions, and the benefits are evaluated in terms of energy savings and carbon credits for CDM projects. It was proposed to two case studies using HEN data from literature, one concerns burning fossil fuels, and other one was evaluated the bagasse combustion. Both studies were applied the Aspen Energy Analyzer® software and its performance of the design of the HEN employed the Automatic Retrofit and Automatic Recommend Designs features were evaluated too. GHG emissions were mitigated; the first case confirmed that the carbon credits improve Capital Expenditure Index, returning 13% less in payback depending on fossil fuel price. The second case presents a maximum value of reduction of 26.2% burning bagasse, 7.7% GHG emissions, 30% increase power generation, together with 19,411 carbon credits per year. / Em virtude da constatação inequívoca do aquecimento global, foi estabelecida pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) a Convenção-Quadro sobre Mudança do Clima. No seu âmbito, foi criado o Protocolo de Quioto, que define mecanismos que enquadram responsabilidades e obrigações, abrindo oportunidades de desenvolvimento social e econômico sustentável. Um dos mecanismos estabelecido é o Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL), o único aplicável a países em desenvolvimento como o Brasil. Assim, no âmbito industrial existem várias oportunidades de redução das emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) aliados a trabalhos de integração energética. Além do comprometimento sustentável, é possível obter cenários economicamente viáveis devido à redução de energia associada à mitigação das emissões de GEE. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a síntese de rede de trocadores de calor (RTC) na redução do consumo de utilidades e de emissões de GEE, além de contabilizar os benefícios gerados na economia de combustíveis e a obtenção de créditos de carbono ligados a projetos que promovem o desenvolvimento limpo. Foram realizados dois estudos de casos com os dados da RTC obtidos da literatura, um referente à queima de combustíveis fósseis e outro referente à combustão do bagaço. Em ambos os estudos foi utilizado o software Aspen Energy Analyzer®, tendo como opções as ferramentas Automatic Retrofit e Automatic Recommend Designs, sendo estas avaliadas quanto ao seu desempenho na otimização da RTC. Foram mitigadas as emissões dos GEE, sendo que o primeiro caso foi comprovado que os créditos de carbono promovem um retorno financeiro mais rápido de até 13% dependendo do combustível fóssil e no segundo foi obtida uma redução de até 26,2% da queima do bagaço, 7,7% das emissões de GEE, geração extra de energia elétrica de até 30% e crédito de carbono de até 19.411 t CO2 ao ano.

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