Orientador: Mauricio Araújo Zanardi / Banca: Petrônio Masanobu Tanisho / Banca: Janaína Ferreira Batista Leal / Resumo: Neste trabalho foi estudada a utilização de tubos de calor no resfriamento de componentes eletrônicos. Foram realizados testes experimentais, utilizando aparato experimental construído especialmente para esta finalidade, com um tubo de calor plano como sorvedouro de calor para um componente elétrico. Diversas condições de operação foram simuladas variando-se a potência dissipada pelo componente e o ângulo de inclinação do sistema. Foi simulada também a falha do tubo de calor por vazamento do fluído de trabalho e os resultados foram comparados com os obtidos com o tubo funcionando perfeitamente. Grandes variações de temperatura foram encontrados o que demonstra a possibilidade de dano ao componente. Modelos numéricos de simulação foram comparados com os dados experimentais. Apesar da simplicidade dos mesmos, uma boa concordância foi encontrada. / Abstract: In this work the use of heat sink for cooling of electronic components was investigated. Experimental tests were perfomed using an experimental apparatus especially developed for this objective. Many different operational conditions were tested varying the power supplied to the component and the inclination angle of the system. The performance of the heat pipe, under failure conditions due to working fluid leakage, was also tested and the results were compared with the ones for the heat pipe in perfect conditions. High temperature differences were archieved what confirms the risks of component failure. Numerical models for both conditions were constructed and the results were compared with the experimental data. Although the simplicity of the models the results showed good agreement. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:47:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 abreu_lb_me_guara.pdf: 844401 bytes, checksum: 1328c920a0dadb5dd131f7465a4292e6 (MD5) / Neste trabalho foi estudada a utilização de tubos de calor no resfriamento de componentes eletrônicos. Foram realizados testes experimentais, utilizando aparato experimental construído especialmente para esta finalidade, com um tubo de calor plano como sorvedouro de calor para um componente elétrico. Diversas condições de operação foram simuladas variando-se a potência dissipada pelo componente e o ângulo de inclinação do sistema. Foi simulada também a falha do tubo de calor por vazamento do fluído de trabalho e os resultados foram comparados com os obtidos com o tubo funcionando perfeitamente. Grandes variações de temperatura foram encontrados o que demonstra a possibilidade de dano ao componente. Modelos numéricos de simulação foram comparados com os dados experimentais. Apesar da simplicidade dos mesmos, uma boa concordância foi encontrada. / In this work the use of heat sink for cooling of electronic components was investigated. Experimental tests were perfomed using an experimental apparatus especially developed for this objective. Many different operational conditions were tested varying the power supplied to the component and the inclination angle of the system. The performance of the heat pipe, under failure conditions due to working fluid leakage, was also tested and the results were compared with the ones for the heat pipe in perfect conditions. High temperature differences were archieved what confirms the risks of component failure. Numerical models for both conditions were constructed and the results were compared with the experimental data. Although the simplicity of the models the results showed good agreement.

No description available.

Heat pipe is a passive heat transport device, engineered to harness latent heat of vaporization of contained working fluid to efficiently transfer sensible energy of one fluid stream to another. Heat pipes have observed applications in HVAC, electronics cooling, space equipment cooling, etc. due to their high effective thermal conductivity. Heat pipe heat exchanger (HPHE) employs finned heat pipes for performance enhancement. A mathematical model was developed into a Mathcad based tool for properly sizing and optimizing gravity-assisted HPHE designs. A charging station was setup to fabricate heat pipes under deep vacuum using a liquid nitrogen cold trap. A wind test tunnel was constructed to conduct experiments on a HPHE prototype. The thermal performance testing resulted in 11.4 kW of heat duty with 54% effectiveness of the HPHE. Parametric studies were also conducted for varying input heat and air flow rates, followed by the result comparison with program predictions.

No description available.

Thesis (MScIng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As the demand for less expensive energy is increasing world-wide, energy conservation is becoming a more-and-more important economic consideration. In light of this, means to recover energy from waste fluid streams is also becoming more-and-more important. An efficient and cost effective means of conserving energy is to recover heat from a low temperature waste fluid stream and use this heat to preheat another process stream. Heat pipe heat exchangers (HPHEs) are devices capable of cost effectively salvaging wasted energy in this way. HPHEs are liquid-coupled indirect transfer type heat exchangers except that the HPHE employs heat pipes or thermosyphons as the major heat transfer mechanism from the high temperature to the low-temperature fluid. The primary advantage of using a HPHE is that it does not require an external pump to circulate the coupling fluid. The hot and cold streams can also be completely isolated preventing cross-contamination of the fluids. In addition, the HPHE has no moving parts. In this thesis, the development of a range of air-to-air HPHEs is investigated. Such an investigation involved the theoretical modelling of HPHEs such that a demonstration unit could be designed, installed in a practical industrial application and then evaluated by considering various financial aspects such as initial costs, running costs and energy savings. To develop the HPHE theoretical model, inside heat transfer coefficients for the evaporator and condenser sections of thermosyphons were investigated with R134a and Butane as two separate working fluids. The experiments on the thermosyphons were undertaken at vertical and at an inclination angle of 45° to the horizontal. Different diameters were considered and evaporator to condenser length ratios kept constant. The results showed that R134a provided for larger heat transfer rates than the Butane operated thermosyphons for similar temperature differences despite the fact that the latent heat of vaporization for Butane is higher than that of R134a. As an example, a R134a charged thermosyphon yielded heat transfer rates in the region of 1160 W whilst the same thermosyphon charged with Butane yielded heat transfer rates in the region of 730 W at 23 °C . Results also showed that higher heat transfer rates were possible when the thermosyphons operated at 45°. Typically, for a thermosyphon with a diameter of 31.9 mm and an evaporator to condenser length ratio of 0.24, an increase in the heat transfer rate of 24 % could be achieved. Theoretical inside heat transfer coefficients were also formulated which were found to correlate reasonably well with most proposed correlations. However, an understanding of the detailed two-phase flow and heat transfer behaviour of the working fluid inside thermosyphons is difficult to model. Correlations proposing this behaviour were formulated and include the use of R134a and Butane as the working fluids. The correlations were formulated from thermosyphons of diameters of 14.99 mm, 17.272 mm, 22.225 mm and 31.9 mm. The evaporator to condenser length ratio for the 31.9 mm diameter thermosyphon was 0.24 whilst the other thermosyphons had ratios of 1. The heat fluxes ranged from 1800-43500 W/m2. The following theoretical inside heat transfer coefficients were proposed for vertical and inclined operations (READ CORRECT FORMULA IN FULL TEXT ABSTRACT) φ = 90° ei h = 3.4516x105Ja−0.855Ku1.344 φ = 45° ei h = 1.4796x105Ja−0.993Ku1.3 φ = 90° l l l ci l l v h x k g 1/ 3 2.05 2 4.61561 109Re 0.364 ν ρ ρ ρ − ⎡ ⎡ ⎛ ⎞⎤ ⎤ = ⎢ ⎢ ⎜ ⎟⎥ ⎥ ⎢ ⎢ ⎜ − ⎟⎥ ⎥ ⎣ ⎣ ⎝ ⎠⎦ ⎦ φ = 45° l l l ci l l v h x k g 1/ 3 1.916 2 3.7233 10 5Re 0.136 ν ρ ρ ρ − ⎡ ⎡ ⎛ ⎞⎤ ⎤ = ⎢ ⎢ ⎜ ⎟⎥ ⎥ ⎢ ⎢ ⎜ − ⎟⎥ ⎥ ⎣ ⎣ ⎝ ⎠⎦ ⎦ The theoretically modelled demonstration HPHE was installed into an existing air drier system. Heat recoveries of approximately 8.8 kW could be recovered for the hot waste stream with a hot air mass flow rate of 0.55 kg/s at an inlet temperature of 51.64 °C and outlet temperature of 35.9 °C in an environment of 20 °C. Based on this recovery, energy savings of 32.18 % could be achieved and a payback period for the HPHE was calculated in the region of 3.3 years. It is recommended that not withstanding the accuracies of roughly 25 % achieved by the theoretically predicted correlations to that of the experimental work, performance parameters such as the liquid fill charge ratios, the evaporator to condenser length ratios and the orientation angles should be further investigated. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: As gevolg van die groeiende aanvraag na goedkoper energie, word die behoud van energie ‘n al hoe belangriker ekonomiese oorweging. Dus word die maniere om energie te herwin van afval-vloeierstrome al hoe meer intensief ondersoek. Een effektiewe manier om energie te herwin, is om die lae-temperatuur-afval-vloeierstroom (wat sou verlore gaan) se hitte te gebruik om ‘n ander vloeierstroom mee te verhit. Hier dien dit dan as voorverhitting van die ander, kouer, vloeierstroom. Hittepyp hitteruilers (HPHR’s) is laekoste toestelle wat gebruik kan word vir hierdie doel. ‘n HPHR is ‘n vloeistof-gekoppelde indirekte-oordrag hitteruiler, behalwe vir die feit dat dié hitteruiler gebruik maak van hittepype (of hittebuise) wat die grootste deel van sy hitteoordragsmeganisme uitmaak. Die primêre voordele van ‘n HPHR is dat dit geen bewegende dele het nie, die koue- en warmstrome totaal geïsoleer bly van mekaar en geen eksterne pomp benodig word om die werkvloeier mee te sirkuleer nie. In hierdie tesis word ‘n ondersoek gedoen oor die ontwikkeling van ‘n bestek van lug-totlug HPHR’s. Hierdie ondersoek het die teoretiese modellering van so ‘n HPHR geverg, sodat ‘n demonstrasie eenheid ontwerp kon word. Hierdie demonstrasie eenheid is geïnstalleer in ‘n praktiese industriële toepassing waar dit geïvalueer is deur na aspekte soos finansiële voordele en energie-besparings te kyk. Om die teoretiese HPHR model te kon ontwikkel, moes daar gekyk word na die binnehitteoordragskoëffisiënte van die verdamper- en kondensordeursneë, asook R134a en Butaan as onderskeie werksvloeiers. Die eksperimente met die hittebuise is gedoen in die vertikale en 45° (gemeet vanaf die horisontaal) posisies. Verskillende diameters is ook ondersoek, maar met die verdamper- en kondensor-lengteverhouding wat konstant gehou is. Die resultate wys dat R134a as werksvloeier in die hittebuise voorsiening maak vir groter hitteoordragstempo’s in vergelyking met Butaan as werksvloeier by min of meer dieselfde temperatuur verskil – dít ten spyte van die feit dat Butaan ‘n hoër latente-hittetydens- verdampings eienskap het. As voorbeeld gee ‘n R134a-gelaaide hittebuis ‘n hitteoordragstempo van omtrent 1160 W terwyl dieselfde hittebuis wat met Butaan gelaai is, slegs ongeveer 730 W lewer by 23 °C. Die resultate wys ook duidelik dat hoër hitteoordragstempo’s verkry word indien die hittebuis bedryf word teen ‘n hoek van 45°. ‘n Tipiese toename in hitteoordragstempo is ongeveer 24 % vir ‘n hittebuis met ‘n diameter van 31.9 mm en ‘n verdamper- tot kondensor-lengteverhouding van 0.24. Teoretiese binne-hitteoordragskoëffisiënte is ook geformuleer. Dié waardes stem redelik goed ooreen met die meeste voorgestelde korrelasies. Nieteenstaande die feit dat gedetailleerde twee-fase-vloei en die hitteoordragsgedrag van die werksvloeier binne hittebuise nog nie goed deur die wetenskaplike wêreld verstaan word nie. Korrelasies wat hierdie gedrag voorstel is geformuleer en sluit weereens die gebruik van R134a en Butaan as werksvloeiers in. Die korrelasies is geformuleer vanaf hittebuise met diameters van onderskeidelik 14.99 mm, 17.272 mm, 22.225 mm en 31.9 mm. Die verdamper- tot kondensor-lengteverhoudings vir die 31.9 mm deursnit hittebuis was 0.24 terwyl die ander hittebuise ‘n verhouding van 1 gehad het. Die hitte-vloede het gewissel van 1800-45300 W/m2. Die volgende teoretiese geformuleerde binne-hitteoordragskoëffisiënte word voorgestel vir beide vertikale sowel as nie-vertikale toepassing (LEES KORREKTE FORMULE IN VOLTEKS OPSOMMING) φ = 90° ei h = 3.4516x105Ja−0.855Ku1.344 φ = 45° ei h = 1.4796x105Ja−0.993Ku1.3 φ = 90° l l l ci l l v h x k g 1/ 3 2.05 2 4.61561 109Re 0.364 ν ρ ρ ρ − ⎡ ⎡ ⎛ ⎞⎤ ⎤ = ⎢ ⎢ ⎜ ⎟⎥ ⎥ ⎢ ⎢ ⎜ − ⎟⎥ ⎥ ⎣ ⎣ ⎝ ⎠⎦ ⎦ φ = 45° l l l ci l l v h x k g 1/ 3 1.916 2 3.7233 10 5Re 0.136 ν ρ ρ ρ − ⎡ ⎡ ⎛ ⎞⎤ ⎤ = ⎢ ⎢ ⎜ ⎟⎥ ⎥ ⎢ ⎢ ⎜ − ⎟⎥ ⎥ ⎣ ⎣ ⎝ ⎠⎦ ⎦ Die wiskundig-gemodelleerde demostrasie HPHR is geïnstalleer binne ‘n bestaande lugdroër-sisteem. Drywing van om en by 8.8 kW kon herwin word vanaf die warm-afvalvloeierstroom met ‘n massa vloei van 0.55 kg/s teen ‘n inlaattemperatuur van 51.64 °C en ‘n uitlaattemperatuur van 35.9 °C binne ‘n omgewing van 20 °C. Na aanleiding van hierdie herwinning, kan energiebesparings van tot 32.18 % verkry word. Die HPHR se installasiekoste kan binne ‘n berekende tydperk van ongeveer 3.3 jaar gedelg word deur hierdie besparing. Verdamper- tot kondensator-lengteverhouding, vloeistofvulverhouding en die oriëntasiehoek vereis verdere ondersoek, aangesien daar slegs ‘n akkuraatheid van 25 % verkry is tussen teoretiese voorspellings en praktiese metings.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1979. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Includes bibliographical references. / by James R. Rinderle. / M.S.

Thesis (DTech (Mechanical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. / The water desalination process needs large quantities of energy, either directly from fossil fuel or electricity from the national grid. However, these sources of energy significantly contribute to problems such as global warming in addition to creating a drain on the economy, due to their high cost. This dissertation is a description of the research undertaken with the aim of producing a water desalination prototype; a novel approach that was designed using state-of-the-art solar water heating equipment, incorporating the technologies of evacuated tubes and heat pipes. During the execution of the project, various modifications to the original commercially-available solar water heating system were attempted, each aimed at increasing the production of pure water. Finally, the system proved capable of producing a reasonable amount of pure water after twelve lengthy indoor experiments conducted in a laboratory in the department of Mechanical Engineering at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville Campus, Cape Town, South Africa. Each experiment lasted five days on the basis of seven hours of exposure to an average amount of simulated solar radiation, followed by seventeen hours daily of inactivity and partial cooling down of the system.

Orientador: Kamal Abdel Radi Ismail / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T06:37:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mendes_ValdirsonPereira_M.pdf: 606290 bytes, checksum: 25b8fe6db230e078d4fe26ed1ffe94b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: A intensificação da troca de calor avaliada fundamentalmente em termos do coeficiente de transferência de calor do escoamento em tubos lisos e com inserção de molas espirais de perfil circular e retangular foi investigado no presente trabalho. Nesse sentido, utilizou-se uma bancada experimental montada para tal avaliação. Os ensaios foram realizados fixando a temperatura de entrada na seção de ensaios na ordem de 2,6°C. Para a realização dos ensaios, a vazão mássica de água variou na faixa entre 0,050 a 0,310 kg/s, correspondendo a valores de Reynolds, Re, da ordem de 2900 e 15000, respectivamente. Os resultados experimentais mostram que o tubo com mola espiral com perfil retangular apresentou o melhor desempenho do coeficiente de transferência de calor, seguido do tubo com mola com perfil circular e do tubo liso. Para reduzidos valores de número de Reynolds, o coeficiente de transferência de calor para os três tubos tendem a mesma ordem. Os resultados experimentais mostram que a perda de carga aumentou com o incremento da vazão mássica, onde o tubo com mola com perfil retangular apresentou os maiores valores. Na análise final ao se avaliar o desempenho termo-hidráulico conclui-se que o tubo com mola espiral com perfil circular é um pouco superior do que o tubo com mola de perfil retangular. Analizou-se também os resultados obtidos por intermédio das correlações, de Gnielinski e de Bergles, comparando-as com os resultados obtidos experimentalmente. / Abstract: This study of change of heat appraised fundamentally in terms of coefficient of transfer of heat of the water in drainage in smooth tubes and with insert of spiral springs of circular and rectangular profile it was investigated in the present work. In that sense it was used a supported experimental mounted for such evaluation. The rehearsals were accomplished fixing the entrance temperature in the section of rehearsals in the order of 2,6°C. In the accomplishment of the rehearsals the mass flow of water varied in the interval among 0,50 to 0,310 kg/s corresponding to values of number Reynolds, Re, of the order from 2900 to 15000, respectively. The experimental results show that the tube with spiral spring with rectangular profile presented the best acting of the coefficient of transfer of heat, followed by the tube with spring with circular profile and of the smooth tube. For reduced values of number Reynolds the coefficient of transfer of heat for the three tubes was of the some order. The experimental results show that the load loss increased with the increment of the mass flow where the tube with spring with rectangular profile presented the largest values. In the analysis final to evaluate the term-hydraulic acting is ended that the tube with spiral spring with circular profile is a little larger than the tube with spring of rectangular profile. It was verified the results also obtained through the correlations, of Gnielinski and of Bergles comparing them with the results obtained experimentally. / Mestrado / Refrigeração e Condicionamento Ambiental / Mestre Profissional em Engenharia Mecanica

Orientador: Kamal Abdel Radi Ismail / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:30:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Saraiva_LuisEdson_D.pdf: 6806065 bytes, checksum: ae5ac00eb10f795ccdf8bffcd15232bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Neste trabalho o funcionamento de um tubo de calor com rotação em tomo de seu eixo axial, internamente cilíndrico e provido de estrutura porosa para o retomo do líquido, é simulado numericamente. As equações governantes para os escoamentos do líquido e do vapor são resolvidas simultaneamente através do algoritmo SIMPLE. Os resultados são apresentados em termos de perfis de velocidades, temperatura e pressão e, também, em termos de números adimensionais relevantes para o estudo do desempenho deste tipo de tubo de calor. Uma investigação a respeito de possíveis limites de funcionamento é também realizada / Abstract: This work presents a numerical simulation of the operation of a non-tapered (intemally cylindrical) axially rotating heat pipe with porous medium for the liquid retum. The SIMPLE algorithm is used to simultaneously solve the goveming equations for vapor and liquid flows. Results are presented in terms of velocities, temperature and pressure profiles and, also, in terms of appropriated dimensionless numbers. Investigations about possible working limits of this kind of rotating heat pipes are also performed. / Doutorado / Trmica e Fluidos / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica