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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Studying fusion reactions for effect of PCN on heavy nucleus formation and for nuclear structure effects /

Naik, Radhika. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-149). Also available on the World Wide Web.
2

Classically bonded chalcogenide anions of tin, thallium, and lead in basic media /

Pirani, Ayaaz M. January 1997 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- McMaster University, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 281-296). Also available via World Wide Web.
3

From heavy atoms to the outer galaxy : characterizing the chemistry of the Milky Way halo

Roederer, Ian Ulysses 26 October 2010 (has links)
This dissertation describes our efforts to use the assembly of matter on nuclear scales as a probe of the assembly of matter on Galactic scales. To investigate the former, we characterize the detailed abundance patterns of the heaviest elements found in ancient, metal-poor stars in the Galaxy. In particular, we place new constraints on and identify several new correlations among the nuclei produced by the rapid nucleosynthetic process, which we use to refine current models of the physical conditions of this process. To investigate the latter, we apply our knowledge of stellar nucleosynthesis to examine correlations between the space motions of stars and their compositions, which retain a record of the composition of the interstellar medium where they formed many billions of years ago. Using new high quality stellar spectra collected from McDonald Observatory and Las Campanas Observatory, we confirm the relative chemical homogeneity of a well-known stellar stream and identify several chemical differences between the two major components of the stellar halo of the Galaxy. Each of these results has significant implications for our understanding of how the Galactic halo formed, grew, and evolved. More profoundly, these results indicate that we have not yet fully characterized the cosmic origins of the heaviest elements in the universe and that we will likely need to examine large samples of metal-poor stars at great distances from the Sun to potentially do so. / text
4

Covariant Density Functional Theory: Global Performance and Rotating Nuclei

Ray, Debisree 06 May 2017 (has links)
Covariant density functional theory (CDFT) is a modern theoretical tool for the description of nuclear structure physics. Here different physical properties of the ground and excited states in atomic nuclei have been investigated within the CDFT framework employing three major classes of the state-of-the-art covariant energy density functionals. The global performance of CEDFs for even-even nuclei are investigated and the systematic theoretical uncertainties are estimated within the set of four CEDFs in known regions of the nuclear chart and their propagation towards the neutron drip line. Large-scale axial relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov (RHB) calculations are performed for even-even nuclei to calculate different ground state observabvles. The predictions for the two-neutron drip line are also compared in a systematic way with the non-relativistic results. CDFT has been applied for systematic study of extremely deformed, rotating N ∼ Z nuclei of the A ∼ 40 mass region. At spin zero such structures are located at high energies which prevents their experimental observation. The rotation acts as a tool to bring these exotic shapes down to the yrast line so that their observation could become possible with a future generation detectors such as GRETA or AGATA. The major physical observables of such structures, the underlying single-particle structure and the spins at which they become yrast or near yrast are defined. The search for the fingerprints of clusterization and molecular structures is performed and the configurations with such features are discussed. CDFT has been applied to study fission barriers of superheavy nuclei and related systematic theoretical uncertainties in the predictions of inner fission barrier heights in superheavy elements. Systematic uncertainties are substantial in superheavy elements and their behavior as a function of proton and neutron numbers contains a large random component. The benchmarking of the functionals to the experimental data on fission barriers in the actinides allows reduction of the systematic theoretical uncertainties for the inner fission barriers of unknown superheavy elements. However, even then they on average increase when moving away from the region where benchmarking has been performed.
5

Structure des noyaux les plus lourds : spectroscopie du noyau ²⁵¹Fm et développement pour des traitements numériques du signal / Structure of the heaviest nuclei : spectroscopy of ²⁵¹Fm and digital signal processing development

Rezynkina, Kseniia 21 September 2016 (has links)
L'un des principaux défis de la physique nucléaire moderne est de comprendre la structure nucléaire des éléments les plus lourds. Les barrières de fission calculées dans le modèle de la goutte liquide macroscopique ne parviennent pas à expliquer la stabilité des noyaux avec un nombre de protons Z≥90. Cette barrière disparaît pour les éléments transfermium (Z≥100) qui ne sont donc stabilisés que par des effets quantiques de couche. Les noyaux lourds sont un laboratoire unique pour étudier l'évolution de la structure nucléaire dans des conditions extrêmes de masse et de champ Coulombien. Bien que de nombreuses théories s’accordent sur l'existence d’un « îlot de stabilité », les prédictions sur son emplacement exact en terme de nombre de protons et neutrons varient grandement. Les études expérimentales des noyaux transfermium s’avèrent donc essentielles pour contraindre les modèles théoriques et mieux comprendre l’évolution des couches nucléaires.L'interaction entre le mouvement des particules individuelles et les degrés de liberté collectifs du noyau a été investiguée dans le 251Fm par le biais de la spectroscopie combinée délectrons de conversion interne et de photons γ. Les états excités du 251Fm ont été peuplés dans la décroissance α du 255No, produit dans les 2 réactions suivantes: 208Pb(48Ca, 1n)255No et 209Bi(48Ca, 2n)255Lr. Les expériences ont été réalisées au JINR, FLNR, Dubna. Les faisceaux intenses ont été délivrés par le cyclotron U-400, et les séparateurs VASSILISSA ou SHELS ont été utilisés pour sélectionner les résidus de fusion-évaporation. Le spectromètre GABRIELA a été utilisé pour effectuer des mesures des propriétés de décroissance caractéristique corrélées en temps et en position pour isoler les noyaux d'intérêt. La spectroscopie d'électrons de conversion interne du 251Fm a été réalisée pour la première fois. Ces mesures ont permis d'établir les multipolarités de plusieurs transitions et de quantifier le rapport de mélange M2/E3 dans la désintégration de l'isomère 5/2+. Le B (E3) valeur extraite est comparée à celles des autres membres de la chaîne isotonique N=151 et les calculs QRPA utilisant l'interaction effective de Gogny.Au cours de ce travail, une nouvelle méthode graphique d’extraction des rapports de mélange de transitions nucléaires a été développé. Cette méthode intuitive et illustrative et ses limites d'application, ainsi que certains aspects du calcul des rapports de mélange au-delà de ces limites, sont décrites et discutées.Les détecteurs silicium double-face à strips (DSDS) sont largement utilisés en spectrométrie nucléaire, en particulier au plan focal de séparateurs pour détecter l'implantation et la désintégration ultérieure des noyaux les plus lourds. Il a été constaté que la présence de strips mécaniquement déconnectés sur une face du DSDS peut conduire à l'apparition de pics d'énergie abaissée sur la face opposée en raison de la variation de la capacité totale. Cet effet, ainsi que les méthodes de correction du spectre, ont été étudiés et discutés. L'utilisation de simulations GEANT4 pour résoudre les effets de sommation α-ECI dans le DSDS et pour contraindre les coefficients de conversion interne des transitions impliquées dans la désexcitation du noyau d’intérêt est présentée à l’aide de l’exemple du 221Th.Une bonne partie des travaux ont été consacrés à la R&D pour un nouveau système électronique numérique pour le spectromètre GABRIELA et aux tests comparatifs de plusieurs cartes d'acquisition numériques. Les résultats de ces tests, ainsi que les algorithmes de traitement numérique du signal mis en œuvre pour une analyse non biaisée hors ligne sont présentés. / One of the major challenges of modern nuclear physics is to understand the nuclear structure of the heaviest elements. Fission barriers calculated within the macroscopic liquid drop model fail to explain the stability of nuclei with a number of protons Z≥90. Transfermium elements (Z≥100) have a vanishing liquid-drop barrier and are solely stabilized by quantum shell effects. They provide a unique laboratory to study the evolution of nuclear structure under the extreme conditions of large mass and strong Coulomb force. Though many theories agree on the existence of an “Island of Stability”, the predictions on its exact location in terms of number of protons and neutrons vary greatly. Hence the systematic study of transfermium nuclei is essential to constrain theoretical models and to get a better understanding of the evolution of nuclear shells.The interplay between single-particle and collective degrees of freedom in 251Fm was investigated by means combined internal conversion electron (ICE) and γ-ray spectroscopy. Excited states in 251Fm were populated via the α-decay of 255No produced in the two following fusion-evaporation reactions: 208Pb(48Ca, 1n)255No and 209Bi(48Ca, 2n)255Lr. The experiments were performed at the FLNR, JINR, Dubna. The intense beams were delivered by the U-400 cyclotron and the separators VASSILISSA or SHELS were used to select fusion evaporation residues. At their focal planes the GABRIELA spectrometer was used to perform a time and position correlated measurement of the characteristic decay properties to further isolate the nuclei of interest. ICE spectroscopy of 251Fm was performed for the first time. These measurements allowed to establish the multipolarities of several transitions in 251Fm and to quantify the M2/E3 mixing ratio in the decay of the low-lying 5/2+ isomer. The extracted B(E3) value is compared to those found in other members of the N=151 isotonic chain and to the QRPA calculations using the Gogny effective interaction.During this work, a novel graphical method of extracting mixing ratios for nuclear transitions has been developed. This intuitive and illustrative method and it’s limits of applicability, as well as certain aspects of the calculation of mixing ratios beyond these limits, are described and discussed.Double-sided silicon strip detectors (DSSD) are widely used in nuclear spectrometry, in particular at the focal plane of separators to detect the implantation and subsequent decay of the heaviest nuclei. It was found that the presence of mechanically disconnected strips on one face of the DSSD may lead to the occurrence of lower energy peaks on the opposite face due to the change of the total capacitance. This effect, along with the methods of restoring the correct spectra, has been studied and discussed. The use of GEANT4 simulations for resolving α-ICE summing in the DSSD and for constraining the internal conversion coefficients of the transitions involved in the decay of the nucleus of interest is presented with the example of 221Th.A significant part of the thesis work was dedicated to the R&D for a new digital electronics system for the GABRIELA spectrometer and to the comparative tests of several digital acquisition cards. The results of these tests, as well as the digital signal processing algorithms implemented for an unbiased off-line analysis are presented.
6

Stochastic Approach To Fusion Dynamics

Yilmaz, Bulent 01 June 2007 (has links) (PDF)
This doctoral study consists of two parts. In the first part, the quantum statistical effects on the formation process of the heavy ion fusion reactions have been investigated by using the c-number quantum Langevin equation approach. It has been shown that the quantum effects enhance the over-passing probability at low temperatures. In the second part, we have developed a simulation technique for the quantum noises which can be approximated by two-term exponential colored noise.
7

Différents aspects de la physique nucléaire depuis les basses énergies jusqu'aux énergies intermédiaires / Different aspects of nuclear physics from low energies up to intermediate energies

Lallouet, Yoann 19 December 2011 (has links)
Cette thèse porte sur l'étude de différents aspects de la physique nucléaire depuis les basses énergies jusqu'aux énergies intermédiaires. Pour les basses énergies, où la matière nucléaire est essentiellement constituée de nucléons en interaction, la partie I traite de la fusion-fission des noyaux super-lourds, et la partie II des règles de somme associées aux interactions de type Skyrme. Pour les énergies intermédiaires, la matière nucléaire étant alors considérée comme une phase hadronique principalement constituée de pions, la partie III se focalise sur l'hydrodynamique relativiste de la matière nucléaire avec brisure spontanée de symétrie chirale. Dans la partie I, on s'intéresse à la formation puis à la désexcitation des noyaux super-lourds. On étudie donc la formation du noyau composé avec effets de mémoire. Pour la désexcitation d'un noyau super-lourd, l'existence d'un puits isomérique dans la barrière de potentiel change la dynamique de désexcitation et augmente les temps de fission. Cette dernière étude pourrait être utile à l'étude de la dynamique de la fission des actinides. Dans la partie II, les règles de somme M1 et M3 associées aux potentiels phénoménologiques de type Skyrme sont calculées à partir de leurs définitions intrinsèques. On détermine alors M1 jusqu'au niveau tensoriel et M3 avec potentiel central. Dans la partie III, pour le traitement hydrodynamique de la matière hadronique appliqué aux collisions d'ions lourds on peut, en première approximation, écarter les modifications induites par la brisure spontanée de symétrie chirale mais pas celles dues à l'aspect dissipatif. / This study focuses on different aspects of nuclear physics from low energies to intermediate ones. For the low energies, the nuclear matter is essentially constituted from interacting nucleons. Part I is on the fusion-fission of super-heavy elements, while Part II is on the Skyrme interactions-associated sum rules. In the case of the intermediate energies, where the nuclear matter is considered as being an hadronic phase mainly constituted from pions, Part III is focused on nuclear matter relativistic hydrodynamics with spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking. In Part I, the formation and the desexcitation of super-heavy nuclei are being studied. We analyzed the formation of compound nuclei including the memory effects. For super-heavy nuclei desexcitation, the existence of isomeric state within the potential barrier modifies the desexcitation dynamics and increases the fission time. This latter study could be useful for the study of the actinides fission. In Part II, the phenomenological Skyrme effective interactions- associated M1 and M3 sum rules are being calculated based on their intrinsic definitions. We identify then M1 up to the tensorial level and M3 with central potential. In Part III, as for the hadronic matter hydrodynamics being applied to heavy ions collisions, and as a first approach only, we can neglect spontaneous chiral symmetry but certainly not the dissipative impact.

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