Nuotekų dumble esančių sunkiųjų metalų neigiamą poveikį aplinkai bei žmogaus sveikatai galima sumažinti apribojant metalų judrumą aplinkoje. Magistro darbe tiriamas sunkiųjų metalų judrumas ir jų immobilizacija fosfogipsu nuotekų dumble bei jo mišiniuose su dirvožemiu. Šiuo tyrimu siekiama išplėsti Lietuvoje dideliais kiekiais susidarančių ir sunkiai pritaikymą randančių atliekų – vandenvalos nuotekų dumblo ir trąšų gamybos metu susidarančio atliekinio fosfogipso utilizavimo galimybes, panaudojant jas žemės ūkyje kaip dirvožemio kokybę gerinančius priedus. Darbo objektas – anaerobiškai apdorotas vandenvalos nuotekų dumblas ir fosfatinių trąšų gamybos metu susidarančios mineralinės atliekos – fosfogipsas. Darbo tikslas – ištirti ir įvertinti atliekiniame fosfogipse esančių fosfatinių priemaišų poveikį sunkiųjų metalų bei augalų maisto elementų judrumui nuotekų dumble ir jo mišiniuose su dirvožemiu bei šarminėmis medžiagomis, taip pat pasiūlyti sunkiųjų metalų stabilizavimo dirvožemyje priemones. Darbo metodai. Tyrimams paruoštas nuotekų dumblo mišinys su molingu natūraliu dirvožemiu (masės santykis 1:1) bei cemento dulkėmis (8:2). Sunkiųjų metalų bei augalų maisto elementų judrumas vertintas ekstrahuojant mišinius, turinčius 5, 10, 20 ir 40% fosfogipso, 0,01M CaCl2 tirpalu. Mišinių pH ir elektrinis laidumas, tirpus Ca2+, K+, ir NO3 kiekis išmatuotas jonometrinu metodu. Tirpus fosforo (PO43-) kiekis nustatytas kolorimetriškai. Sunkiųjų metalų koncentracija tirpale matuota... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Negative impact of heavy metals originating from sewage sludge on the environment and human health can be minimised by limiting their mobility in soil. In this study heavy metal immobilisation using pshosphogypsum in sewage sludge and its mixtures with soil have been investigated. This research seeks to broaden utilisation posibilities of two types of waste products – wastewater sewage sludge and by-product of phosphate fertiliser production– phosphogypsum, using them in agriculture as soil amendments. The object of the study – waste of organic origin - anaerobically processed wastewater sewage sludge and mineral by-product of phosphate fertiliser production – waste phosphogypsum. The aim of the study – to investigate and evaluate impact of waste phosphogypsum on the mobility of heavy metals and plant nutrients in sewage sludge and its mixtures with soil and alkaline materials as well as to suggest effective measures for heavy metal stabilisation in soil environment. The methods: for the assessment of metal and nutrient mobility sewage sludge mixtures with soil (mass ratio 1:1) and cement kiln dust (8:2) have been prepared. Heavy metal and macroelement bioavailability has been evaluated by carrying out extraction of different mixtures with 5, 10, 20 and 40% phosphogypsum additive using 0.01M CaCl2 solution. Electric conductivity, pH and water soluble Ca2+, K+ and NO3 concentration has been measured in extracts using ionometric method. Water soluble phosphorus have been... [to full text]

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-20T12:31:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Edson Valente.pdf: 791720 bytes, checksum: 2b118211a5c89a68aa642ece2e2d7af3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-28 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / Heavy metals accumulate up frequently in the top layer of soil on the roots accessible principles of the plants. In advanced stages of infection may reach decimate the biota or even present concentrations thousands of times higher than in the aquatic system. This is due to changes in its chemical forms allowing the build up in living organisms. This study evaluated is the behavior of the species Senna multijuga, Caesalpinia echinata and Shizolobium amazonicum in soils contaminated by heavy metals from landfill (ASC) and Manaus Industrial Pole (PIM). The study was conducted in a greenhouse for five months. In soil, were analyzed the chemical and physical attributes and concentration of heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrometry, (FAAS) in the air-acetylene flame in fractions exchangeable, carbonate, iron/manganese oxide and organic matter. The plant, the parties were separated and air root, dried at 65 °C, digested with HNO3 and HClO4 (4:1) at 200 °C for two hours and the concentrations of heavy metals determined by FAAS. The results showed that the metals have different distributions in contaminated soil, being influenced by factors such as pH, CEC, amount of organic matter, complexation, competition ion and chemical interactions that contributed to their mobility and/or adsorption. The hierarchical analysis (HCA) and major components (PCA) revealed a similarity between the soils and with strong relationships between Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, in the soil of the ASC and Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in the soil the PIM. The hierarchical analysis (HCA) and major components (PCA) revealed a similarity between the soils and with strong relationships between Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, in the soil of the ASC and Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in the soil the PIM. The species multijuga Senna was the best that it was developed in contaminated soil. The Caesalpinia echinata has potential accumulator to the elements Mn and Zn. The three species can be classified as fitoextratora and hiperacumuladora for Co, Cd, Cu, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cr, Zn and Pb, regardless of the soil analyzed. / Os metais pesados se acumulam freqüentemente na camada superior do solo, ficando acessíveis as raízes das plantas. Em estágios avançado de contaminação podem chegar dizimar a biota ou, mesmo apresentar concentrações milhares de vezes maiores do que no sistema aquático. Isso ocorre devido às mudanças nas suas formas química possibilitando o acúmulo em organismos vivos. Neste trabalho avaliaram-se o comportamento das espécies Senna multijuga, Caesalpinia echinata e Shizolobium amazonicum em solos contaminados por metais pesados do aterro sanitário de Manaus (ASC) e Pólo Industrial de. Manaus (PIM). O estudo foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação durante cinco meses. No solo, foram analisados os atributos químicos e físicos e concentração dos metais pesados por espectrometria de absorção atômica (FAAS) em chama aracetileno nas frações trocável, carbonácea, oxídica e matéria orgânica. Nas planta, foram separadas as partes aéreas e radiculares, secas a 65 oC, digeridas com HNO3 e HClO4 (4:1) a 200 oC por duas horas e as concentrações de metais pesados determinadas por FAAS. Os metais possuem distribuições diferentes nos solos contaminados, sendo influenciados por fatores como pH, capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC), quantidade de matéria orgânica, complexação, competição iônica e interações químicas que contribuíram para sua mobilidade e/ou adsorção. As análises hierárquica (HCA) e componentes principais (PCA) revelaram uma similaridade entre os solos estudados e com relações fortes entre Cd, Co, Cr e Mn, no solo do ASC e Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb e Zn no solo do PIM. A espécie Senna multijuga foi a que melhor se desenvolveu nos solos contaminados. A Caesalpinia echinata possui potencial acumulador para os elementos Mn e Zn. As três espécies podem ser classificadas como fitoextratora e hiperacumuladora para Co, Cd, Cu, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cr, Zn e Pb, independentemente dos solos analisados.