This thesis analyzes variations in office rents in Ankara. The theoretical background of this study is related to the hedonic methodology, which is extensively applied for explaining price or rental price variations of the real property. Given this theoretical framework, hedonic regression model is utilized for the estimation of hedonic price indices by using the cross sectional data of the office market in Ankara for the year 2002. Hedonic price function is specified in the log linear functional form and is estimated with the Ordinary Least Squares technique for two models. The models include the same variables / however, Model 1 differs from Model 2 in including the location variables. The estimation results obtained from the models suggest that height and construction quality of the building act as proxies for the locational characteristics. Also, it is found from Model 1 that locational characteristics have the greatest effect on the rental prices of the office units. In order to verify this fact, Model 1 is tested against Model 2 and vice versa based on alternative tests for non-nested models. The results of non-nested tests indicate that Model 1 is preferred to Model 2. This result is important in the sense that locational characteristics are found to be significant in explaining the rental price variations. Besides location variables, the other variables related to physical attributes and lease characteristics of the office property are also evaluated from the estimation results of Model 1. From the empirical results, it is finally concluded that locational characteristics explain the spatial rent variations of the office property in Ankara to a large extent.

Housing price studies is the first step of housing market analysis. Prices are determined at the intersection point of supply and demand curves, which determine equilibrium point that represents equilibrium price and quantity level. At a point in time demand factors are more important in determining the prices because short-run supply curve is almost vertical. However, in the long run supply of housing, and its certain attributes, will increase if price premium arises in the previous periods. In most of the studies, house prices are analyzed by using hedonic price index technique, which enables us to have information about the demand side of housing sector. In the hedonic price framework, heterogeneous goods are considered as aggregations of characteristics, and implicit marginal prices for these characteristics are calculated. When &lsquo / Hedonic Price Analysis&rsquo / is applied to the housing sector, it shows us the price of each housing attribute and gives information about the preferences and willingness to pay of the people for each attribute. Therefore, at the end of such an analysis it is possible to see which attributes are valued most by house buyers in the city. The aim of this thesis is to reveal the implicit prices of housing attributes in the housing market of Ankara, for the year 2006, with the purpose of gaining more information about the demand side of the housing sector. For this purpose, hedonic pricing method is used with the data that are extracted from appraisal reports which include information about main attributes and estimated price of each dwelling unit.

The diploma thesis "Critical analysis of the housing stock and prediction of its devel-opment" provides comprehensive information of the residential market development in the context of demographic, political and economic factors. This thesis explores the possibility of involvement of methodological ways to improve market transparency in the housing and its development and research. Analysis of residential market contained in the first few chapters is based on predicting the market in terms of optimistic, pessimistic and realistic market devel-opment assuming the interaction of certain macroeconomic and microeconomic conditions according to the scenario.

This thesis aims to explore the time variation of liquidity and transaction prices in the Swedishcommercial real estate market. The purpose is to contribute with insights about price dynamics and liquidity on the Swedish commercial real estate transaction market. A price index was therefore estimated based on the output of a hedonic regression model. The model controls for different locations, segments and years and further includes variables controlling for size, portfolio transactions and investor nationality. The regression model is based on transaction data provided by Cushman & Wakefield which consists of 10 194 observations over a 20-year period between the years 2003-2023. Further the relationship between transaction prices and liquidity was investigated. The liquidity measure used is turnover rate which was calculated for each year based on data from Statistics Sweden (SCB). Granger causality tests were conducted for different geographic aggregation levels to explore if liquidity can predict transaction prices and vice versa. The results show that market liquidity in terms of turnover rate in city and regional locations can be used to forecast the development of transaction prices and therefore“leads” the price development. The test results, in combination with a correlation analysis that showed strong correlation between prices and previous year’s turnover rates, suggests evidence of a sequential relationship between the variables. For the nation as a whole and for the rural location, the results of the causality tests were insignificant and the hypothesis that there does not exist a Granger causality between price and turnover could not be rejected. It was also concluded that since liquidity leads prices, information about turnover rates can be used to help forecast property cycles in the short term. / Detta examensarbete syftar till att undersöka sambandet mellan likviditet och transaktionspriser på den svenska kommersiella fastighetsmarknaden. Syftet är att bidra med insikter om prisdynamik och likviditet på den svenska kommersiella fastighetstransaktionsmarknaden. Ett prisindex estimerades baserat på en hedonisk regressionsmodell. Modellen estimerar transaktionspriser för olika geografiska delmarknader, segment och år och inkluderar vidare variabler som kontrollerar för storlek, portföljtransaktioner och investerarnationalitet. Regressionsmodellen är baserad på transaktionsdata från Cushman & Wakefield som består av 10 194 observationer under en 20-årsperiod mellan åren 2003 och 2023. Vidare undersöktes sambandet mellan transaktionspriser och likviditet. Likviditetsmåttet som används är omsättningsandel som beräknats för respektive år baserat på data från SCB. Test av Grangerkausalitet genomfördes för olika geografiska delmarknader för att undersöka om likviditet kanprediktera transaktionspriser och vice versa. Resultaten visar att marknadslikviditet i form avomsättningsandel i storstäder och regioner kan användas för att prognostisera utvecklingen avtransaktionspriser och därmed "leder" prisutvecklingen. Testresultaten, i kombination med enkorrelationsanalys som visade på en stark korrelation mellan priser och föregående årsomsättningsandelar, tyder på att det finns ett sekventiellt samband mellan variablerna. För landet som helhet och för landsbygden gav kausalitetstesterna inget signifikant resultat och hypotesen att inget kausalitetssamband existerar mellan likviditet och priser kunde därmed inte förkastas. En annan slutsats som drogs var att eftersom likviditet leder priserna kan information om omsättningsförändring användas för att prognostisera fastighetscykler på kort sikt.

This dissertation consists of four self-contained studies concentrating on the productivity development following major technological breakthroughs. All four studies are concerned with measurement issues of productivity. Three of the papers use a comparative historical perspective and primarily focus on some of the differences and similarities in productivity growth following each technological breakthrough. A fourth paper solely focuses on the ICT revolution and the problems associated with measuring productivity in the Swedish Radio, television and communication equipment (RTC) industry. Paper 1, Technological Breakthroughs and Productivity Growth (with Magnus Henrekson), examines productivity growth following three major technological breakthroughs: the steam power revolution, electrification and the ICT revolution. The distinction between sectors producing and sectors using the new technology is emphasized. A major finding for all breakthroughs is that there is a long lag from the time of the original invention until a substantial increase in the rate of productivity growth can be observed. There is also strong evidence of rapid price decreases for steam engines, electricity, electric motors and ICT products. However, there is no persuasive direct evidence that the steam engine producing industry and electric machinery had particularly high productivity growth rates. For the ICT revolution, the highest productivity growth rates are found in ICT-producing industries. It is argued that one explanation might be that hedonic price indexes are not used for the steam engine and the electric motor. Still, it is likely that the rate of technological development has been much more rapid during the ICT revolution as compared to any of the previous breakthroughs. In paper 2, Do Hedonic Price Indexes Change History? The Case of Electrification, I investigate whether hedonic price indexing would also have large effects on measured price and productivity during electrification. The hedonic methodology is used on historical data for electric motors in Sweden in 1900–35. The results show that PPI-deflated prices for electric motors decreased by 4.8 percent per year based on hedonic price indexes. This indicates that prices decreased considerably more for electric motors compared to total manufacturing. Annual labor productivity growth in Swedish electric machinery in 1919–29 becomes 12.1 percent if the hedonic deflators are used. Thus, there is strong evidence that productivity growth in the electric motor producing industry was very high during the 1920s. In contrast to Sweden, US annual labor productivity growth was only, according to current best estimates, 4.1 percent in electric machinery compared to 5.3 percent in manufacturing in 1919–29. However, hedonic price indexes were not used to calculate US productivity. Finally, it is shown that the price decreases for electric motors in the 1920s were not on par with the price decreases for ICT-equipment in the 1990s, even if hedonic indexing is used in both cases. Paper 3, Parallel Development? Productivity Growth Following Electrification and the ICT revolution, compares labor productivity growth and the contribution to labor productivity growth in Swedish manufacturing during electrification and the ICT revolution. The paper distinguishes between technology-producing, intensive and less intensive technology-using industries during these two technological breakthroughs. The results show that labor productivity growth and the overall contribution to labor productivity growth were considerably higher in technology-producing industries during the ICT revolution compared to electrification. For example, the relative contribution to labor productivity growth in manufacturing from the technology-producing industry was 3.4 percent in 1920–30 compared to 34.4 percent in 1993–2003. On the other hand, the relative contribution to aggregate labor productivity growth was considerably higher in intensive technology-using manufacturing industries during electrification. These findings have an important policy implication, namely that it is much more important how productivity is measured for ICT products in the 1990s than for electric motors in the 1920s. Paper 4, The Swedish ICT Miracle: Myth or Reality?, investigates productivity development in Sweden in the 1990s. The results show that much of the recorded Swedish surge in labor productivity was due to the spectacular growth of the Radio, television and communication equipment (RTC) industry. However, the productivity growth of the RTC industry is very sensitive to value added price deflators. Unlike Sweden, the US uses hedonic price indexes for semiconductors and microprocessors which are important intermediate inputs in the RTC industry. Estimates based on the US intermediate input price deflators for semiconductors and microprocessors suggest that the productivity growth of the Swedish RTC industry during the 1990s can be questioned. This implies that the productivity growth of total manufacturing has also been overestimated. The results for Sweden are also interesting for other countries such as Finland, Ireland and South Korea, where ICT-producing industries have contributed substantially to labor productivity growth / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2006 S. 1-21: introduction and summary, s. 23-194: 4 papers

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-10-03T18:05:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese - Álvaro Furtado - Doutorado em Economia - 2015 .pdf: 7465178 bytes, checksum: 392ded6aa77b9a39c8feaabe6e515406 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-03T18:05:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese - Álvaro Furtado - Doutorado em Economia - 2015 .pdf: 7465178 bytes, checksum: 392ded6aa77b9a39c8feaabe6e515406 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-19 / CAPES / Motivado pelo forte aumento dos preços dos imóveis das cidades brasileiras verificado durante os anos 2000 e a partir do caso específico da cidade do Recife, esta tese objetiva analisar a dinâmica de preço das residências na referida cidade entre 2000 e 2012. Tal proposta é levada a efeito a partir de duas investigações específicas. Primeira, o trabalho constrói um índice de preços para o valor das residências a partir não só de pareamento nas características de variáveis estruturais, como também, de forma inédita na literatura, nas variáveis de amenidades locais para o nível de cidade (no caso a Cidade do Recife). Essa construção é aplicada à subdivisão geográfica da cidade (as regiões políticas administrativas (RPAs)) algo, na verdade, inexistente. Segunda, no sentido de obter evidências a respeito dos determinantes da variação destes preços, o trabalho aplica uma decomposição, devido a Firpo et al. (2006, 2007, 2009 e 2011), que permite mensurar a contribuição de variáveis estruturais e de amenidades locais ao nível de quantil da distribuição dos preços, aplicação inédita no estudo do diferencial dos preços no mercado de imóveis. Para tal, são utilizados dados do ITBI e de shapefiles de amenidades do período de 2000 a 2012. Os resultados obtidos, quanto ao índice de preços, indicam que a dinâmica de preço dos imóveis varia de acordo com a RPA analisada, indicando que inferências sobre o mercado de imóveis com base em preços médios dos imóveis (ou medidas de tendência central) podem não refletir a realidade analisada. Já quanto à decomposição, constata-se que o efeito preço e o efeito dotação, resultantes da decomposição, tem dinâmicas diferentes na mesma variável apenas alterando-se o quantil. O comportamento aos extremos da distribuição (quantil 0,10 e 0,90) é fortemente influenciado pelas características dos imóveis, em especial as intrínsecas, já entre os quantis 0,20 e 0,80 o ambiente por si só é que é o protagonista do diferencial de preço e neste caso as características dos imóveis contribuem para que o diferencial de preço não seja ainda maior, com destaque para a variável área privada. Tais evidências revelam que o comportamento médio da cidade não pode ser generalizado ao nível de RPA e nem muito menos pode ser generalizado para todas as estratificações da distribuição de preço. / Motivated by the strong increase in property prices occurred in Brazilian cities during the 2000s and from the specific case of the city of Recife, this thesis aims to analyze the dynamics of house price in that city between 2000 and 2012. This proposal is carried out from two specific investigations. First, the work builds a price index for the value of dwellings from not only matching the characteristics of structural variables, but also in an unprecedented way in the literature, the variables of local amenities for the city level (in this case the Recife City). This construction is applied to the official geographical subdivision of the city, the RPAs (the Administrative Policy Areas) something actually non-existent. Second, to obtain evidence about the determinants of variation of prices, this work applies a decomposition due to Firpo et al. (2006, 2007, 2009 and 2011), it allows to measure the contribution of structural variables and local amenities over distribution of prices for the level of quantile, it's a unprecedented application in the differential study of prices in the real estate market. To this end, we use the ITBI data from 2000 through 2012 and the shapefiles of amenities. The results obtained as to the price index, show that the dynamic of price of properties varies according to the analyzed RPA, indicating that inferences about the real estate market based on average prices of dwellings (or central tendency statistics) may not reflect the analyzed reality. In respect the results of the decomposition, it is found that the coefficient and endowment effects have different dynamics in the same variable only by changing the quantile. The behavior at the extremes of the price distribution (quantile 0.10 and 0.90) is strongly influenced by the characteristics of the property, especially the intrinsic characteristics. For the quantiles from 0.20 through 0.80 the environment it's who is the protagonist of the price differences. In this case the real estate features contribute to the price differential do not be high, especially the private area variable. Such evidences show that the average behavior of the city may not be generalized to the level of RPA and much less may be generalized to all stratifications of the price distribution.