Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1984.

Thesis (M.D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1984. / Also available in print.

Law Man Yee. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-132). / Abstracts in English and Chinese; appendix in Chinese. / Precis --- p.vi / 摘要 --- p.viii / Captions for Tables --- p.x / Caption for Figure --- p.xii / Abbreviations --- p.xiii / Chapter Part 1 --- Literature Review --- p.0 / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Aims and Hypothesis --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Aims --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Hypothesis --- p.4 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Epidemiology of HBV Infection --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Global and Local Epidemiology --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Modes of Transmission --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Perinatal Tansmission --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Percutaneous Transmission --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Sexual Transmission --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Healthcare Setting and Transplantation --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Transfusion --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Other --- p.9 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Popularity of TCM --- p.10 / Chapter 3.1 --- Traditional Chinese Medicine Use --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- Regulation on TCM Practice --- p.12 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Philosophy of TCM on HBV Infection --- p.13 / Chapter 4.1 --- Basic Principles --- p.14 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Yin-Yang Theory --- p.14 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Five Elements Theory --- p.14 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Zang Fu Theory --- p.14 / Chapter 4.2 --- Pathogenesis --- p.16 / Chapter 4.3 --- Diagnosis --- p.17 / Chapter 4.4 --- Treatment --- p.20 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Western Medicine --- p.23 / Chapter 5.1 --- Natural History of HBV Infection --- p.24 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Replicative Phase: Immune Tolerance --- p.24 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Replicative Phase: Immune Clearance --- p.24 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Noreplicating (Low-Replication) Phase --- p.25 / Chapter 5.2 --- Diagnostic Tests for HBV Infection --- p.26 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Serologic Assays --- p.26 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Serum Enzymes --- p.26 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- HBV DNA Assays --- p.27 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Health-related Quality of Life --- p.29 / Chapter 6.1 --- Principle and Definition --- p.30 / Chapter 6.2 --- Assessment --- p.31 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Generic Instrument --- p.31 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Disease-Specific Instrument --- p.32 / Chapter Part 2 --- Studies & Results --- p.33 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Research Methodology --- p.34 / Chapter 7.1 --- Study 1: Hospital-Based Surveys on Chronic Hepatitis B Patients: TCM Use --- p.35 / Chapter 7.1.1 --- Patients --- p.35 / Chapter 7.1.2 --- Survey Instrument & Logistic --- p.35 / Chapter 7.1.4 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.36 / Chapter 7.1.4 --- Sample Size Justification --- p.36 / Chapter 7.2 --- Study 2: Hospital-Based Survey on Chronic Hepatitis B Patients: HRQoL & Psychiatric Involvement --- p.38 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Patients --- p.38 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Survey Instrument and Logistic --- p.38 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.39 / Chapter 7.3 --- Study 3: Population-Based Survey on Chinese Medicine Practitioners (CMPs): Practice Behavior & Knowledge Assessment --- p.41 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- Study Population --- p.41 / Chapter 7.3.2 --- Survey Instrument --- p.41 / Chapter 7.3.3 --- Statistical Analysis & Knowledge Assessment --- p.42 / Chapter 7.4 --- Study 4: TCM Consultation Agreement --- p.44 / Chapter 7.4.1 --- Patients --- p.44 / Chapter 7.4.2 --- Chinese Medicine Practitioners --- p.44 / Chapter 7.4.3 --- Questionnaire --- p.44 / Chapter 7.4.4 --- Study Design --- p.45 / Chapter 7.4.5 --- Sample Size Estimation --- p.45 / Chapter 7.4.6 --- Data Analysis --- p.45 / Chapter 7.5 --- "Study 5: TCM Interpretation of Laboratory, Imaging & HRQoL Assessment" --- p.47 / Chapter 7.5.1 --- Patients --- p.47 / Chapter 7.5.2 --- HRQoL Assessment --- p.47 / Chapter 7.5.3 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.47 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- TCM Use on Chronic Hepatitis B Patients --- p.48 / Chapter 8.1 --- Patient Characteristics --- p.49 / Chapter 8.2 --- Health-Seeking Behavior of TCM Users --- p.51 / Chapter 8.3 --- Determinants of TCM Use --- p.53 / Chapter 8.4 --- Common Herbal Ingredients Used --- p.56 / Chapter Chapter 9 --- Impacts of HBV Infection on Patients --- p.58 / Chapter 9.1 --- Patient Socio-Demographic and Clinical Characteristics --- p.59 / Chapter 9.2 --- Patient Symptoms and Anxiety /Depression --- p.61 / Chapter 9.3 --- HRQoL & its Determinants --- p.63 / Chapter 9.3.1 --- Physical Aspect of HRQoL --- p.63 / Chapter 9.3.2 --- Mental Aspect of HRQoL --- p.67 / Chapter Chapter 10 --- Chinese Medicine Practitioners' (CMP) Practice --- p.71 / Chapter 10.1 --- CMPs Demographics and Training --- p.72 / Chapter 10.2 --- Practice Behavior --- p.75 / Chapter 10.3 --- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach --- p.76 / Chapter 10.4 --- Professional Knowledge Assessment --- p.79 / Chapter 10.5 --- Determinants of Diagnostic Approach --- p.82 / Chapter Chapter 11 --- Agreement of TCM Diagnosis among Different CMPs --- p.85 / Chapter 11.1 --- Patients Characteristics & Disease Severity --- p.86 / Chapter 11.2 --- Agreement of TCM Diagnosis & Treatment --- p.88 / Chapter Chapter 12 --- Interpretation of TCM diagnosis --- p.93 / Chapter 12.1 --- Patients --- p.94 / Chapter 12.2 --- Clinical Characteristics --- p.96 / Chapter 12.3 --- HRQoL Assessment --- p.98 / Chapter Part 3 --- Discussion & Conclusions --- p.100 / Chapter Chapter 13 --- Discussion --- p.101 / Chapter 13.1 --- TCM Popularity and its Practice --- p.102 / Chapter 13.2 --- Impact of TCM Symptomatology & Anxiety /Depression on HRQoL --- p.107 / Chapter 13.3 --- TCM Diagnosis Consistency --- p.111 / Chapter 13.4 --- Association of TCM Diagnosis with Western Medicine --- p.114 / Chapter 13.5 --- Limitations of the Study --- p.117 / Chapter Chapter 14 --- Conclusions --- p.120 / Reference --- p.122 / List of Publications of My Work Used in This Thesis --- p.133 / Acknowledgement --- p.136 / Appendix --- p.138

Introdução: A evolução dos marcadores sorológicos da hepatite B em pacientes com hepatite B crônica coinfectados com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) tem sido pouco documentada. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a evolução dos marcadores sorológicos AgHBe e AgHBs, com ênfase na avaliação da frequência de perda definitiva ou transitória desses marcadores, neste grupo de pacientes. Buscamos, também, comparar as variáveis clínicas e demográficas desses pacientes segundo a evolução desses marcadores sorológicos. Pacientes e métodos: A população de estudo foi composta por pacientes atendidos em um ambulatório de referência para atendimento a pacientes infectados pelo HIV em São Paulo, Brasil. Todos os pacientes selecionados eram portadores de HIV e de hepatite B crônica. Foram incluídos nesse estudo pacientes AgHBs positivos, com confirmação da presença desse marcador em, no mínimo, duas sorologias consecutivas, com intervalo mínimo de seis meses entre elas. Variáveis clínicas foram coletadas: idade, sexo, fator de exposição ao HIV/VHB, contagem de células T CD4+, carga viral do HIV, níveis de alaninoaminotransferase (ALT), uso de terapia antirretroviral, incluindo lamivudina, tenofovir ou outras drogas com ação anti-VHB. Resultados: Entre 2.242 pacientes HIV positivos encontrados, foram identificados 105 (4,68%) pacientes com hepatite B crônica. O tempo de seguimento variou de 06 meses a 20,5 anos e o número de coletas variou de 2 a 18 por paciente no período. A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino (97%) e 43,9% (46/105) tinha história de uma ou mais infecções oportunistas. Todos os pacientes tiveram terapia antirretroviral iniciada durante o seguimento. Entre os pacientes com hepatite B crônica, 58% (61/105) eram AgHBe positivos na primeira avaliação. Entre eles, 15% (16/105) apresentaram clareamento de AgHBs e 50% (8/16) dos que clarearam AgHBs apresentaram posterior reativação desse marcador durante a evolução clínica. Dentre os pacientes AgHBe positivos na primeira sorologia, 57% (35/61) apresentaram clareamento desse marcador, sendo que 28,5% (10/35) dos que clarearam AgHBe voltaram a apresentar este marcador durante a evolução clínica. Conclusão: Observamos uma significativa taxa de clareamento e posterior reativação dos marcadores AgHBs e AgHBe no grupo de pacientes avaliados. Estes resultados sugerem que o monitoramento frequente desses marcadores sorológicos deveria ser recomendado / Introduction: Evolution of hepatitis B serological markers among HIV co-infected patients has rarely been documented. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the evolution of HBsAg and HBeAg serological markers, with emphasis on the frequency of transient or permanent loss of these markers, among this group of patients. It was also our objective to compare patients\' demographic and clinical variables according to the evolution of these serological markers. Patients and methods: The enrolled patients were selected from those registered at a HIV-Outpatient Clinic in Sao Paulo, Brazil. All included patients were diagnosed with HIV infection and chronic hepatitis B. HBsAg patients who underwent at least two repeated HBV serological testing during clinical follow up , with tests taken at least six months apart, were included in the analysis. Clinical information was collected: age, sex, patient history regarding HIV/HBV transmission, CD4 T+ cell count, HIV viral load, alanine amino transferase (ALT) level, and use of antiretroviral drugs including lamivudine, tenofovir or other anti-HBV drugs. Results: Among 2,242 HIV-positive patients 105 (4.68%) patients were identified with chronic hepatitis B. Follow-up time for these patients varied from 06 months to 20.5 years and the number of serological testing for each patient varied from 2 to 18 along this period. Most patients were male (97%) and 43.9% (46/105) had a history of one or more opportunistic infections. All patients had initiated antiretroviral medication during follow-up. Among patients with chronic hepatitis B, 58% (61/105) were HBeAg reagent at the first assessment. Also, fifteen percent of them (16/105) underwent HBsAg clearance and 50% (8/16) of those who initially lost HBsAg underwent HBsAg reactivation during clinical follow up. Among HBeAg positive patients in the first serology, 57% (35/61) lost this marker during clinical follow up, whereas 28.5% (10/35) of those who initially cleared this serological marker underwent HBeAg reactivation. Conclusion: A significant rate of changes of HBsAg and HBeAg was observed, during clinical follow up among this group of patients. These results suggest that periodic monitoring of HBV serological markers should be recommended

Cheng Sze-Lok Alfred. / "March 2002." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 175-211). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Introdução: A evolução dos marcadores sorológicos da hepatite B em pacientes com hepatite B crônica coinfectados com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) tem sido pouco documentada. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a evolução dos marcadores sorológicos AgHBe e AgHBs, com ênfase na avaliação da frequência de perda definitiva ou transitória desses marcadores, neste grupo de pacientes. Buscamos, também, comparar as variáveis clínicas e demográficas desses pacientes segundo a evolução desses marcadores sorológicos. Pacientes e métodos: A população de estudo foi composta por pacientes atendidos em um ambulatório de referência para atendimento a pacientes infectados pelo HIV em São Paulo, Brasil. Todos os pacientes selecionados eram portadores de HIV e de hepatite B crônica. Foram incluídos nesse estudo pacientes AgHBs positivos, com confirmação da presença desse marcador em, no mínimo, duas sorologias consecutivas, com intervalo mínimo de seis meses entre elas. Variáveis clínicas foram coletadas: idade, sexo, fator de exposição ao HIV/VHB, contagem de células T CD4+, carga viral do HIV, níveis de alaninoaminotransferase (ALT), uso de terapia antirretroviral, incluindo lamivudina, tenofovir ou outras drogas com ação anti-VHB. Resultados: Entre 2.242 pacientes HIV positivos encontrados, foram identificados 105 (4,68%) pacientes com hepatite B crônica. O tempo de seguimento variou de 06 meses a 20,5 anos e o número de coletas variou de 2 a 18 por paciente no período. A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino (97%) e 43,9% (46/105) tinha história de uma ou mais infecções oportunistas. Todos os pacientes tiveram terapia antirretroviral iniciada durante o seguimento. Entre os pacientes com hepatite B crônica, 58% (61/105) eram AgHBe positivos na primeira avaliação. Entre eles, 15% (16/105) apresentaram clareamento de AgHBs e 50% (8/16) dos que clarearam AgHBs apresentaram posterior reativação desse marcador durante a evolução clínica. Dentre os pacientes AgHBe positivos na primeira sorologia, 57% (35/61) apresentaram clareamento desse marcador, sendo que 28,5% (10/35) dos que clarearam AgHBe voltaram a apresentar este marcador durante a evolução clínica. Conclusão: Observamos uma significativa taxa de clareamento e posterior reativação dos marcadores AgHBs e AgHBe no grupo de pacientes avaliados. Estes resultados sugerem que o monitoramento frequente desses marcadores sorológicos deveria ser recomendado / Introduction: Evolution of hepatitis B serological markers among HIV co-infected patients has rarely been documented. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the evolution of HBsAg and HBeAg serological markers, with emphasis on the frequency of transient or permanent loss of these markers, among this group of patients. It was also our objective to compare patients\' demographic and clinical variables according to the evolution of these serological markers. Patients and methods: The enrolled patients were selected from those registered at a HIV-Outpatient Clinic in Sao Paulo, Brazil. All included patients were diagnosed with HIV infection and chronic hepatitis B. HBsAg patients who underwent at least two repeated HBV serological testing during clinical follow up , with tests taken at least six months apart, were included in the analysis. Clinical information was collected: age, sex, patient history regarding HIV/HBV transmission, CD4 T+ cell count, HIV viral load, alanine amino transferase (ALT) level, and use of antiretroviral drugs including lamivudine, tenofovir or other anti-HBV drugs. Results: Among 2,242 HIV-positive patients 105 (4.68%) patients were identified with chronic hepatitis B. Follow-up time for these patients varied from 06 months to 20.5 years and the number of serological testing for each patient varied from 2 to 18 along this period. Most patients were male (97%) and 43.9% (46/105) had a history of one or more opportunistic infections. All patients had initiated antiretroviral medication during follow-up. Among patients with chronic hepatitis B, 58% (61/105) were HBeAg reagent at the first assessment. Also, fifteen percent of them (16/105) underwent HBsAg clearance and 50% (8/16) of those who initially lost HBsAg underwent HBsAg reactivation during clinical follow up. Among HBeAg positive patients in the first serology, 57% (35/61) lost this marker during clinical follow up, whereas 28.5% (10/35) of those who initially cleared this serological marker underwent HBeAg reactivation. Conclusion: A significant rate of changes of HBsAg and HBeAg was observed, during clinical follow up among this group of patients. These results suggest that periodic monitoring of HBV serological markers should be recommended

Lam Siu Kuen. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-79). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgments --- p.ii / English Abstract --- p.iv / Chinese Abstract --- p.vi / Table of Contents --- p.vii / List of Tables --- p.x / List of Figures --- p.xii / List of Appendices --- p.xiv / Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- Research Background --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- The prevalence of HBV around the world --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3 --- The prevalence of HBV in Hong Kong --- p.16 / Chapter 2.4 --- Standard medical treatment --- p.17 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- Literature Review --- p.20 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- Data compilation --- p.31 / Chapter 4.1 --- Prince of Wales Hospital's Dataset --- p.31 / Chapter 4.2 --- Expert Opinion and other published data --- p.35 / Chapter 4.3 --- Definition of health states under study --- p.36 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- Empirical Findings I --- p.39 / Chapter 5.1 --- Estimation of disease costs from Department of Hepatology --- p.39 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Methodology and sample size --- p.39 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Summary of costs included in the analysis --- p.42 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Descriptive analysis --- p.43 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Calculation method --- p.44 / Chapter 5.1.5 --- Empirical results --- p.47 / Chapter 5.2 --- Estimation of direct medical cost from the Department of Oncology --- p.51 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Methodology and sample size --- p.51 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Summary of Costs included in the analysis --- p.52 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Descriptive analysis --- p.52 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Calculation method --- p.54 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Empirical results --- p.58 / Chapter 5.3 --- Kernel estimators --- p.61 / Chapter 5.4 --- Sensitivity to cost variations in medical procedures --- p.63 / Chapter Chapter 6. --- Empirical Findings II --- p.65 / Chapter 6.1 --- Estimation of indirect medical costs --- p.65 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Methodology --- p.65 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Calculation method --- p.67 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Empirical results --- p.68 / Chapter 6.2 --- Estimation of indirect cost (HCC-deceased) --- p.70 / Chapter 6.3 --- Premature death --- p.71 / Chapter 6.4 --- Limitation --- p.72 / Chapter Chapter 7. --- Conclusion --- p.75 / Bibliography --- p.77 / Tables --- p.80 / Figures --- p.120 / Appendices --- p.128

Zhu, Lin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-118). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Contents --- p.I / List of Abbreviations --- p.IV / List of Tables and Figures --- p.V / Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Viral Hepatitis --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Global Epidemiology of HBV --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Modes of Transmission --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4 --- Diagnostic Tests --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- HBeAg and Anti-HBe --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Serum Enzymes --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- HBV DNA Assays --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4.3.1 --- HBV DNA Assays --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4.3.2 --- Clinical Applications of DNA Assays --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Histology --- p.13 / Chapter 1.5 --- Natural Course of Chronic Hepatitis infection --- p.18 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Phases of chronic hepatitis B --- p.18 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B --- p.21 / Chapter 1.6 --- Molecular biology of HBV --- p.23 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Overview --- p.23 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Genomic structure and organization --- p.24 / Chapter 1.6.2.1 --- Surface ORF --- p.24 / Chapter 1.6.2.2 --- Precore/Core ORF --- p.25 / Chapter 1.6.2.3 --- Polymerase ORF --- p.25 / Chapter 1.6.2.4 --- X ORF --- p.26 / Chapter 1.7 --- Genetic Variation of HBV --- p.31 / Chapter 1.7.1 --- HBV genotypes --- p.31 / Chapter 1.7.2 --- Predominant genotypes and their subgroups in Asia --- p.33 / Chapter 1.7.3 --- HBV mutations --- p.36 / Chapter 1.7.3.1 --- Precore mutations --- p.37 / Chapter 1.7.3.2 --- Core promoter mutations --- p.38 / Chapter 1.7.3.3 --- Other Mutations associated with clinical outcome --- p.40 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- Methodology --- p.44 / Chapter 2.1 --- Aims and Hypothesis --- p.45 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Aims --- p.46 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Hypothesis --- p.47 / Chapter 2.2 --- Patient Recruitment --- p.48 / Chapter 2.3 --- Laboratory Assays --- p.49 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Preparation of serum HBV DNA --- p.49 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Quantification of serum HBV DNA --- p.51 / Chapter 2.4 --- Full-genome Amplification of HBV DNA --- p.53 / Chapter 2.5 --- Full-genome Sequencing of HBV DNA --- p.55 / Chapter 2.6 --- Assembly of HBV Full-genome Sequence --- p.58 / Chapter 2.7 --- Phylogenetic Analysis --- p.59 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Construction of phylogenetic tree --- p.59 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- Genotype and subgenotype determination --- p.60 / Chapter 2.8 --- HBV Mutations --- p.62 / Chapter 2.9 --- Info-gain program --- p.64 / Chapter 2.10 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.65 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Results --- p.67 / Chapter 3.1 --- Patient Information --- p.68 / Chapter 3.2 --- Phylogenetic Analysis --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3 --- HBV genotypes/subgenotypes --- p.76 / Chapter 3.4 --- “Hot-spo´tح HBV Mutants --- p.79 / Chapter 3.5 --- HBV Mutation Associated with Liver Fibrosis --- p.82 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Mutant selection --- p.82 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Clinical significance of novel mutants --- p.84 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- Discussion --- p.88 / Chapter 4.1 --- Full-genome Sequencing Strategy --- p.89 / Chapter 4.2 --- HBV genotypes/subgenotypes Distribution and Disease Activity --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- HBV genotypes/subgenotypes distribution --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Clinical significance of genotypes/subgenotypes --- p.91 / Chapter 4.3 --- HBV Hotspot Mutants and Disease Activity --- p.93 / Chapter 4.4 --- HBV Novel Mutants --- p.96 / Chapter 4.5 --- Limitation of the Study and Future Work --- p.97 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Limitation --- p.97 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Future Direction --- p.98 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- Conclusions --- p.99 / References --- p.102

Abstract not available. / by Wong Lai-hung, Grace. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-04, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 218-252). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.