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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Cintilografia de perfusão na avaliação da hemodinâmica hepática na esquistossomose hepatoesplênica

CARVALHO, Bernardo Times de 10 September 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-08-10T12:41:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertacao - Bernardo Times de Carvalho.pdf: 3951413 bytes, checksum: 51caa7d4b22024dd53b88e6a3caf3dcc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T12:41:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertacao - Bernardo Times de Carvalho.pdf: 3951413 bytes, checksum: 51caa7d4b22024dd53b88e6a3caf3dcc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-10 / A esquistossomose mansoni é uma doença infecto-parasitária endêmica em 78 países da África, Ásia, Américas Central e do Sul. A forma hepatoesplênica (EHE) constitui a fase evolutiva mais grave da doença, caracterizada pela hipertensão portal. Nela observam-se lesões obstrutivas da veia porta associadas à hipertrofia do território da artéria hepática. A cintilografia de perfusão hepática é um método radioisotópico utilizado na investigação da perfusão do fígado nas doenças hepáticas. Uma vez que a esquistossomose cursa com alterações da fisiologia da perfusão portal secundárias à redução da vascularização portal intra-hepática, pode-se sugerir que ocorram modificações perfusionais semelhantes à cirrose onde está documentado um aumento compensatório da perfusão através da artéria hepática. O presente objetivou verificar alterações da hemodinâmica hepática em esquistossomóticos com a forma hepatoesplênica através da cintilografia de perfusão hepática. Buscou, também, relacionar estas alterações com variáveis clínico-laboratoriais (antecedente de hemorragias, presença de varizes esofágicas e contagem plaquetária) e ultrassonográficas (calibre da veia porta e esplênica, diâmetro longitudinal do baço e padrão de fibrose hepática) encontradas na EHE, no intuito de ampliar o conhecimento sobre esta enfermidade multifatorial e bastante heterogênea, podendo acrescentar novas perspectivas na condução de pacientes com EHE. Dezenove pacientes esquistossomóticos foram submetidos à avaliação ultrassonográfica do grau de fibrose hepática, medida do baço, veia porta e esplênica, endoscopia digestiva e quantificação de plaquetas. Posteriormente foram submetidos à angiocintilografia com medida do índice de perfusão hepática (IPH). Foi observado que pacientes com esquistossomose hepatoesplênica apresentam significativo aumento do IPH comparado a indivíduos normais (p=0,0029) e que este aumento se correlaciona com o comprimento esplênico (p=0,038) e calibre das varizes esofágicas (p=0,0060). Conclui-se que a angiocintilografia foi capaz demonstrar que pacientes com EHE apresentavam aumento do IPH, caracterizando uma maior “arterialização” hepática, à semelhança do descrito previamente em cirróticos. Observou-se também correlação entre o IPH e o comprimento longitudinal do baço e com o calibre das varizes esofágicas, bem como, com o calibre da veia porta e com a contagem de plaquetas. No presente estudo, a medida do IPH não se correlacionou com o padrão da fibrose hepática, nem com o calibre da veia esplênica ou com o antecedente de hemorragia digestiva. A angiocintilografia representa um campo promissor na avaliação da esquistossomose hepatoesplênica. / Schistosomiasis is an infectious parasitic disease endemic in 78 countries of Africa, Asia, Central and South America. In Brazil, it is estimated that 25 million people are at risk of infection. The hepatosplenic form (HSS) is the most severe stage of the disease, characterized by portal hypertension. Portal vein obstructive lesions associated with hypertrophy of hepatic artery territory are observed. The liver perfusion scintigraphy is a radioisotope method used in the evaluations of hepatic perfusion changes of liver diseases. Once schistosomiasis courses with changes in the physiology of portal perfusion secondary to reduced intrahepatic portal vasculature, it may be suggested that likely in cirrhosis, where the compensatory increase in perfusion through the hepatic artery is documented, perfusion changes occur in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. This study is aimed on determine changes in liver hemodynamics of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis through hepatic perfusion scintigraphy. It also tried to correlate these changes with clinical and laboratory variables (history of bleeding, presence of esophageal varices and platelet count) and ultrasound findings (caliber of portal and splenic veins, the longitudinal splenic diameter and pattern of liver fibrosis) found in the EHE in order to increase knowledge of this very heterogeneous and multifactorial disease, and add new perspectives in the management of patients with EHE. Nineteen patients with schistosomiasis underwent ultrasound evaluation of the degree of liver fibrosis, splenic length, splenic and portal vein diameters, digestive endoscopy and quantification of platelets. Subsequently underwent perfusion scintigraphy with measurement of hepatic perfusion index (HPI). It was observed that patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis had significantly increase the HPI compared to normal individuals (p = 0.0029) and that this increase correlates with the splenic length (p = 0.038) and the esophageal varices diameters (p = 0.0060). We concluded that angioscintigraphy was able to show that patients with HSS had increased HPI, featuring greater liver "arterialization", likely previously described in cirrhotic patients. It was also noted the correlation between the HPI and the longitudinal splenic length, with the caliber of esophageal varices, with the caliber of the portal vein and with the blood platelet count. In this study, the measure of IPH was not correlated with the pattern of liver fibrosis or with the caliber of the splenic vein or with a history of gastrointestinal bleeding. Angioscintigraphy is a promising field in the evaluation of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis
2

Participação da via do Hedgehog na fibrose hepática da esquistossomose mansoni humana e murina experimental.

Pereira, Thiago de Almeida January 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2016-04-27T18:46:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago Almeida Pereira. Participação...pdf: 128345460 bytes, checksum: 463e735ff04d1040b79e06171b01301e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2016-04-27T18:46:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago Almeida Pereira. Participação...pdf: 128345460 bytes, checksum: 463e735ff04d1040b79e06171b01301e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:46:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago Almeida Pereira. Participação...pdf: 128345460 bytes, checksum: 463e735ff04d1040b79e06171b01301e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / INTRODUÇÃO/OBJETIVO: A esquistossomose mansonica é causa importante de fibrose hepática e hipertensão porta em regiões tropicais, e a patogênese da fibrose não está bem esclarecida. Como a via do hedgehog e um dos seus genes alvos, a osteopontina, estão envolvidos em fibroses hepáticas de outras etiologias o objetivo foi investigar a ativação destas vias na esquIsitossomose humana e murina experimental, no intuito de verificar o seu envolvimento no desenvolvimento da forma hepatoesplênica da esquistossomose mansonica (FHE). MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: 87 biópsias em cunha de fígados de pacientes com FHE submetidos a cirurgia e fragmentos de fígado de camundongos suiços infectados com Schistosoma mansoni foram submetidos a métodos imunohistoquímicos e de biologia molecular para avaliar a expressão de ligantes hedgehog (Ihh, Shh), receptor Patched, fatores de transcrição Gli 1 e 2 e osteopontina. Osteopontina sérica e ligante Shh do hedgehog foram avaliados em camundongos suíços infectados e os de osteopontina em camundongos CBA/J infectados e em pacientes com FHE e forma hepatointestinal da esquistossomose. In vitro foi avaliado o efeito de antígeno solúvel do ovo (SEA) em células de Kuppfer, células estreladas, macrófagos, colangiócitos e células endoteliais sinusoidais hepáticas. A relação com a via da IL-13 foi avaliada em camundongos geneticamente deficientes ou hiperexpressando a citocina. Foi avaliado in vitro se a IL-13 induz ligantes hedghog ou ativação da via em células de Kuppfer. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram: (a) aumento expressão de ligantes Ihh, de fatores de transcrição Gli2 e de osteopontina no fígado de camundongos suíços infectados com Schistosoma mansoni, aumento de shh e osteopontina no plasma de camundongos suíços e de osteopontina no plasma de camundongos CBA/J infectados com S. mansoni; (b) aumento na expressão de Ihh, Shh, Gli1 e 2, receptor Patched e de osteopontina no fígado de pacientes com esquistossomose e aumento da osteopontina sérica em pacientes com a FHE; (c) A expressão de ligantes hedgehog e de Gli2 foi observada em macrófagos, células estreladas, ductos biliares e células endoteliais, e a de osteoponina em ductos biliares, macrófagos e células estreladas/miofibroblastos; (d) correlação positiva entre ativação do hedgehog (Gli2 e osteopontina) e fibrose, no modelo murino experimental e nos pacientes; nestes a correlação também foi observada com o grau de fibrose classificada pelo ultrassom e com a hipertensão porta; (e) Inibição in vitro do hedgehog com ciclopamina e vismodegib ou por nocauteamento condicional de receptor Smoothened bloqueou a ativação alternativa de macrófagos e inibiu a angiogênese a partir de células endoteliais sinusoidais hepáticas; (f) que o bloqueio da via da IL-13 reduziu e a hiperexpressão aumentou a ativação da via do hedgehog e IL-13 diretamente induziu, in vitro, produção de ihh em células de Kupffer de camundongos e de humanos, demonstrando a inter-relação das duas vias. CONCLUSÃO: Pode-se concluir que a via do hedgehog tem participação importante na patogênese da fibrose hepática esquistossomótica, atuando através de estímulos à fibrogênese e à angiogênese e que a osteopontina é candidata a ser um biomarcador de intensidade da fibrose e da hipertensão porta na doença. / BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Schistosomiasis is a major cause of liver fibrosis and portal hypertension in tropical regions, and the pathogenesis of fibrosis is not well established. As hedgehog pathway and one of its target genes, osteopontin, are involved in liver fibrosis of other etiologies our aims were to investigate the activation of these pathways in human and experimental murine schistosomiasis, in an attempt to verify their involvement in the development of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni (HS). METHODS: 87 wedge liver biopsies of patients with HS submitted to surgery and liver fragments Swiss mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni were submitted to immunohistochemistry and molecular biology methods to evaluate the expression of hedgehog ligands (Ihh, Shh), patched receptor , Gli transcription factors and osteopontin. Serum osteopontin and Shh were evaluated in infected Swiss mice and osteopontin was evaluated in serum of infected CBA/J mice and plasma from patients with hepatointestinal and HS forms of schistosomiasis. The effect of soluble egg antigen (SEA) on Kuppfer cells, stellate cells, macrophages, cholangiocytes and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells was evaluated in vitro. Relationship with IL-13 pathway was evaluated in mice genetically deficient or with hyperexpression of this cytokine. Whether IL-13 induces production of ligands and/or activation of the hedgehog pathway in Kuppfer cells was evaluated in vitro. RESULTS: Results demonstrated: (a) increased expression of Ihh, transcription factor Gli2 and osteopontin in the livers of Swiss mice infected with S. mansoni, increased plasma levels of shh and osteopontin in infected Swiss mice and increased osteopontin in plasma of S. mansoni infected CBA/J mice; (b) increased expression of ihh, shh, Gli1 and 2, patched and osteopontin receptor in the liver of patients with schistosomiasis and increased serum osteopontin in patients with HS; (c) expression of hedgehog ligands and Gli2 was observed in macrophages, stellate cells, endothelial cells and bile duct and expression of osteopontin was detected in macrophages and stellate/myofibroblast cells; (d) positive correlation between activation of the hedgehog (Gli2 and osteopontin) and fibrosis in experimental murine model and in patients; these correlation was also observed with the degree of fibrosis classified by ultrasound and with portal hypertension; (e) in vitro inhibition of hedgehog pathway with cyclopamine or vismogedib or by conditional knockout of Smoothened co-receptor blocked the alternative activation of macrophage and inhibited angiogenesis in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells; (f) reduction of IL-13 pathway or IL-13 over-expression respectively reduced or increased the activation of the hedgehog pathway and IL-13 directly induced in vitro ihh production in Kupffer cells from mice and human, demonstrating a cross-talk between the two pathways. CONCLUSION: In conclusion the hedgehog pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis in schistosomiasis mansoni, acting through stimulation of angiogenesis and fibrogenesis and osteopontin is a putative candidate to be a biomarker of intensity of fibrosis and portal hypertension in the disease.
3

Contribution à l'analyse du déterminisme immunologique et génétique de la fibrose hépatique bilharzienne (schistosoma japonicum et mansoni)

Oyegue Liabagui, Sandrine Lydie 12 June 2012 (has links)
Les infections humaines par Schistosoma japonicum et Schistosoma mansoni provoquent des pathologies hépatospléniques conduisant à la fibrose hépatique sévère chez 5 à 30% des sujets infectés vivant en zone endémique. Plusieurs études ont montré que le développement de cette fibrose était régulé par des cytokines mais aussi par des chimiokines. Les chimiokines sont des cytokines chimioattractantes produites par une variété des cellules immunes et non immunes, et qui ont été impliqués dans la régulation de l'inflammation granulomateuse et la fibrose pulmonaire et hépatique chez la souris et chez l'homme. Nous avons donc étudié la modulation des chimiokines et récepteurs dans le foie et la rate des patients hépatospléniques exposés à l'infection par S.japonicum. Notre étude démontre que les transcrits de chimiokines de type CXC et CC ainsi que des récepteurs sont augmentés dans le foie des patients hépatospléniques, lesquels ne sont pas significativement augmentés dans la rate au cours de l'infection. Cette augmentation des transcrits de chimiokines n'est pas restreinte aux chimiokines inflammatoires, une augmentation des transcrits des chimiokines homéostatiques CCL19 et CCL21 est aussi observée dans le foie des patients hépatospléniques. Nous avons également observé une corrélation des niveaux d'expression des ligands CXCR3 entre eux, dans le foie des sujets hépatospléniques. Ces observations suggèrent que les chimiokines régulent l'inflammation hépatique induite par les œufs de schistosomes et jouent probablement un rôle dans la fibrose hépatique. / Human infections with Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mansoni causes hepatosplenic diseases leading to severe hepatic fibrosis in 5 to 30% of infected subjects living in endemic areas. Several studies demonstrated that the development of this fibrosis was regulated by cytokines but also by chemokines. Chemokines are the chemoattractant cytokines produced by a variety of immune and non-immune cells, and have been involved in the regulation of inflammation and granulomatous pulmonary and hepatic fibrosis in mice and humans. We therefore studied the modulation of chemokines and receptors in the liver and spleen of hepatosplenic patients exposed to infection with S.Japonicum. Our study demonstrates that the transcripts of CXC and CC chemokines and their receptors are increased in the liver of hepatosplenic patients, which were not significantly increased in the spleen during infection. This increase of transcripts of chemokines is not restricted to inflammatory chemokines, an increase of transcripts of homeostatic chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 is also observed in the liver of hepatosplenic patients. Moreover, the proportion of CD3+ lymphocytes but not CD14+ monocytes/macrophages is increased in the liver. We also observed a correlation of expression levels of CXCR3 ligands between them, in the liver of hepatosplenic subjects. These observations suggest that chemokines regulate hepatic inflammation induced by schistosoma eggs and probably play a role in liver fibrosis ensuing.

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