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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Towards positional cloning of a deafness causing mutation in whirler (WI) mice

Paige, Adam John William January 1998 (has links)
No description available.
2

Estudo do Papel do Gene SLC26A4 na Surdez Neurossensorial Não-Sindrômica Pré-Lingual em uma Série de Casos no Sudeste Brasileiro / Study of the Role of SLC26A4 Gene in Non-Syndromic Sensorineural Prelingual Deafness in a Series of Cases in Southeastern Brazil

Carvalho, Simone da Costa e Silva 06 May 2015 (has links)
A audição representa a principal fonte para o aprendizado da fala e linguagem durante a infância e a surdez e a privação de estímulos auditivos pode implicar em dificuldades emocionais e sociais àqueles indivíduos afetados. Aproximadamente 360 milhões de pessoas sofrem de perda auditiva no mundo, o que corresponde a 5,3% da população mundial. A surdez pode se desenvolver em decorrência de causas genéticas (hereditárias), não-genéticas e ambientais. As infecções pré-natais e a exposição a ruídos constituem as causas ambientais mais comuns. Já a surdez hereditária, constitui o transtorno neurossensorial mais comum em humanos, com uma prevalência de 1:1000 nascidos vivos. Mais de 70% dos casos de surdez hereditária constituem casos não-sindrômicos, destes cerca de 70% cursam com surdez congênita ou pré-lingual. Na maioria dos casos, a perda auditiva hereditária é neurossensorial, heterogênea, com diferentes padrões de herança e com uma grande quantidade de genes envolvidos. Estudos têm demonstrado o importante papel dos genes GJB2, GJB6 e SLC26A4 na fisiologia do ouvido interno e alterações nestes genes têm sido relatadas como causa da surdez hereditária. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a base genética e o papel do gene SLC26A4 na perda auditiva neurossensorial (PANS) nãosindrômica pré-lingual em pacientes atendidos pelo serviço de Genética Médica do Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto. Para isso, uma série de 88 casos foi investigada quanto a características clínicas e moleculares. A amostra abrangeu indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idade de 2 a 63 anos, provenientes de 88 famílias diferentes, assistidos durante o período de 2003 a 2013. As amostras foram triadas pela técnica de High Resolution Melting (HRM) e em seguida levadas para o seqüenciamento para caracterização das alterações. Na série de casos estudada, 23,9% (21/88) dos pacientes portadores de surdez neurossensorial não-sindrômica pré-lingual evidenciaram alterações nos genes GJB2, GJB6 e SLC26A4 sugeridas como patogênicas. A prevalência de alterações no gene SLC26A4 foi de 28,4% (25/88), não relacionada à Síndrome do Aqueduto Vestibular Alargado (SAVA). Dentre as 11 alterações encontradas neste gene, três constituem mutações não descritas: p.Gly139Arg, p.Ile254Val, p.Asn382Lys. Os genótipos mais freqüentes neste estudo foram a c.35delG/c.35delG no gene GJB2 (5/88), a dupla heterozigose com o gene GJB6 c.35delG/del(GJB6-D13S1854) (3,4%) e chr7:g.107301238C>G/wt no gene SLC26A4 (10,2%). Entretanto, apenas 19,3% dos indivíduos apresentaram genótipos sugeridos como responsáveis pelo fenótipo estudado. Alterações particulares no gene SLC26A4 podem sugerir a explicação para a surdez genética para aproximadamente 9,1% destes casos. Destes, cinco casos de heterozigose preditas como patogênicas (p.Ile300Leu; p.Asn324Tyr e p.Asn382Lys), dois casos de heterozigose composta (chr7:g.107301201T>C/chr7:g.107301238C>G e chr7:g.107301238C>G/p.Gly139Arg) e um caso de dupla heterozigose com GJB2 (chr7:g.107301238C>G/c.35delG). Isto ressalta a importância do gene SLC26A4 para o diagnóstico molecular de surdez hereditária e reforça a sua potencial contribuição para o processo de aconselhamento genético. Entretanto, nossos dados sugerem a necessidade de testes funcionais a fim de elucidar o papel destas alterações para o estabelecimento do fenótipo, como também, a presença de outros genes ou regiões envolvidas naqueles casos em que mutações monoalélicas não foram suficientes para justificar o fenótipo. / The hearing is the main source for learning speech and language during childhood and deafness and deprivation of auditory stimuli can result in emotional and social difficulties to those affected individuals. Approximately 360 million people suffer from hearing loss worldwide which corresponds to 5.3% of the world population. Deafness may develop due to genetic (hereditary), non-genetic and environmental causes. Prenatal infections and exposure to noise are the most common environmental causes. Hereditary deafness is the most common sensorineural disorder in humans, with a prevalence of 1:1000 live births. More than 70% of hereditary deafness cases are nonsyndromic, about 70% of these occur with congenital or prelingual deafness. In most cases, inherited sensorineural hearing loss is heterogeneous, with different patterns of inheritance and with a large number of genes involved. Studies have shown the important role of genes GJB2, GJB6 and SLC26A4 in the physiology of the inner ear and changes in these genes have been reported as cause of hereditary hearing loss. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic basis and the role of SLC26A4 gene in non-syndromic prelingual sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in patients enrolled in the Medical Genetics Service of Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto. For this, a series of 88 cases were submitted to a clinical and molecular investigation. The sample consisted of individuals of both sexes, aged 2-63 years from 88 different families, assisted during the period 2003-2013. The samples were screened by the technique of High Resolution Melting (HRM) and then taken for sequencing to characterize the mutations. In the series of cases studied, 23.9% (21/88) of patients with non-syndromic prelingual sensorineural deafness showed variants in genes GJB2, GJB6 and SLC26A4 suggested as pathogenic. The prevalence of mutations in the SLC26A4 gene was 28.4% (25/88), not related to non-syndromic EVA. Among the 11 mutations found in this gene, three are reported as novel mutations: p.Gly139Arg, p.Ile254Val, p.Asn382Lys. The most frequent genotypes found in this study were the c.35delG/c.35delG in GJB2 gene (5/88), the double heterozygosity with GJB6 gene c.35delG/del(GJB6-D13S1854) (3,4%) and chr7:g.107301238C>G/wt in the SLC26A4 gene (10,2%). However, only 19.3% of subjects presented genotypes suggested as responsible for the studied phenotype. Particular mutations in the SLC26A4 gene may suggest the explanation for the genetic deafness to approximately 9.1% of these cases. Of these, five cases of heterozygosity predicted as pathogenic (p.Ile300Leu; p.Asn324Tyr and p.Asn382Lys), two cases of compound heterozygosity (chr7:g.107301201T>C/chr7:g.107301238C>G and chr7:g.107301238C>G/p.Gly139Arg) and one case of double heterozygosity with GJB2 gene (chr7:g.107301238C>G/c.35delG). Those data highlights the importance of the SLC26A4 gene for molecular diagnosis of hereditary hearing loss and give strength to its potential contribution to the genetic counseling process. However, our data suggest the need for functional tests in order to elucidate the role of these changes to the phenotype, as well as the presence of other genes or regions involved in those cases that monoallelic mutations were not sufficient to justify the phenotype.
3

Estudo do Papel do Gene SLC26A4 na Surdez Neurossensorial Não-Sindrômica Pré-Lingual em uma Série de Casos no Sudeste Brasileiro / Study of the Role of SLC26A4 Gene in Non-Syndromic Sensorineural Prelingual Deafness in a Series of Cases in Southeastern Brazil

Simone da Costa e Silva Carvalho 06 May 2015 (has links)
A audição representa a principal fonte para o aprendizado da fala e linguagem durante a infância e a surdez e a privação de estímulos auditivos pode implicar em dificuldades emocionais e sociais àqueles indivíduos afetados. Aproximadamente 360 milhões de pessoas sofrem de perda auditiva no mundo, o que corresponde a 5,3% da população mundial. A surdez pode se desenvolver em decorrência de causas genéticas (hereditárias), não-genéticas e ambientais. As infecções pré-natais e a exposição a ruídos constituem as causas ambientais mais comuns. Já a surdez hereditária, constitui o transtorno neurossensorial mais comum em humanos, com uma prevalência de 1:1000 nascidos vivos. Mais de 70% dos casos de surdez hereditária constituem casos não-sindrômicos, destes cerca de 70% cursam com surdez congênita ou pré-lingual. Na maioria dos casos, a perda auditiva hereditária é neurossensorial, heterogênea, com diferentes padrões de herança e com uma grande quantidade de genes envolvidos. Estudos têm demonstrado o importante papel dos genes GJB2, GJB6 e SLC26A4 na fisiologia do ouvido interno e alterações nestes genes têm sido relatadas como causa da surdez hereditária. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a base genética e o papel do gene SLC26A4 na perda auditiva neurossensorial (PANS) nãosindrômica pré-lingual em pacientes atendidos pelo serviço de Genética Médica do Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto. Para isso, uma série de 88 casos foi investigada quanto a características clínicas e moleculares. A amostra abrangeu indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idade de 2 a 63 anos, provenientes de 88 famílias diferentes, assistidos durante o período de 2003 a 2013. As amostras foram triadas pela técnica de High Resolution Melting (HRM) e em seguida levadas para o seqüenciamento para caracterização das alterações. Na série de casos estudada, 23,9% (21/88) dos pacientes portadores de surdez neurossensorial não-sindrômica pré-lingual evidenciaram alterações nos genes GJB2, GJB6 e SLC26A4 sugeridas como patogênicas. A prevalência de alterações no gene SLC26A4 foi de 28,4% (25/88), não relacionada à Síndrome do Aqueduto Vestibular Alargado (SAVA). Dentre as 11 alterações encontradas neste gene, três constituem mutações não descritas: p.Gly139Arg, p.Ile254Val, p.Asn382Lys. Os genótipos mais freqüentes neste estudo foram a c.35delG/c.35delG no gene GJB2 (5/88), a dupla heterozigose com o gene GJB6 c.35delG/del(GJB6-D13S1854) (3,4%) e chr7:g.107301238C>G/wt no gene SLC26A4 (10,2%). Entretanto, apenas 19,3% dos indivíduos apresentaram genótipos sugeridos como responsáveis pelo fenótipo estudado. Alterações particulares no gene SLC26A4 podem sugerir a explicação para a surdez genética para aproximadamente 9,1% destes casos. Destes, cinco casos de heterozigose preditas como patogênicas (p.Ile300Leu; p.Asn324Tyr e p.Asn382Lys), dois casos de heterozigose composta (chr7:g.107301201T>C/chr7:g.107301238C>G e chr7:g.107301238C>G/p.Gly139Arg) e um caso de dupla heterozigose com GJB2 (chr7:g.107301238C>G/c.35delG). Isto ressalta a importância do gene SLC26A4 para o diagnóstico molecular de surdez hereditária e reforça a sua potencial contribuição para o processo de aconselhamento genético. Entretanto, nossos dados sugerem a necessidade de testes funcionais a fim de elucidar o papel destas alterações para o estabelecimento do fenótipo, como também, a presença de outros genes ou regiões envolvidas naqueles casos em que mutações monoalélicas não foram suficientes para justificar o fenótipo. / The hearing is the main source for learning speech and language during childhood and deafness and deprivation of auditory stimuli can result in emotional and social difficulties to those affected individuals. Approximately 360 million people suffer from hearing loss worldwide which corresponds to 5.3% of the world population. Deafness may develop due to genetic (hereditary), non-genetic and environmental causes. Prenatal infections and exposure to noise are the most common environmental causes. Hereditary deafness is the most common sensorineural disorder in humans, with a prevalence of 1:1000 live births. More than 70% of hereditary deafness cases are nonsyndromic, about 70% of these occur with congenital or prelingual deafness. In most cases, inherited sensorineural hearing loss is heterogeneous, with different patterns of inheritance and with a large number of genes involved. Studies have shown the important role of genes GJB2, GJB6 and SLC26A4 in the physiology of the inner ear and changes in these genes have been reported as cause of hereditary hearing loss. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic basis and the role of SLC26A4 gene in non-syndromic prelingual sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in patients enrolled in the Medical Genetics Service of Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto. For this, a series of 88 cases were submitted to a clinical and molecular investigation. The sample consisted of individuals of both sexes, aged 2-63 years from 88 different families, assisted during the period 2003-2013. The samples were screened by the technique of High Resolution Melting (HRM) and then taken for sequencing to characterize the mutations. In the series of cases studied, 23.9% (21/88) of patients with non-syndromic prelingual sensorineural deafness showed variants in genes GJB2, GJB6 and SLC26A4 suggested as pathogenic. The prevalence of mutations in the SLC26A4 gene was 28.4% (25/88), not related to non-syndromic EVA. Among the 11 mutations found in this gene, three are reported as novel mutations: p.Gly139Arg, p.Ile254Val, p.Asn382Lys. The most frequent genotypes found in this study were the c.35delG/c.35delG in GJB2 gene (5/88), the double heterozygosity with GJB6 gene c.35delG/del(GJB6-D13S1854) (3,4%) and chr7:g.107301238C>G/wt in the SLC26A4 gene (10,2%). However, only 19.3% of subjects presented genotypes suggested as responsible for the studied phenotype. Particular mutations in the SLC26A4 gene may suggest the explanation for the genetic deafness to approximately 9.1% of these cases. Of these, five cases of heterozygosity predicted as pathogenic (p.Ile300Leu; p.Asn324Tyr and p.Asn382Lys), two cases of compound heterozygosity (chr7:g.107301201T>C/chr7:g.107301238C>G and chr7:g.107301238C>G/p.Gly139Arg) and one case of double heterozygosity with GJB2 gene (chr7:g.107301238C>G/c.35delG). Those data highlights the importance of the SLC26A4 gene for molecular diagnosis of hereditary hearing loss and give strength to its potential contribution to the genetic counseling process. However, our data suggest the need for functional tests in order to elucidate the role of these changes to the phenotype, as well as the presence of other genes or regions involved in those cases that monoallelic mutations were not sufficient to justify the phenotype.
4

Unraveling the genotypic and phenotypic complexities of genetic hearing loss

Booth, Kevin T. 01 December 2018 (has links)
Hereditary hearing loss is the most common sensory disorder, affecting 1 in 500 newborns. There are more than 538 million individuals with genetic hearing loss worldwide and this number is expected to grow to 1 billion over the next three decades. Currently, the only option for individuals with hearing loss is mechanical intervention such as hearing aids or cochlear implants. In the past decade, many studies have highlighted the need for personalized gene therapy or molecular intervention to treat genetic deafness. However, in order to fulfill this vision a comprehensive understanding of the intricate mutation-gene-phenotype nuances and relationships is required. Toward this goal, we unraveled novel mutation-gene-phenotype associations and mechanisms in four deafness-causing genes (CIB2, COL11A1, CEACAM16 and DFNA5), by using a combination of in-depth phenotyping, human genetics, cutting edge genomic technologies, murine mutant models, and functional assays. These novel insights revealed mutations in CIB2 do not cause Usher Syndrome, mutations in COL11A1 can cause either non-syndromic or syndromic hearing loss, CEACAM16-related deafness is due to two distinct mechanisms, loss of function and gain of function, and coding variants can influence mRNA assembly and cause DFNA5-related hearing loss. Elucidating these novel mutation-gene-phenotype relationships has improved our knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying hearing loss and provided much needed answers to individuals seeking a diagnosis for their deafness. Recognizing the complexities associated with genetic hearing loss and the challenges in interpreting the clinical significance of genetic variants, we established the first deafness-specific variant database, the Deafness Variation Database (DVD), which classifies over 876,000 variants across 152 deafness-associated genes. This breadth of data provided us with a unique opportunity to explore the molecular landscape of deafness. We show that over 96% of coding variants are rare and novel and that mutational signatures are unique to each gene and are driven by minor allele frequency thresholds, variant effect, and protein domain. The mutational landscape we define shows complex gene-specific variability, making an understanding of these nuances foundational for improved accuracy in variant interpretation. Overall the work presented in this thesis improves our understanding of deafness biology, identifies novel targets for therapeutics and enhances clinical decision-making.
5

Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in patients with sensorineural hearing impairment and in the Finnish population

Lehtonen, M. (Mervi) 08 November 2002 (has links)
Abstract Sensorineural hearing impairment (SNHI) is a well-recognized manifestation of mitochondrial diseases and occurs either in a non-syndromic form or as a part of a syndrome. Mitochondrial deafness is bilateral, usually progressive and is inherited maternally. Approximately 70% of patients with the most common syndromes, Kearns-Sayre, MELAS or MERRF, have SNHI. Several mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been found to cause non-syndromic SNHI, including 1555A>G, 7445T>C, 7472insC and 7511T>C. In order to estimate prevalences of pathogenic mtDNA mutations in population-based cohorts of patients with SNHI, we obtained samples from 133 patients with SNHI, reportedly representing 117 separate maternal lineages. We found five patients with the 3243A>G mutation and three with the 1555A>G mutation, whereas the other point mutations associated with SNHI were absent. The frequencies of the mutations in the cohort were thus 4.3 % for 3243A>G and 2.6 % for 1555A>G, suggesting a total frequency of 6.9 % for mtDNA mutations known to be associated with hearing impairment. We found a mutation 10044A>G, which has been reported as pathogenic, in our patients with SNHI, but we also found it among the controls. Our results show it to be a homoplasmic polymorphism associated with a fairly rare haplotype within mtDNA haplogroup H which has recently been confirmed as subcluster H4. These results highlight the difficulty in determining the pathogenicity of a mtDNA mutation when it is identified only in one family. Therefore, in addition to the previously published criteria, we suggest that a sufficient number of haplotype-specific controls should be screened before the pathogenic nature of a mtDNA mutation can be verified. We determined the complete mtDNA sequences for 121 Finns, and after complementing our recent data, for a total of 192 Finns, and were able to construct a phylogenetic network based on complete mtDNA sequences, the largest set of complete sequences available at that time. These mtDNAs provide a rich source of information for studies in population genetics and a potential tool for analysing new substitutions and genotypes that entail a risk of mitochondrial disease. We used the phylogenetic network to find new pathogenic mutations or risk genotypes for SNHI. The entire coding region sequences of mtDNA were determined in 32 patients with SNHI and compared with the network. The patients were found to harbour more rare polymorphisms and haplotypes than the controls and to show increased variation in their mtDNA sequences, suggesting mildly deleterious effects for these substitutions. Two of the new mutations were suggested as putatively pathogenic.
6

Análise de expressão de gene candidato à surdez em modelos animais / Expression analysis of deafness candidate gene in animal models

Silva, Rodrigo Salazar da 09 November 2017 (has links)
A perda auditiva hereditária é uma característica com grande heterogeneidade genética. Mais de uma centena de genes já foram relacionados com a audição e, com o advento do sequenciamento massivo em paralelo, novas variantes têm sido identificadas como candidatas a causar surdez hereditária. Porém, estudos funcionais para verificação do efeito das mutações candidatas são necessários. Modelos animais permitem estudos funcionais eficientes para confirmação do efeito de mutações em genes candidatos, sendo uma ferramenta poderosa para compreender melhor os efeitos genéticos, moleculares, fisiológicos e comportamentais destas alterações. Previamente, foi identificada em nosso laboratório uma mutação de sentido trocado em um gene que codifica um coativador nuclear como principal candidata a causar surdez hereditária em uma família de São Paulo. A função principal deste gene é regular positivamente a transcrição gênica mediada por receptores nucleares. Contudo, não há dados na literatura sobre a expressão e o papel deste gene no sistema auditivo. Desta forma, tivemos como objetivo principal investigar a expressão do gene candidato em sistemas mecanossensoriais de camundongo e zebrafish. Detectamos, por meio de RT-PCR, a expressão do RNAm na cóclea inteira e no órgão de Corti associado à estria vascular de camundongos com idades P4, P10 e P16. Posteriormente, experimentos de qRT-PCR mostraram maior expressão nos estágios P10 e P16, em relação ao estágio P4, com parcela significativa da expressão gênica concentrada no órgão de Corti associado à estria vascular. Com relação à proteína, foi detectada, por meio de ensaios de imunofluorescência, a sua expressão nos cortes histológicos de cóclea de camundongos P4, P10 e P14, em várias estruturas diferentes da cóclea: membrana basilar, membrana de Reissner, órgão de Corti, estria vascular, limbo espiral e gânglio espiral. Experimentos de hibridação in situ em zebrafish inteiro foram realizados e a expressão do RNAm foi observada na orelha interna de larvas com idade 3 e 5 dias pós-fertilização (dpf) e de juvenis com 5 e 7 semanas pós-fertilização (spf). Nossos experimentos forneceram dados inéditos que sugerem um papel conservado deste gene no desenvolvimento do sistema auditivo de camundongos e no desenvolvimento e fisiologia do sistema auditivo de zebrafish. Para investigarmos se a falta de expressão do gene afeta o sistema auditivo realizamos experimentos visando à edição gênica do gene candidato por meio do sistema CRISPR/Cas9 em zebrafish. Dada a dificuldade para a padronização da técnica, não obtivemos resultados conclusivos durante o período de estudo. Nosso trabalho mostrou pela primeira vez a expressão do RNAm e da proteína no sistema auditivo de modelos animais, o que é fundamental para reforçar o potencial papel da mutação na surdez hereditária identificada na família. Desta maneira, contribuímos para a delineação de futuros experimentos funcionais que elucidem o papel deste gene e da mutação correspondente no desenvolvimento e na fisiologia do sistema auditivo / Hereditary hearing loss is a characteristic with high genetic heterogeneity. More than one hundred genes have been related to hearing and, with the advent of massive parallel sequencing, new variants have been identified as candidates for causing hereditary deafness. However, functional studies to verify the effect of candidate mutations are necessary. Animal models provide efficient functional studies to confirm the effect of mutations and candidate genes, being a powerful tool to understanding the genetic, molecular, physiological and behavioural effects of these genetic variants. Previously, a missense mutation in a gene coding a nuclear receptor coactivator has been identified in our laboratory as the main candidate for causing hereditary hearing loss in a family from São Paulo. The main function of this gene is to positively regulate gene transcription mediated by nuclear receptors. However, there is no data in the literature about its expression or about its function in the hearing system. Thus, we aimed to investigate its expression in mechanosensory systems of mice and zebrafish. Through RT-CPR, we have detected expression of the mRNA in whole cochlea and in organ of Corti associated to stria vascularis of P4, P10 and P16 mice. In addition, qRT-PCR revealed higher expression in P10 and P16 stages, compared to P4 stage, and that a significant fraction of the expression is concentrated in the organ of Corti associated to stria vascularis. Regarding the protein, immunofluorescence assays revealed expression of the coactivator in histological sections of P4, P10 and P14 mice cochlea, with fluorescencent signals in several structures: basilar mebrane, Reissner\'s membrane, organ of Corti, stria vascularis, spiral limbus and spiral ganglion. Whole-mount in situ hybridization assays were conducted in zebrafish, revealing the mRNA expression in the inner ear of 3 and 5 days-post-fertilization (dpf) larvae and of 5 and 7 weeks-post-fertilization (wpf) juveniles. Our experiments provided unprecedented data suggesting a conserved role of this gene in the development of the auditory system of mice and in the development and physiology of the auditory system of zebrafish. In order to investigate if the lack of the gene expression affects the auditory system, we performed experiments aiming genetic edition through CRISPR/Cas9 system in zebrafish. Given the difficulty to standardize the technique, we could not obtain conclusive results during the study period. Our work has shown for the first time the expression of the candidate gene mRNA and protein in the auditory in animal models, which is fundamental to reinforce the potential role of the mutation in the hearing loss identified in the family. Thus, we have contributed to the delineation of future functional experiments that will unveil the role of the gene and its corresponding mutation in the development and physiology of the auditory system
7

A conexina 26 e sua relação com outras proteínas no órgão de Corti / The connexin 26 and its relationship with other proteins from the organ of Corti

Batissoco, Ana Carla 04 November 2011 (has links)
A causa mais frequente de surdez de herança autossômica recessiva são as mutações no lócus DFNB1, onde estão os genes GJB2 e GJB6. Dentre os indivíduos com deficiência auditiva associada a esse lócus, 10% a 50% apresentam uma única mutação recessiva no gene GJB2, frequência muito superior à esperada em função da frequência de heterozigotos na população geral. Apesar de alguns desses casos terem sido elucidados após a identificação de grandes deleções no gene GJB6 ou nas suas proximidades, a existência de muitos indivíduos com uma única mutação patogênica no gene GJB2 sugere que a haplo-insuficiência nesse gene possa interagir com outras mutações no mesmo gene, no gene GJB6 vizinho, ou até em outros genes. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar novos alelos patogênicos, novas proteínas e novos genes que interagem com o lócus DFNB1, do ponto de vista molecular e celular, e que possam ser responsáveis por surdez de herança autossômica recessiva. Desse modo, pretendemos contribuir para o esclarecimento da patogênese da surdez de herança autossômica recessiva. Nesse trabalho, três tipos de estudos foram realizados, com metodologias próprias. Na primeira parte, buscamos identificar novos alelos patogênicos no lócus DFNB1 que poderiam ser responsáveis por surdez quando presentes em heterozigose composta com outros alelos patogênicos nos genes GJB2 e GJB6. Foi realizada a análise do DNA de 16 pacientes surdos portadores de uma única mutação patogênica em um desses dois genes por meio: (i) do sequenciamento das regiões codificadora, promotora e doadora de splicing (intron 1) do gene GJB2, (ii) da triagem de uma deleção de 200 kb localizada a 130 kb da proximidade distal da região 5\' do gene GJB6 e (iii) da pesquisa de variações no número de cópias de um ou mais exons dos genes GJB2, GJB6, GJB3 e WFS1 por MLPA (Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification). Detectamos uma segunda mutação provavelmente patogênica em dois dos 16 pacientes heterozigotos: em um deles, a mutação p.L76P (c.C227T) foi identificada na região de código do gene GJB2 e foi por nós descrita pela primeira vez; no segundo caso, uma duplicação (0,4-1,2Kb) que inclui a região de código do gene GJB2 foi detectada, também inédita na literatura. Na segunda parte, tivemos como objetivo obter um modelo experimental para estudos funcionais in vitro da proteína codificada pelo gene GJB2, a conexina 26, em seu local de expressão que são as células de suporte do órgão de Corti. Padronizamos o cultivo in vitro de células progenitoras do órgão de Corti de camundongos e de cobaias e conseguimos obter a diferenciação in vitro das otoesferas dos camundongos em células que expressam marcadores de células ciliadas (Miosina VIIa e Jagged2) e de células de suporte (p27kip e Jagged1). Por fim, na terceira parte, buscamos por proteínas que interagem com a conexina 26 por meio de ensaios de precipitação por afinidade. Para isso, produzimos clones recombinantes de uma proteína de fusão GST-Cx26 e de uma proteína controle (GST), e realizamos sua expressão in vitro em bactérias E.coli B21. Ensaios de precipitação por afinidade entre a proteína de fusão GST-Cx26 ou GST sozinha e proteínas extraídas de cérebro ou fígado de camundongos foram realizados em diferentes condições. A identificação e a análise das proteínas presentes em bandas de SDS-PAGE, obtidas no ensaio de precipitação com a proteína de fusão GST-Cx26 e ausentes no ensaio com a GST, foram realizadas por espectrometria de massas. Identificamos um total de 49 proteínas candidatas a interagirem com a região C-terminal da Cx26. Realizamos diversas análises in silico e em literatura específica e após exclusão de candidatas por: (i) redundância de representação no ensaio GST-Cx26, (ii) diferença entre a massa molecular esperada e a obtida, (iii) precipitação inespecífica e (iv) localização subcelular incompatível com a conexina 26, selecionamos um total de 22 proteínas candidatas a interagirem com a região C-terminal da conexina 26, para estudos futuros. A confimação da interação entre essas 22 proteínas e a conexina 26 é desejável por meio de estudos de co-localização e imuno-coprecipitação / The most frequent causes of nonsyndromic recessive hearing loss are mutations in locus DFNB1, in the GJB2 and GJB6 genes. Among the individuals with hearing loss with mutations in this locus, 10% to 50% present a single recessive mutation in the GJB2 gene, frequency much higher than expected taking into account the frequency of heterozygotes in the general population. Although some of these cases have been elucidated after the identification of large deletions in GJB6 or its surrounding regions, the existence of many individuals with a single pathogenic mutation in the GJB2 gene suggests that haplo-insufficiency of this gene may interact with other types of mutations in the same gene, in the neighbor gene GJB6, or even in other genes. The aim of this study was to identify new pathogenic alleles, proteins and genes that interact with the locus DFNB1, from the molecular and cellular perspective, and that may be responsible for autosomal recessive deafness. Thus, we aimed to contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of autosomal recessive deafness. In this work, three different types of studies were performed, each one with a particular methodology. In the first part, we searched for new pathogenic alleles in the locus DFNB1 that could be responsible for deafness, when present in compound heterozygosis with other pathogenic alleles in GJB2 and GJB6 genes. We performed DNA analysis in samples from 16 deaf patients, carriers of a single pathogenic mutation in one of these two genes by: (i) sequencing the coding, promoter and splice donor (intron 1) regions of the GJB2 gene, (ii) screening for a deletion of 200 kb located 130 kb upstream from GJB6 gene and (iii) investigating copy number variations in of one or more exons of the genes GJB2, GJB6, GJB3 and WFS1 by MLPA (Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification). We detected a second mutation, probably pathogenic, in two of the 16 heterozygous patients: in one case, the p.L76P (c.C227T) mutation was identified in the coding region of the GJB2 gene and was firstly described by us; in the second case, a novel duplication (0.4 - 1.2 Mb) that includes the coding region of the GJB2 gene was detected. In the second part, our objective was to obtain an experimental model for in vitro functional studies of the protein encoded by the GJB2 gene, connexin 26, in its site of expression, that is, in the supporting cells of the organ of Corti. We standardized the culturing of guinea pigs and mice progenitor cells of organ of Corti. We were also able to induce differentiation of mice\'s otospheres into cells that express markers of hair (myosin VIIa and Jagged2) and supporting cells (p27kip and Jagged1). Finally, we searched for connexin 26 interacting proteins by pull-down assays. Recombinant clones expressing a fusion protein GST-Cx26 and a control protein (GST) were produced, so that in vitro expression in E. coli B21 could be performed. Pull-down experiments, perfomed with fusion protein GST-Cx26 or GST alone, and with proteins from mice brain or liver extracts were done under several different conditions. The identification and analysis of proteins present in SDS-PAGE bands in experiments performed with the fusion protein GST-Cx26, and absent in the GST assay, were performed by mass spectrometry. We identified a total of 49 candidate proteins for interaction with the C-terminal region of Cx26. In silico analyses performed in several databases and search in the literature allowed exclusion of candidates by: (i) redundancy of representation in the GST-Cx26 experiments; (ii) discrepancy between the expected and the obtained molecular weight; (iii) nonspecific precipitation and (iv) subcellular localization incompatible with connexin 26 localization. Summing up, we selected a total of 22 candidate proteins to interact with the C-terminal region of connexin 26. Confirmation of the interaction between these proteins and connexin 26 is planned to be performed by co-localization studies and by immuno-coprecipitation

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