WHAT L.C de Villiers is the official sports-grounds of the University of Pretoria and hosts the High Performance Centre (HPC). This world class sports clinic was designed as a rugby training facility, but is currently used as a training and accommodation centre catering for various sport codes. The HPC has enjoyed great success; to such an extent that the facility is overcrowded and expansion plans are in the pipeline. WHY A twin HPC facility is planned on the Groenkloof campus. This campus has developed sportsfields, existing infrastructure,ample space for development, cultural significance and forms part of the southern gateway of Pretoria. HOW This study investigates how a HPC integrates with Groenkloof campus. Furthermore, stormwater management will be investigated. Lastly a material selection referenced from relevant history will be put together for detail design. / Dissertation (ML(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Architecture / unrestricted

The purpose of this research was to explore perceptions among 9th through 12th grade students from Brazil, Haiti and Jamaica, with respect to their heritage languages: Portuguese, Haitian Creole, and Jamaican Patois. An additional purpose was to understand in greater detail possible variations of perception with respect to heritage language maintenance (or loss) in relation to one’s gender, first language, and place of birth. The research implemented semi-structured interviews with male and female adolescents with these heritage language backgrounds. Participants’ responses were recorded and transcribed. The transcriptions were analyzed via a categorizing of themes emerging from the data. Data were analyzed using inductive analysis. Three categories emerged from the inductive analysis of the data: (a) heritage language, (b) bilingualism, and (c) English as a second language. The analysis reveals that as participants learn English, they continue to value their heritage language and feel positively toward bilingualism, but differ in their preference regarding use of native language and English in a variety of contexts. There seems to be a mismatch between a positive attitude and an interest in learning their heritage language. Families and teachers, as agents, may not be helping students fully understand the advantages of bilingualism. Students seem to have a lack of understanding of bilingualism’s cognitive and bi-literacy benefits. Instead, employment seems to be perceived as the number one reason for becoming bilingual. Also, the students have a desire to add culture to the heritage language curriculum. The study was conducted at one of the most diverse and largest high schools in Palm Beach, in Palm Beach County, Florida. The results of this study imply that given the positive attitude toward heritage language and bilingualism, students need to be guided in exploring their understanding of heritage language and bilingualism. Implications for teaching and learning, as well as recommendations for further research, are included.

This study investigates the division of labor between null and overt pronouns in Spanish. The Position of Antecedent Hypothesis (Carminati 2002) posits that null and overt pronouns in null-subject languages differ with respect to antecedent choice in ambiguous constructions. The objectives of this study are to determine i) to what extent native French speakers learning Spanish in adulthood can acquire the same interpretation bias as Spanish speakers, ii) if heritage speakers (HS) of Spanish who grow up in a French environment acquire the same interpretative strategies as native speakers, and iii) if the type of exposure to Spanish influences the extent to which HS and L2 speakers of Spanish acquire the PAH tendencies. Fifty-nine participants (10 HSs, 23 L1 French and 26 L1 Spanish speakers) filled a questionnaire on language background, and completed a written production task and a self-paced judgement task. Our results show that the French and HS’ answers were similar to those of the native speakers, except for the backward anaphora with the matrix subject as the antecedent of the overt pronoun. The French and HSs rated this type of sentence significantly higher than the native Speakers did, which suggests that while French speakers and HS might have acquired the bias for sentences with null pronouns, the bias might not be as strong for the anaphora with overt pronouns. Interestingly, the French speakers tend to be “better” than the HS at rating all sentences like the native speakers.

Not only is tourism becoming one of the fastest growing industries of both the developed and developing countries, it is also the point of entry into a country and its culture. The movement of people between countries and the burgeoning size of the tourism industry has created the need for the professionalisation of tourist guides within countries. Furthermore, there has also developed a need for implementing tourist guiding legislation to better regulate the tourism sector. The tourist guide has become one of the key industry players, because he or she is usually the first point of contact between the tourist and the country. As such, this study will focus on the development and implementation of tourist guiding legislation in three destinations: South Africa, Canada and Australia. It will compare the different regulatory measures each country has implemented and also look at the relationship between the tourist guide and government, as well as the relationship of the tourist guide and the tourist. The importance of the tourist guide as mediator or interpreter will also be focused on. Lastly the concept of cross-border tourism will also be considered, this is because people usually visit more than one country when they go on holiday and tourist guides will often have to operate between the two countries and take part in cross-border tourism. In short, this study will be a comparative one primarily concerned with tourist guiding legislation within South Africa, Canada and Australia. It will consider the place of the tourist guide within the historical and practical context. / Dissertation (MHSC)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / National Research Foundation (NRF) / Historical and Heritage Studies / MHCS / Unrestricted

Paul Virilio states, "...war is now directed not so much against the enemy's war machines as against the atmospheric ecosystem of the target country. Hence the strange inversion in the nature of the victims of a conflict unleashed 'in the name of human rights' -- a conflict in which most of the casualties are civilians and the military personnel appear to be a protected species."2 There are many examples of local, national, and international sites targeted and destroyed in the so-called 'wars in the name of humanitarian aid'. In addition, a new trend shows terrorist groups targeting symbolic cultural heritage sites in order to erase the identity of the place. The possibility of cultural heritage protection goes beyond current methodologies. What if instead we thought about a city, as Italo Calvino states, "consisting of relationships between the measurements of its space and the events of its past," in order to design a sensitive, yet protective layer for its historic fabric? This thesis explores a theory of ange beginning with understanding the problem: cultural heritage is being targeted in conflict zones to instill fear, destroy identity, and generate symbolic propaganda. Despite the rapid development of technology and resources, the built fabric has not yet fully adapted to the needs and desires of the 21st century. The solution develops through a complex spatial vehicle: a protective layer or sacrificial skin, a replica or mask, encompassing oth tangible and intangible aspects of a cultural heritage site, that prevents destruction to both the building and the people thus creating a safe, yet historic space for public and private life. Empathy leads to insights. For the first time in human history, it is impossible to imagine what the next decade will look like much less the next century. This thesis explores one possible route to existing harmoniously with the past while continuing to progress towards a shared future. / 0 / SPK / specialcollections@tulane.edu

There is a lot of published literature in the disciplines of Archaeology and Anthropology on ceramics that amongst others focus on their typologies, dating sequences, manufacture and trade with reference to groups of people that inhabit the Southern African region. Additionally, several studies have focussed on the use of ceramic objects including figurines in ritual practices of these societies. However, the emphasis has been differential and skewed as it has largely been focussed on certain cultures such as that of the Zulu group or linked to archaeological sites, to the exclusion of other groups. For example, there is scant literature that focuses on the description or discussion of ceramic vessels by the Basotho-Batswana people of Southern Africa, who, like the Zulu have an active ceramic tradition including the manufacture and reverence of spiritual ceramic vessels. The thrust of this dissertation is therefore to widen our understanding and knowledge of the spiritual significance of African ceramic vessels by focusing particular attention on how these Sotho-Tswana groups practice this tradition with the ultimate objective of encouraging the appropriate recognition and preservation of traditional African ceramic vessels. / Mini Dissertation (MSocSci)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Mellon Foundation / Tangible Heritage Conservation / MSocSci (Tangible Heritage Conservation) / Unrestricted

This study is a contribution to the programme of memorializing District Six through the site-specific stories that are shared in research, education, and the co-curated spaces of the District Six Museum. When buildings, streets, street names and place names are erased from a landscape; when cultural, economic, religious, and educational spaces are shut down; then people’s connections to place are disrupted, diverted, reimagined, often lost to future linked generations. These connections, however, continue to live on in people’s memories - individual and collective, sometimes lying dormant waiting to be triggered into wakefulness and visibility. In the case of District Six, these memories have lived on as nostalgia about a recent past with the trauma, often, edited out. Consequently, District Six has frequently been rendered as a stereotype - a friendly, unproblematic, tolerant, kanala place, where grand narrative re-enactments provide a sense of closure for some or evokes a sense of renewed anger about the stories not told and the unfulfilled restitution process. The stories of women factory workers are a case in point, where the closing down of factories and the subsequent loss of livelihoods are remembered in two ways. Firstly, through a lens of nostalgia premised on the idea that the past was a better place when we had jobs and could feed our families. Secondly, this recent past is also remembered with a sense of unresolved anger that people are less important than profit margins and real estate - a mentality that resulted in the export of cheap labour factories overseas and gentrification. This study explores the stories of two women clothing workers from District Six. I mapped out the important clothing factories contained in the stories of the two women I interviewed like, for example, the Ensign Factory that was in a section of District Six now rezoned as part of Woodstock. The site and its surroundings have taken on a new corporate brand but still lives with the spectral traces of the old District Six. I make these and other District Six fragments more visible through the stories of Ruth Rosa Phala-Jeftha and Farahnaaz Gilfelleon, using the District Six Museum’s oral history methodology – one steeped in a critical pedagogy where the storytellers have agency and are invited into a co-curated sense-making and interpretive process. / Dissertation (MSocSci)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Historical and Heritage Studies / MSocSci / Unrestricted

The satisfaction of immediate needs, such as thirst and a need for shelter, often becomes the driving force of one’s movements when walking. The location of places of this nature often plays a key role in where people gather and spend most of their time. In the case of a small fishing town, such as Arniston in the Western Cape, spaces of this nature occur in isolation from key landmarks, disabling the opportunity to truly interact with the whole place, its heritage and its people. This dissertation deals with landscape heritage management and the challenge of identifying new strategies for achieving sustainable heritage tourism in cultural landscapes with “Living Heritage” (Court 2015). The International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM) claims that one such challenge is implementing strategies to ensure that cultural landscapes, that are still operational, remain and grow in operation, without losing its intrinsic value (Court 2015). In doing so, the method of heritage management must be adapted to accommodate current and possible future narratives. The spatial challenge of how touristic activities interact with heritage spaces and places in coastal fishing villages in South Africa will be highlighted. A specific focus will be placed on the spatial challenge of how one interacts with heritage artefacts, places and spaces along the route to the coastline in Arniston. Hypernaturalisation of the cultural landscape of Arniston in the Western Cape will be proposed in the form of a tourism movement sequence. This will guide interaction with Arniston’s landscape, its people and artefacts before and when one reaches the coastline. / Afrikaans: Die bevrediging van onmiddellike behoeftes, soos dors en 'n behoefte aan skuiling, word dikwels die dryfkrag van 'n mens se bewegings wanneer jy loop. Die ligging van plekke van hierdie aard speel dikwels 'n sleutelrol in waar mense bymekaarkom en die meeste van hul tyd spandeer. In die geval van 'n klein vissersdorpie, soos Arniston in die Wes-Kaap, kom ruimtes van hierdie aard afsonderlik van belangrike landmerke voor, wat die geleentheid het om werklik met die hele plek, sy erfenis en sy mense om te gaan, skakel. Hierdie proefskrif handel oor die bestuur van landskapserfenis en die uitdaging om nuwe strategieë te identifiseer vir die bereiking van volhoubare erfenistoerisme in kulturele landskappe met "Living Heritage" (Court 2015). Die Internasionale Sentrum vir die bestudering van die behoud en herstel van kulturele eiendom (ICCROM) beweer dat een so 'n uitdaging die implementering van strategieë is, om te verseker dat kulturele landskappe, wat nog steeds werksaam is, bly en groei, sonder om die intrinsieke waarde daarvan te verloor (Court 2015). Sodoende moet die metode van erfenisbestuur aangepas word om huidige en moontlike toekomstige vertellings te akkommodeer. Die ruimtelike uitdaging van hoe toeristiese aktiwiteite in wisselwerking is met erfenisruimtes en plekke in vissersdorpies aan die kus in Suid-Afrika, word belig. Daar sal spesifiek gefokus word op die ruimtelike uitdaging om te kommunikeer met erfenisvoorwerpe, plekke en ruimtes langs die roete na die kuslyn in Arniston. Hipnaturalisering van die kulturele landskap van Arniston in die Wes-Kaap word voorgestel in die vorm van 'n toerisme-bewegingsreeks. Dit sal interaksie met Arniston se landskap, sy mense en artefakte lei voor en wanneer 'n mens die kuslyn bereik. / Mini Dissertation (ML (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Architecture / ML (Prof) / Unrestricted

On 10 January 2014, the New York Times placed Cape Town at the top of its list of the "52 places to go in 2014". The hopeful rhetoric of the city as ultimate holiday destination, African creative metropolis, prime global-events location and city of freedom indicates powerful cultural discourses at work. Looking at how Cape Town is simultaneously reinvented and haunted, this thesis poses a set of questions regarding the discourses associated with the reinvention of the city, on the one hand, and the city's unresolved pasts, on the other. Situated at the convergence of two fields, Urban Studies and Heritage Studies, it sets out to investigate the workings of heritage and urban-design discourses in the city of Cape Town over the period of 2002 to 2014. It describes the unfolding of these discourses, and discusses the organisational process of both the 2010 FIFA World Cup and the 2014 World Design Capital in relation to the exhumation of human remains at District One and the restitution of land at District Six. Using as its methodology a combination of embedded ethnographic research, qualitative indepth interviews, desktop and archival research, and a form of embodied research, the thesis points to a historical hinge upon which these discourses shift. Through discourse analysis, it examines what this discursive shift entails, and how it takes place. It points to "moments of poignancy" in the construction of Cape Town's recent urban transformation. As such, this study offers a series of insights into the links between colonial modernity, on the one hand, and the origins of contemporary heritage and urban-design discourses in Cape Town, on the other. It examines the function of official discourse concerning the design of the city, as well as the sudden eruptions of public dissent that disturb this official discourse. The central argument of this thesis is that, through an in-depth understanding of the shifts, transformations and internal workings of the discourses of heritage and urban design, a critique can be made of the way contemporary Cape Town has been repositioned in relation to the city's past, present and future.

The study investigates traces and historical origins, socio-economic, political and cultural lives of 'black servants' who worked and lived at the Zwartkoppies Farm and other establishments owned by Sammy Marks through photographs, oral histories and Archives. Furthermore, I interrogate the notion of representation by exploring the house as a colonial object and the site as exclusive and perpetuating divisions in a democratic South Africa. The decision to employ oral histories is so as to give these servants the freedom to represent themselves in a space where their voices have been muted in their presence. The history of labour in Southern Africa serves as my point of departure so as to better frame my research. This study reflects on the effects of colonisation and apartheid characterised by injustices and marginalisation which is to this day still are reflected in the silenced narratives of South Africa's dark history. / Dissertation (MSoSci)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / University of Pretoria Bursary and DITSONG Museums of South Africa Bursary / Historical and Heritage Studies / MSoSci (Heritage and Museum Studies) / Unrestricted