In 2003, UNESCO adopted the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage to officially recognize the value of non-physical heritage. Previously, established conservation standards focused on physical heritage, namely historic architecture, which generally reflected the values of western societies but did not necessarily accommodate other forms of cultural heritage. The adoption of the Convention signified a shift towards a more inclusive approach. My thesis grounds this international discussion in a locality by examining conservation issues and practices in Vancouver, British Columbia. My thesis contains two key findings: (1) Echoing international criticism of established conservation standards, Vancouver’s heritage conservation policies tend to systemically favour aesthetically significant and structurally robust architecture. As a result, certain histories without existing architecture become obsolete, leaving a selective history in Vancouver’s everyday landscape. (2) At the same time, Vancouver has also hosted a number of community history projects. These recent projects have been able to recover fading memories of this landscape through storytelling, a form of intangible heritage, and to reconnect these histories to the locations where they originated (what Pierre Nora (1989) calls milieux de mémoire). My recommendations include a formal integration of intangible heritage projects with the established heritage conservation program and suggest opportunities to achieve this integration. These recommendations hope to encourage a more inclusive approach that recognizes a place’s history contains diverse, coexisting and overlapping narratives, and acknowledges the parts of this history that may be damaged by forces of gentrification, urban renewal and colonization. By approaching the city’s landscape as a palimpsest, inclusive heritage conservation practice can make Vancouver more than a site of residence with aesthetic character, but a place that owns its past. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Cattle are widely used in cultural landscape management in Sweden today. However, there are few recent studies concering what types of cattle or what breeds of cattle that are being used for cultural landscape management. The aim of this study is to examine the use of cattle in cultural landscape management in Sweden, focusing on the aims and the types of cattle and cattle breeds that are used. I will also examnine why these specific types of cattle and cattle breeds are being used. To answer these questions a literature study, combined with three case studies and interviwes was conducted. The results show that there are a series of aspects that effect what type of cattle that is being used for cultural landscape management. These aspects range from the aim of the cultural landscape management, the modern breeding objectives, animal welfare and the milk and meat yield of the different breeds. The result also show a need for further studies on the subject.

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This dissertation focuses on the development of the site in and around Rovos Rail. Rovos Rail is a unique train travel company cut off from the public view. The project context is located in Capital Park adjacent to Transnet Avenue. The primary purpose of the site was to accommodate railway-related workshop facilities that provisioned and maintained the trains and carriages on their way to the industries of Johannesburg. Rovos Rail has done much in terms of the conservation of railway history in Pretoria. This ambition should be celebrated and built upon. It is necessary to promote the conservation of the rich railway history of South Africa and understand the impact thereof on the contemporary landscape. In order to understand the significance of contextualism, research based on philosophical, theoretical and practical lenses will be conducted. The argument relies on understanding the context through these different lenses. The historical significance of the site is celebrated. The dissertation places it within the historical continuum of both the larger context of Pretoria and the smaller context of the surrounding community. Through the design of a Steam Locomotive Museum next to Rovos Rail, a holistic approach, based on contextualism theories and South African case studies is illustrated. The project proposal establishes a physical connection with the historically significant structures of the site and emphasises the historical layers. Inspiration is drawn from the existing railway lines, the existing platform, ecological features and buildings. The chosen function, that of the museum, intends to act as the arbitrator for the diversity of narratives of an ever-evolving landscape, be it manmade or natural. The museum represents a prototype for the methodology proposed. The design aims to facilitate the conservation of railway history, the education of the importance thereof and enticement to develop these sites to represent a prosperous future. / Mini Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Architecture / MArch (Prof) / Unrestricted

A Dissertation of limited scope submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course-work degree of Masters of Recreation and Tourism in the Department for Recreation and Tourism at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2012. / Cultural heritage tourism refers to travelling to experience the places and activities that authentically represent the stories and people of the past and present, such activities are found in living communities, these are signs that the past and present spoken of is authentic and rooted in the experience of the people. The importance of this study was to help create cultural heritage awareness among the people of the Zululand District Municipality. This was to be achieved by focusing on establishing the potential of cultural heritage tourism and finding out if cultural heritage tourism can be a driver of rural development. Cultural heritage tourism can be used to generate financial and social benefits using resources within the communities. The intention was to find out if the study area does have such cultural heritage resources, if so, how these resources could contribute to the development of the study area. The key objectives of this research study were achieved as reflected in Chapter 4. The objectives of this study are as follows:  To identify cultural heritage resources available in the study area.  To view local communities perception towards cultural heritage tourism development.  To assess the level of participation by the local community in cultural heritage development.  To discover strategies used by the Zululand District Municipality to transform cultural heritage assets into tourism products.  To establish the contribution of cultural heritage tourism resources towards the economic upliftment of the community in the study area. The findings of the research study revealed that, the study area has cultural heritage resources which are available but are not utilised to the benefit of the community as yet. The level of the community participation in the development of cultural heritage tourism is therefore limited. The major problem with participation is caused by the lack of involvement in decision making of the respondents; the findings indicate that they are willing to learn more about cultural heritage tourism which will enhance their capacity to participate in tourism development.

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The purpose of this largely qualitative study was to develop a blueprint for planning and designing a staged-authentic heritage tourist attraction for small island nations. Data were gathered and analyzed in three phases. In Phase I, existing and potential supply, demand, and external variables associated with staged-authentic heritage attractions were identified, and a preliminary planning model and conceptual framework was developed. In Phase II, the model was refined. A blueprint containing seven major questions and 26 sequential steps was developed. In Phase III, the blueprint was tested using focus groups and an online tourist survey in the Caribbean region (Aruba) in order to determine the extent to which it could be useful to those responsible for the development of staged-authentic heritage tourist attractions. It was concluded that (a) the devised blueprint is appropriate and effective for planning and designing a staged-authentic heritage attraction for small island nations, (b) the seven questions and 26 steps developed to support the methodological flowchart ensure attention to essential activities and events in the planning and designing of a staged-authentic heritage attraction, and (c) continuous collaboration among all stakeholders is required in planning and designing staged-authentic heritage attractions so as to ensure commitment of those who would be contributors, supporters, and developers of the project. Implications for the use of the blueprint and for staged-authentic heritage attractions were offered. Also presented were recommendations for future research.

Yes / Archaeology is a broad church and its role as a “two culture” discipline is frequently cited. This position at the interface of the arts and sciences remains central to archaeological activity but there have been significant changes in the structure of archaeology and its relationship to society overall. The growth of heritage science, in particular, is driving change and development within archaeology at a national and international level. This paper discusses these developments in relation to the author's own research trajectory and discusses the significance of such change.

This thesis explores the concept of heritage within the context of the maritime environment of Aotearoa/ New Zealand. Three case studies, The New Zealand National Maritime Museum in Auckland, TSS Earnslaw which operates on Lake Wakatipu from a base in Queenstown and the Port of Lyttelton, Canterbury, are used to investigate the relationship between the international literature of heritage and the expression of maritime heritage in Aotearoa/ New Zealand. The research is focussed through the investigation of the presentation, and management of maritime heritage. The relationship between the concept of heritage as a global phenomenon and its expression in relation to the maritime heritage of Aotearoa/ New Zealand is discussed using the information obtained through fieldwork. The themes of mobility and conflict are identified as significant in the explanation of the role played by maritime heritage in the interaction between society and its maritime past.