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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Evolution of avian ossification sequences

Maxwell, Erin E. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.). / Written for the Dept. of Biology. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2008/02/12). Includes bibliographical references.
2

New methodology for the phylogenetic analysis of developmental sequences and its application to the evolution of vertebrate ossification

Harrison, Luke Barrett. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc.). / Written for the Dept. of Biology. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2008/12/05). Includes bibliographical references.
3

SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN THE CRANIOFACIAL GROWTH OF THE GUINEA PIG (cavia porcellus)

FARMER, MEREDITH ANN 11 March 2002 (has links)
No description available.
4

Developmental timing in aquatic embryos : linking intraspecific heterochrony and evolution

Tills, Oliver A. January 2013 (has links)
The main aim of this thesis is to understand the extent to which intraspecific variation in developmental event timing might provide the raw material from which heterochronies may originate. To this end I studied the timing of a suite of both morphological and physiological events in the embryonic development of Radix balthica, a species of aquatic snail known to exhibit event timing variation during the embryonic period (Tills et al. 2010; Rundle et al. 2011) and that sits within an evolutionary clade, in which extensive heterochrony has been documented (Smirthwaite et al. 2007). I found that variation in embryonic developmental event timing within R. balthica is pervasive (Chapters 2 - 5) and distributed primarily at low (inter-individual and egg mass), rather than high (population) biological levels (Chapter 3). This variation also appears to have a genetic basis (Chapter 2) and to be heritable (Chapters 4 and 5). Examination of the development of function in the cardiovascular (CV) system in Chapter 5 also revealed extensive variation, including differences between egg masses in the timing of aspects of this development, and differences between populations in the rates of change in heart rate during different phases of ontogeny. Variation in CV development also had effects on life history, which suggest that altered embryonic development might have implications for Darwinian fitness (Chapter 5). This thesis demonstrates that intraspecific variation in developmental event timing represents a fundamental link between ontogeny and phylogeny and that study of altered timing at the inter-individual level provides the opportunity to address questions concerning its evolvability and implications.
5

The evolution of cranial ossification sequences in ostariophysan fishes /

Thomas, Katherine Rebecca. January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Committee on Evolutionary Biology, August 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.
6

Heterochrony of floral and mating system characters between Nicotiana longiflora and N. plumbaginifolia

Soule, Jacob W. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on November 6, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
7

Análises de sequências ontogenéticas do crânio imaturo de Pipa arrabali: implicações filogenéticas e ecológicas

Araújo, Olívia Gabriela dos Santos [UNESP] 16 July 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-07-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:20:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 araujo_ogs_me_rcla.pdf: 3426864 bytes, checksum: d4e6ef0b83f1afba0b03382faceed554 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O estudo comparativo da ontogenia fornece dados que podem servir tanto para elucidar alguns dos mecanismos de evolução, como para realizar reconstruções filogenética, principalmente porque permite a observação da diferenciação morfológica e temporal durante o desenvolvimento. O estudo das modificações do processo de ontogenia também fornece dados relativos aos processos de especiação. Neste sentido, os anfíbios podem ser considerados os melhores modelos para o estudo de ontogenia. Como eles têm embriões geralmente de vida livre, a aquisição da série de desenvolvimento necessário é relativamente fácil, quando comparado com qualquer outro animal vertebrado. Entre os anuros, por causa da diversidade de modos reprodutivos (que inclui desenvolvimento direto), os pipídeos oferecem uma rara oportunidade de investigar como o cuidado parental pode ter influenciado o desenvolvimento geral e, em particular, as rotas de desenvolvimento do esqueleto. Além disso, a família Pipidae também é um ramo que se diferenciou relativamente cedo na árvore de vida dos anfíbios anuros. Esta família apresenta uma combinação única de características plesiomórficas e exclusivamente derivadas, algumas das quais parecem representar adaptações a um estilo de vida aquático. O presente estudo descreve o desenvolvimento do crânio de Pipa arrabali e compara os dados disponíveis para outras espécies do grupo, incluindo outros Pipidae e Xenoanura. Para as análises morfológicas, foram utilizados 51 embriões em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento. Para observar as estruturas esqueléticas os espécimes foram diafanizados e corados com uma técnica de dupla coloração para diferenciação de cartilagem e osso. O condrocrânio desta espécie é caracterizado pela redução ou ausência de várias estruturas, com uma concentração destas modificações nas regiões etmoidal e anterior. Quando comparado com outras espécies, parece óbvio / The study of comparative ontogeny provides data that can serve both, to elucidate some of the mechanisms of evolution and phylogenetic reconstruction, mainly because it allows for the observation of morphological and temporal differentiation during development. The study of modifications of ontogenic process also permits that data relating to the process of speciation be observed. In this regard, frogs may be considered the best models for the study of ontogeny. As they generally have free living embryos, the acquisition of the necessary developmental series is relatively easy, when compared with many other vertebrates. Amongst frogs, because of the diversity of reproductive modes (which includes direct developers), pipids offer a rare opportunity to investigate how parental care may have influenced development in general and skeletal developmental pathways in particular. Besides, the family Pipidae is also a relatively early offshoot of the anuran tree of life, presenting a unique combination of plesiomorfic characteristics and exclusive derived characteristics, some of which seems to represent adaptations to an aquatic lifestyle. Here in, I describe the development of the cranium of Pipa arrabali and compare the data available to other species in the group, including other Pipidae and Xenoanura. For the morphological analyses, I used 51 embryos in different developmental stages. To observe the skeletal structures the specimens were cleared and double stained for cartilage and bone differentiation. The chondrocranium of this species is characterized by several reductions or absence of structures, with a concentration of these modifications in the ethmoidal and anterior regions. When compared to other species, it seems obvious that heterocrony is a pervasive mechanism for the ontogenetic modifications observed
8

Comparative ontogeny of avian limb skeleton: implications for ontogenetic ageing and evolutionary variability, with special emphasis on the evolution of avian flightlessness / 鳥類四肢骨格個体発生の比較研究:成長段階判定と進化的変異性,特に鳥類の無飛翔性の進化における意義

Watanabe, Junya 24 November 2016 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第20047号 / 理博第4232号 / 新制||理||1608(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科地球惑星科学専攻 / (主査)准教授 生方 貴男, 教授 酒井 治孝, 教授 平島 崇男 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
9

The evolution and development of the archosaurian head and the origin of the bird skull

Bhullar, Bhart-Anjan Singh January 2014 (has links)
Abstract: Archosauria, the "ruling reptiles," characterized along their stem by relatively large, macrocarnivorous animals, are today represented by two enormously successful but divergent extant clades: Aves, the birds, and Crocodylia, the crocodiles and alligators. This thesis seeks to characterize major transformations in the cranial region of archosaurs, a prominent theme in their evolution.
10

Os Processos heterocrônicos nos vertebrados : o exemplo dos Rhynchosauria (Reptilia, Archosauromorpha) do estado do rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Barros, Rodrigo Carrilho do Rêgo January 2009 (has links)
Aspectos heterocrônicos encontrados na evolução do crânio dos Rhynchosauria foram estudados como uma contribuição ao melhor entendimento da evolução deste grupo, bem como dos vertebrados em geral; para o que partiu-se do material Triássico do estado Rio Grande do Sul. A Análise dos Componentes Principais incluiu 22 crânios e foi utilizada para estabelecer classes de idades; a Equação de Alometria para estabelecer as modificações alométricas durante a ontogenia. Uma análise incluiu espécimes de Hyperodapedon sp., Scaphonyx sulcognathus e o "Rincossauro de Mariante"; e outra apenas espécimes de Hyperodapedon sp. A Análise Estatística Multivariada indicou que a alteração da forma craniana depende fortemente do tamanho. As alterações nas diferentes regiões do crânio, refletidas nos coeficientes alométricos, são uma consequência da alteração do tamanho dos indivíduos. Na primeira análise, 73% das medidas apresentaram crescimento alométrico negativo em relação à medida comparativa padrão, enquanto que apenas 27% das medidas apresentaram crescimento alométrico positivo (em nenhuma foi isométrico). Na segunda análise, 91% das medidas apresentaram crescimento alométrico negativo, enquanto que apenas 9% do crescimento alométrico foi positivo (em nenhuma foi isométrico). Encontrou-se um mosaico heterocrônico nos caracteres cranianos, com processos pedomórficos e peramórficos. A análise que inclui o "Rincossauro de Mariante" e Scaphonyx sulcognathus permite concluir que durante a ontogenia dos espécimes, o crânio apresentava um crescimento alométrico positivo do rostro e do teto da região craniana propriamente dita, quando comparados com o comprimento total do crânio; indicando uma peramorfoclinal. Exceto as do rostro e do teto da região craniana, todas as demais medidas apresentaram alometria negativa quando comparadas ao comprimento total do crânio, refletindo uma pedomorfoclinal. A análise que exclui o "Rincossauro de Mariante" e Scaphonyx sulcognathus indica que, durante a ontogenia, o crânio apresentava um crescimento alométrico positivo apenas no rostro, evidenciado pelo aumento na pré-maxila. Duas das heterocronoclinais encontradas na evolução dos rincossauros são as mais usuais nos vertebrados como um todo, e devidas à progênese por um lado e à hipermorfose por outro. A neotenia no rostro, associada a uma provável progênese na mandíbula levou à formação do aspecto mais característico dos rincossauros, a pré-maxila curvada ventralmente e verticalizada. A peramorfoclinal por hipermorfose pode ter contribuído para a extinção do grupo. Nos vertebrados provavelmente estão sempre associados dois processos (progênese e hipermorfose), ou mais, como neotenia e aceleração no caso dos rincossauros. Os processos não são fenômenos isolados, mas sempre parte de heterocronoclinais; as quais podem resultar de respostas a diferentes solicitações ambientais, possibilitadas pela flexibilidade genotípica. As respostas podem ser aprofundadas, canalizadas e fixadas, levando ou ao surgimento de grupos novos (pedomorfoclinais por progênese) ou à extinção de outros (peramorfoclinais por hipermorfose). Processos heterocrônicos podem originar mudanças graduais, mas não necessariamente; o que permite concluir que nem sempre o registro fóssil é realmente "incompleto", mas sim por vezes reflexo de algum tipo de evolução não gradual. Heterocronia não é uma teoria científica, mas uma metodologia que permite reconhecer padrões fenotípicos complexos resultantes da ontogenia. / Heterochronic aspects in the evolution of the Rhynchosauria skull were studied as a contribution to a better understanding of the evolution of this group, as well as of vertebrates as a whole; for what Triassic material from Rio Grande do Sul State was used. The Principal Components Analysis on 22 skulls sample was accomplished to establish age classes; and Allometry Equation to establish alometric changes during ontogeny. One analysis included Hyperodapedon sp., Scaphonyx sulcognathus and the "Rincossauro de Mariante" specimens, and the other only Hyperodapedon sp. Specimens. Multivariate Statistic Analysis showed that the skull shape changes was in accordance with size. The morphologic changes in the different skull regions reflected in the alometric coefficients are a consequence of individual size changes. In the first analysis, 73% of measurements showed a negative alometric growth when compared to the total skull length, whereas only 27% showed positive alometric growth (no one was isometric). In the second analysis, 91% of the measurements showed negative alometric growth when compared to the total skull length, whereas only 9% showed positive alometric growth (no one was isometric). The study showed a heterochronic mosaic of skull characters due to the association of paedomorphic and peramorphic heterochronic processes. The data taken from the analysis including the "Rincossauro de Mariante" and Scaphonyx sulcognathus, led to conclude that during ontogeny the skull presented a positive alometric growth of the rostrum and superior skull region compared to total skull length. This morphologic pattern, when analyzed in phylogenetic terms, reflects a peramorphocline. Excepting from rostrum and the superior skull region, every measurement showed negative alometric growth when compared to total length skull. This pattern reflects a paedomorphocline. The data taken on the analysis excluding "Rincossauro de Mariante" and Scaphonyx sulcognathus, allowed to conclude that during ontogeny the skull has had a positive alometric growth only in the rostrum, as showed mostly by the increasing of the premaxilla. Two of the heterochronoclines recognized in the evolution of rhynchosaurs are as well the most frequent among vertebrates as a whole; and due to progenesis for one hand, and hypermorphosis for the other. Neoteny in the rostrum, associated to a probable progenesis in mandible has led to the formation of the most characteristic aspect of upper Triassic rhynchosaurs, a premaxilla verticalized and ventrally bent. The peramorphocline due to hypermorphosis may have contributed to the extinction of the group. In vertebrates probably there are always associated at least two processes (progenesis and hypermorphosis), or even more; such as neoteny and acceleration in the case of rhynchosaurs. Processes are not isolated phenomena but always part of heterochronoclines, which may result of environmental solicitations, made possible thanks to the genotypic flexibility. Responses may be deepened, canalized and fixed, leading sometimes to the origin of new groups (paedomorphoclines due to progenesis); whereas in others may lead to extinction (peramorphoclines due to hypermorphosis). Heterochronic processes may give rise to gradual changes but not necessarily; so that the fossil record not always is "incomplete", but actually may reflect some kind of not gradual evolution. Heterochrony should be understood not as a scientific theory, but as a methodology permitting to recognize complex phenotypic patterns resulting from ontogeny.

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