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System optimisation and radio planning for future LTE-advancedKhwandah, Sinan January 2015 (has links)
This work is related to wireless communication. In this Thesis three main issues are addressed for future cellular networks: power consumption, interference and mobility. These issues continue to be a burden on the system’s performance as long as technology keeps evolving. In the presented chapters, the focus was to introduce greater intelligence to the LTE system algorithms and bring to them a dynamic and self-organizing approach. The first approach concerns power consumption in wireless terminals. The currently applied solution to save energy is the DRX mechanism. It organizes the time when the terminal wakes up and starts receiving data, and when it goes into sleep mode in order to save its battery power. The current DRX is described as static or fixed which makes its parameters unsuitable for the nature of the bursty traffic. In this work an adaptive DRX mechanism is proposed and evaluated as the wireless terminal battery saving algorithm. The second approach is co-channel interference mitigation. To increase the system’s capacity and avoid spectrum scarcity, small cells such as Femtocells are deployed and operate on the same frequency bands as the Macrocell. Although these small nodes increase the system capacity, however, the challenges will be in the femtocells planning and management in addition to the interference issues. Here a dynamic interference cancellation approach is presented to enable the Femtocell to track the allocated resources to the Macro-users, and to avoid using them. The third approach concerns mobility management in heterogeneous networks. The wireless terminal may have different mobility levels during handover which increases the handover failures due to failure in handover commands and aging of the reported parameters. This issue is presented in detail with the aim to avoid performance degradation and improve the reporting mechanisms during fast mobility levels. For this regard the presented method proposes more cooperation between the serving cell and the end-user so that the large amount of overhead and measurement are reduced. Simulations with different configurations are conducted to present the results of the proposed models. Results show that the proposed models bring improvements to the LTE system. The enhanced self-organized architecture in the three presented approaches performs well in terms of power saving, dynamic spectrum utilization by Femtocells, and mitigation of sudden throughput degradation due to the serving cell’s downlink signal outage during mobility.
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Computation Offloading and Service Caching in Heterogeneous MEC Wireless NetworksZhang, Yongqiang 04 1900 (has links)
Mobile edge computing (MEC) can dramatically promote the compu- tation capability and prolong the lifetime of mobile users by offloading computation- intensive tasks to edge cloud. In this thesis, a spatial-random two-tier heterogeneous network (HetNet) is modelled to feature random node distribution, where the small- cell base stations (SBSs) and the macro base stations (MBSs) are cascaded with resource-limited servers and resource-unlimited servers, respectively. Only a certain type of application services and finite number of offloaded tasks can be cached and processed in the resource-limited edge server. For that setup, we investigate the per- formance of two offloading strategies corresponding to integrated access and backhaul (IAB)-enabled MEC networks and traditional cellular MEC networks. By using tools from stochastic geometry and queuing theory, we derive the average delay for the two different strategies, in order to better understand the influence of IAB on MEC networks. Simulations results are provided to verify the derived expressions and to reveal various system-level insights.
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Cooperation strategies for inter-cell interference mitigation in OFDMA systems / Les stratégies de coopération inter-cellules pour l'atténuation des interférences dans les systèmes OFDMAKurda, Reben 18 March 2015 (has links)
Récemment, l'utilisation des réseaux cellulaires a radicalement changé avec l’émergence de la quatrième génération (4G) de systèmes de télécommunications mobiles LTE/LTE-A (Long Term Evolution-Advanced). Les réseaux de générations précédentes (3G), initialement conçus pour le transport de la voix et les données à faible et moyen débits, ont du mal à faire face à l’augmentation accrue du trafic de données multimédia tout en répondant à leurs fortes exigences et contraintes en termes de qualité de service (QdS). Pour mieux répondre à ces besoins, les réseaux 4G ont introduit le paradigme des Réseaux Hétérogènes (HetNet).Les réseaux HetNet introduisent une nouvelle notion d’hétérogénéité pour les réseaux cellulaires en introduisant le concept des smalls cells (petites cellules) qui met en place des antennes à faible puissance d’émission. Ainsi, le réseau est composé de plusieurs couches (tiers) qui se chevauchent incluant la couverture traditionnelle macro-cellulaire, les pico-cellules, les femto-cellules, et les relais. Outre les améliorations des couvertures radio en environnements intérieurs, les smalls cells permettent d’augmenter la capacité du système par une meilleure utilisation du spectre et en rapprochant l’utilisateur de son point d’accès au réseau. Une des conséquences directes de cette densification cellulaire est l’interférence générée entre les différentes cellules des diverses couches quand ces dernières réutilisent les mêmes fréquences. Aussi, la définition de solutions efficaces de gestion des interférences dans ce type de systèmes constitue un de leurs défis majeurs. Cette thèse s’intéresse au problème de gestion des interférences dans les systèmes hétérogènes LTE-A. Notre objectif est d’apporter des solutions efficaces et originales au problème d’interférence dans ce contexte via des mécanismes d’ajustement de puissance des petites cellules. Nous avons pour cela distingués deux cas d’étude à savoir un déploiement à deux couches macro-femtocellules et macro-picocellules. Dans la première partie dédiée à un déploiement femtocellule et macrocellule, nous concevons une stratégie d'ajustement de puissance des femtocellules assisté par la macrocellule et qui prend en compte les performances des utilisateurs des femtocells tout en atténuant l'interférence causée aux utilisateurs des macrocellules sur leurs liens montants. Cette solution offre l’avantage de la prise en compte de paramètres contextuels locaux aux femtocellules (tels que le nombre d’utilisateurs en situation de outage) tout en considérant des scénarios de mobilité réalistes. Nous avons montré par simulation que les interférences sur les utilisateurs des macrocellules sont sensiblement réduites et que les femtocellules sont en mesure de dynamiquement ajuster leur puissance d'émission pour atteindre les objectifs fixés en termes d’équilibre entre performance des utilisateurs des macrocellules et celle de leurs propres utilisateurs. Dans la seconde partie de la thèse, nous considérons le déploiement de picocellules sous l'égide de la macrocellule. Nous nous sommes intéressés ici aux solutions d’extension de l’aire picocellulaire qui permettent une meilleure association utilisateur/cellule permettant de réduire l’interférence mais aussi offrir une meilleure efficacité spectrale. Nous proposons donc une approche basée sur un modèle de prédiction de la mobilité des utilisateurs qui permet de mieux ajuster la proportion de bande passante à partager entre la macrocellule et la picocellule en fonction de la durée de séjour estimée de ces utilisateurs ainsi que de leur demandes en bande passante. Notre solution a permis d’offrir un bon compromis entre les débits réalisables de la Macro et des picocellules. / Recently the use of modern cellular networks has drastically changed with the emerging Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) technology. Homogeneous networks which were initially designed for voice-centric and low data rates face unprecedented challenges for meeting the increasing traffic demands of high data-driven applications and their important quality of service requirements. Therefore, these networks are moving towards the so called Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets). HetNets represent a new paradigm for cellular networks as their nodes have different characteristics such as transmission power and radio frequency coverage area. Consequently, a HetNet shows completely different interference characteristics compared to homogeneous deployment and attention must be paid to these disparities when different tiers are collocated together. This is mostly due to the potential spectrum frequency reuse by the involved tiers in the HetNets. Hence, efficient inter-cell interference mitigation solutions in co-channel deployments of HetNets remain a challenge for both industry and academic researchers. This thesis focuses on LTE-A HetNet systems which are based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access (OFDMA) modulation. Our aim is to investigate the aggressive interference issue that appears when different types of base stations are jointly deployed together and especially in two cases, namely Macro-Femtocells and Macro-Picocells co-existence. We propose new practical power adjustment solutions for managing inter-cell interference dynamically for both cases. In the first part dedicated to Femtocells and Macrocell coexistence, we design a MBS-assisted femtocell power adjustment strategy which takes into account femtocells users performance while mitigating the inter-cell interference on victim macrocell users. Further, we propose a new cooperative and context-aware interference mitigation method which is derived for realistic scenarios involving mobility of users and their varying locations. We proved numerically that the Femtocells are able to maintain their interference under a desirable threshold by adjusting their transmission power. Our strategies provide an efficient means for achieving the desired level of macrocell/femtocell throughput trade-off. In the second part of the studies where Picocells are deployed under the umbrella of the Macrocell, we paid a special attention and efforts to the interference management in the situation where Picocells are configured to set up a cell range expansion. We suggest a MBS-assisted collaborative scheme powered by an analytical model to predict the mobility of Macrocell users passing through the cell range expansion area of the picocell. Our goal is to adapt the muting ratio ruling the frequency resource partitioning between both tiers according to the mobility behavior of the range-expanded users, thereby providing an efficient trade-off between Macrocell and Picocell achievable throughputs.
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Pico Cell Densification Study in LTE Heterogeneous NetworksCong, Guanglei January 2012 (has links)
Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) deployment has been considered as the main approach to boost capacity and coverage in Long Term Evolu-tion (LTE) networks in order to fulfill the huge future demand on mo-bile broadband usage. In order to study the improvement on network performance, i.e. capacity, coverage and user throughput, from pico cell densification in LTE HetNets, a network densification algorithm which determines the placement locations of the pico sites based on pathloss has been designed and applied to build several network models with different pico cell densities. The study has been taken based on a real radio network in a limited urban area using an advanced Matlab-based radio network simulator. The simulation results show that the network performance generally is enhanced by introducing more pico cells to the network.
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有效使用微型細胞降低行動數據傳輸量之方法研究 / The Effective Use of the Small-cell to Reduce the Amount of Mobile Data Transmission Research陳星詠 Unknown Date (has links)
隨著多元智慧型設備(如智慧型手機、筆記型電腦與平板電腦)的迅速普及,以及高效能行動網路之導入,行動寬頻市場之接受度持續快速提升中。已有越來越多的智慧型手機用戶,會在移動狀態中使用各式各樣應用及網際網路服務,預計未來十年內資訊流量將成長近百倍。
然而面對行動數據傳輸量的暴增,如何利用small-cell進行行動數據傳輸量的分流,是目前全球所有電信營運商及行動網路設備供應商所面臨的一大課題。若毫無篩選規劃的廣泛建置small-cell將耗費龐大的建置維護成本(包含設備、電路、人力及維運等支出),卻無法得到與投入成本相對應的行動數據傳輸量分流效益。
於本研究中,我們將建立一個small-cell覓點模型來有效找出真正需要分流行動數據傳輸量的地點來建置small-cell。由2010年Informa的統計資料可知,行動數據來源有住家屋內、辦公場所、交通運輸據點及公眾開放空間等四大部分。因交通運輸據點及公眾開放空間有直接較明顯的目標地點,如何精準找出住家及辦公場所亟需分流的地點為本論文研究之重點。
最後我們透過實驗並以off-load、throughput、建置成本及選點準確率等指標,驗證本研究所建立之small-cell覓點模型確實可有效找出需要分流行動數據傳輸量的地點。
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Small Cell Wireless Backhaul in Mobile Heterogeneous NetworksLegonkov, Pavel, Prokopov, Vasily January 2012 (has links)
Small cells are deployed in a crowded areas with a high demand for both coverage and capacity. It is hard to address both of these requirements simultaneous with a conventional mobile network architecture based on macro cells. In many case a wire is not available to connect the small cell to the core of the mobile network. Under these circumstances a wireless link could be a convenient solution for the backhaul. In this master’s thesis IEEE 802.11n technology was evaluated to assess its suitability for backhaul from a small wireless cell. The performance of wireless equipment manufactured by several vendors has been measured. The results of these measurements were analyzed and compared to a set of requirements established for small cell backhaul. The analysis has affirmed that IEEE 802.11n is capable of providing sufficient performance to be used for small cell backhaul in various deployment scenarios. Note that in this thesis we include femtocells, picocells, wireless LAN access points, and other technologies in the category of "small cells". Another research questions of this master’s thesis is security of small cell backhaul. In addition to protecting the backhaul link itself, the security research investigated the safety of the whole mobile network architecture remodeled with the introduction of small cells. A mechanism to integrate secure small cells into a mobile network was developed. The results obtained during the project will be used as an input for product development activities in the company hosting the project. The resulting product could become the target of future wireless system performance measurements. / Små celler sätts ut i områden med höga krav på täckning och kapacitet. Det är svårt att adressera båda dessa krav samtidigt med en konventionell mobil nätverksarkitektur baserad på makro-celler. I många fall finns ingen kabel tillgänglig att koppla den lilla cellen till kärnan i det mobila nätverket. Under dessa omständigheter kan en trådlös länk vara en lämplig lösning för backhaul. I denna avhandling utvärderas IEEE 802.11n-teknikens lämplighet för backhaul av små celler. Prestandan hos trådlös utrustning tillverkad av flera olika tillverkare har mätts. Resultaten av dessa mätningar analyserades och jämfördes med en mängd krav uppsatta för backhaul av små celler. Analysen har förankrat att IEEE 802.11n är kapabel till att tillhandahålla tillräcklig prestanda för backhaul av små celler i diverse miljöer. Notera att i denna avhandling så inkluderas femto-celler, pico-celler, Wireless LAN-åtkomstpunkter, och andra teknologier i kategorin små celler". Andra forskningsfrågor berörda i avhandlingen är säkerhet vid backhaul av små celler. Utöver att skydda backhaul-länken själv så undersökte säkerhetsforskningen säkerheten av hela mobilnätsarkitekturen när små celler används i arkitekturen. En mekanism för att integrera säkra små celler i ett mobilnät utvecklades. De resultat som införskaffades under projektets genomförande kommer att användas som input till produktutvecklingsaktiviteter hos företaget som sponsrade projektet. Den resulterande produkten skulle kunna bli mål för framtida prestandamätningar av trådlösa system.
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Radio Resource Management in LTE Networks : Load Balancing in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks / Gestion des ressources radio dans les réseaux LTEJouini, Hana 20 December 2017 (has links)
Face à la croissance exponentielle des réseaux mobiles très haut débit, les opérateurs de téléphonie mobile se sont lancé dans le déploiement des réseaux dits hiérarchiques (HetNet), composés par des sous-réseaux avec des caractéristiques divergentes en termes de type des cellules déployées et des technologies d’accès radio utilisées. Avec ce caractère hétérogène des réseaux cellulaire, l’exploitation de ces derniers devienne de plus en plus compliquée et coûteuse impliquant le déploiement, la configuration et la reconfiguration de stations de base et d’équipements de différentes caractéristiques. Ainsi, l’intégration dans les réseaux HetNet de fonctionnalités d’auto-configuration automatisant et simplifiant l’exploitation des réseaux deviennent une demande forte des opérateurs. Cette thèse a pour objectif l’étude et le développement de solutions de gestion dynamique de l’équilibrage de charges entre les différentes couches composant un même HetNet, pour une expérience utilisateur (QoE) améliorée. Dans ce contexte, une classe des algorithmes d’équilibrage de charges dite ‘équilibrage de charges par adaptation dynamique des paramètres de la procédure de handover’ est étudiée. Pour commencer, nous développons un modèle théorique basé sur des solutions et des outils de la géométrie stochastique et incorporant le caractère hétérogène des réseaux cellulaires. Ensuite nous exploitons ce modèle pour introduire des algorithmes d’adaptation des paramètres de handover basés sur la maximisation de la puissance reçue et du rapport signal/brouillage plus bruit (SINR). Nous exploitons ces résultats pour implémenter et étudier, par simulation à évènements discrets, des algorithmes d’équilibrage de charges dans le contexte des réseaux LTE HetNet auto-organisés basés sur les spécifications 3GPP. Ces travaux soulignent l’importance de l’équilibrage de charges afin de booster les performances des réseaux cellulaires en termes de débit global transmis, perte de paquets de données et utilisation optimisée des ressources radio. / High demands on mobile networks provide a fresh opportunity to migrate towardsmulti-tier deployments, denoted as heterogeneous network (HetNet), involving a mix of cell types and radio access technologies working together seamlessly. In this context, network optimisation functionalities such as load balancing have to be properly engineered so that HetNet benefit are fully exploited. This dissertation aims to develop tractable frameworks to model and analyze load balancing dynamics while incorporating the heterogeneous nature of cellular networks. In this context we investigate and analyze a class of load balancingstrategies, namely adaptive handover based load balancing strategies. These latter were firstly studied under the general heading of stochastic networks using independent and homogeneous Poisson point processes based network model. We propose a baseline model to characterize rate coverage and handover signalling in K-tier HetNet with a general maximum power based cell association and adaptive handover strategies. Tiers differ in terms of deployment density and cells characteristics (i.e. transmit power, bandwidth, and path loss exponent). One of the main outcomes is demonstrating the impact of offloading traffic from macro- to small-tier. This impact was studied in terms of rate coverage and HO signalling. Results show that enhancement in rate coverage is penalized by HO signalling overhead. Then appropriate algorithms of LB based adaptive HO are designed and their performance is evaluated by means of extensive system level simulations. These latter are conducted in 3GPP defined scenarios, including representation of mobility procedures in both connectedstate. Simulation results show that the proposed LB algorithms ensure performance enhancement in terms of network throughput, packet loss ratio, fairness and HO signalling.
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