The primary purpose of this study is to determine if three coping strategies (exercise, hobbies, and social support) were related to some or all of the three dimensions of burnout (Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment). One hundred and forty-three secondary school teachers from schools in urban and suburban areas of Eastern Canada participated in this study. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to assess burnout scores and a coping strategies questionnaire was used to assess participation in activities. Exercise and social support were positively related to the Personal Accomplishment dimension of burnout.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to identify the educational stressors that are the predominant sources of teacher distress and burnout, discover and classify the common and persistent distressful situations in the educational environment, and illustrate a variety of coping strategies that can be practically implemented at the secondary school level. The analyses of data were accomplished through the statistical use of t-tests, one-way analysis of variance tests, and qualitative exposition. The sample consisted of 446 secondary school instructors, selected senior high school and junior high school respondents from five high schools and five junior high schools in the Tucson area. The examination of 54 educational stressors was conducted under the auspices of six research hypotheses which identified the variables on which senior high school teachers and junior high school teachers differed. The independent variables that were investigated were: sex (male and female teachers), teaching experience (0 to 4 years of completed teaching experience, 5 to 9 years of completed teaching experience, 10 to 16 years of completed teaching experience, and 17 to 38 years of completed teaching experience), age (21 go 30 years of age, 31 to 40 years of age, 41 to 50 years of age, and 51 to 67 years of age), marital status (married, single, widowed, divorced, and separated), and types of college degrees (bachelor's, bachelor's plus, master's, and master's plus or doctorate). An additional 63 educational stressors were named by the secondary school participants and listed in the study. For the purpose of this study the researcher developed the Teacher Stress Survey which was given to the 10 Tucson secondary school teaching faculties. The survey consisted of five parts: (1)15 demographic items, (2)54 educational stressors and their degrees of discomfort, (3)common and persistent distressful educational situations in the secondary school environment, (4)the coping strategies used to reduce or dispel the stress in the distressful educational situations and their levels of effectiveness, and (5)more appropriate or better coping strategies that might have been used. Over 70% of the secondary school instructors responded. The immediate crises' situations involving teaching materials and personnel seemed to be more distreeful to junior high teachers than high school teachers whose primary concerns were centered on the school's misuse of power and authority and the teacher's struggle with inadequate salary and unrealistic educational expectations. The 20 educational stressors identified by female teachers involved all areas of the educational spectrum--from paperwork to the future of education--while male teachers evinced concern with the lack of adequate salary and inconsistent educational methods and philosophies. The teachers with the least experience showed the most distress, particularly in the areas of school policy and populace. The teachers with the most experience were concerned about teacher representation, salary, and materials. The oldest teachers had the greatest distress in their lack of control over assignment, salary, and subject matter as well as their feelings of lack of self-esteem through professional stagnation. The marital status of the teachers did have a significant effect derived from their dissatisfaction with salary, the power of the school board and the superintendent, lack of teaching materials, lack of job security, the derogatory public view of education, and the paperwork overload. The teachers with the least amounts of educational preparation had the greatest distress in school policy formulation and ineffective parental support while the secondary school teachers with the advanced degrees were most distressed about the assignment of school duties.

The primary purpose of this study was to assess the viability of selected subscales of an educational beliefs survey for use in educational planning and decision making. A secondary purpose was to determine if classroom practices of teachers in selected secondary schools were related to their instructional beliefs as measured through self-report instruments. Data collection involved two phases. The Teacher Beliefs Inventory was utilized for gathering data related to instructional beliefs. Demographic data was also gathered in the first phase of data collection. Teachers' instructional practices were assessed in phase two through use of the Instructional Practices Survey. These surveys were administered to secondary school teachers in one public school district in Pima County, Arizona. For each questionnaire, items were separately tabulated. The Teacher Control and Discipline and the Student Participation subscales of the Teacher Beliefs Inventory and the two Teacher-Centered and Student-Centered subscales of the Instructional Practices Survey were further analyzed. The subscales of each instrument were also combined as typologies in order to allow examination of the dimensions as interrelated rather than dichotomous factors. The surveys were analyzed independently and then in relationship to one another. Analysis of variance results indicated significant relationships between belief types and both student-centered (p = .0001) and teacher-centered (p < .0001) practices. Chi-square analysis established a relationship between belief and practice typologies (p = .0003) but did not establish the nature of the relationship. Latent class analysis indicated the data could be explained with a three-class model consisting of two cells which specify high-low relationships between the subscales and one quasi-independence class into which remaining cases would fall. This finding was consistent with positions found in the literature that conditional hierarchies may exist among belief dimensions. The findings support the use of the two subscales of the Teacher Beliefs Inventory which were investigated in this study. Those subscales have been organized and labeled the Instructional Beliefs Survey. The survey has several potential applications for educational planning and decision making. Obtained results can be used in staff development, teacher preservice education, curriculum development and program selection, and instructional supervision.

by Lee Wai Tong, Richard. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [133]-[142]). / Abstract / Acknowledgements / Tables / Contents page / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review: Recasting Approaches to Job Satisfaction Studies --- p.17 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- The Social Environment of the School --- p.48 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Culture and Efficacy in Instructing Students --- p.66 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Culture and Efficacy in Disciplining Students --- p.92 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.122 / References --- p.131 / Appendix

A three-phase study was conducted. In the first phase, individual interviews were conducted with 15 secondary school teachers to develop indigenous items for assessing teacher burnout and lack of reciprocity. In the second phase, 187 secondary school teachers were included to determine the items of newly-developed instruments and to examine their psychometric properties. In the third phase, the aims were to examine the validity and reliability of each measurement, to analysis the relations between teacher burnout and demographic variables, and to explore the relationship among lack of reciprocity, ERI, meaning of life and teacher burnout in a sample of 509 teachers from 25 secondary schools in Changchun, China. / According to the relationship between teacher burnout and demographic variables, results indicated that younger teachers reported more EE and DP. Teachers of junior rank reported more burnout. Teachers who taught Chinese, mathematics and English reported more experience of EE than teachers who taught other subjects. / Based on the social exchange theory of burnout, the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model, and the existential theory of burnout, the purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship among investment-reward imbalance, meaning of life, and burnout among Chinese secondary school teachers. As one of the key variables in this study, investment-reward imbalance included two operational definitions which were named lack of reciprocity and ERI. / Limitations, theoretical and practical implications of the findings were also discussed. / Results showed that, based on the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the newly-modified Burnout Measurement consisted of three subscales: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and reduced personal accomplishment (RPA). The self-developed Reciprocity Scale included three dimensions, namely, reciprocity in the relationship with students, intangible reciprocity in the relationship with the school, and tangible reciprocity in the relationship with the school. All measurements in this study were found to possess good validity and reliability. / Structural equation modeling was used to test a set of hypothetic models of the relationship among lack of reciprocity, ERI, meaning of life and teacher burnout. Results showed that, lack of reciprocity in the relationship with students positively influenced FE and RPA. Lack of intangible reciprocity in the relationship with the school was positively associated with RPA. Lack of tangible reciprocity in the relationship with the school was positively associated with EE. Among the three dimensions of lack of reciprocity, lack of reciprocity in the relationship with students is a more important predictor to teacher burnout than other components. ERI was positively associated with EE. Considering the two operational definitions of investment-reward imbalance in the prediction of teacher burnout, lack of reciprocity predicted RPA better than ERI, while ERI predicted EE better than lack of reciprocity. Meaning of life was negatively associated with EE, DP and RPA. In addition, results supported the hypothesis that EE influenced DP on the structure of teacher burnout. / 李歆瑤. / Advisers: Patrick S. Y. Lau; Alvin S. M. Leung. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-03, Section: A, page: 0875. / Thesis (doctoral)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 138-153). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Li Xinyao.

by Law Ning Chi. / Added t.p. in Chinese and English. / Thesis (M.A.Ed.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.i / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.iii / INTRODUCTION / Background of the study --- p.1 / Purpose of the study --- p.5 / Concept of humor --- p.6 / Concept of burnout --- p.8 / REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE / Humor / Some of the early humor theories --- p.11 / Humor in education --- p.14 / Measure of sense of humor --- p.20 / Burnout / Prevalence of teacher burnout --- p.22 / Symptoms of teacher burnout --- p.23 / Sources of stress and burnout --- p.25 / Measure of burnout --- p.27 / Humor and Burnout --- p.29 / METHOD / Measures --- p.33 / Hypothesis --- p.35 / Pilot Study --- p.36 / Main Study --- p.36 / RESULTS / Reliability of Instruments --- p.40 / General Comparisons --- p.40 / Relation between Humor and Burnout --- p.46 / Prediction of Burnout by Humor --- p.54 / DISCUSSION / Teacher Burnout Phenomenon in Hong Kong --- p.64 / "Teachers' Background Characteristics, Humor, and Burnout" --- p.64 / Humor and Burnout --- p.66 / Recommendations for Future Research --- p.68 / REFERENCES / APPENDICES

張秋芳. / "2006年8月" / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2006. / 參考文獻(leaves 81-100). / "2006 nian 8 yue" / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Zhang Qiufang. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2006. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 81-100). / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1-4 / Chapter 1.1 --- 研究背景 --- p.1-2 / Chapter 1.2 --- 硏究目的 --- p.2-3 / Chapter 1.3 --- 研究意義 --- p.3-4 / Chapter 第二章 --- 文獻綜述 --- p.5-9 / Chapter 2.1 --- 作文批改的硏究 --- p.5-8 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- 硏究作文批改的方法 --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- 硏究作文批改的焦點 --- p.5-6 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- 硏究作文批改的評語 --- p.6-8 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- 小結 --- p.7-9 / Chapter 2.2 --- 後設認知的理念(The concept of metacognition) --- p.9-18 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- 理念源起 --- p.9-10 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- "後設認知知識(knowledge of the cognition, metacognitive knowledge)" --- p.10-14 / Chapter (1) --- 陳述性知識(declarative knowledge) --- p.10-11 / Chapter I. --- 個體知識(person category) --- p.11 / Chapter II. --- 課業知識(task category) --- p.11-12 / Chapter III. --- 策略知識(strategy category) --- p.12 / Chapter (2) --- 程序性知識(procedural knowledge) --- p.12-13 / Chapter (3) --- 條件性知識(conditional knowledge) --- p.13-14 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- 後設認知調控(regulation of cognition) --- p.14-18 / Chapter (1) --- 計劃(planning) --- p.15 / Chapter (2) --- 信息處理策略（information management strategy) --- p.15-16 / Chapter (3) --- 監控(monitoring) --- p.16-17 / Chapter (4) --- 清除障礙策略(debugging strategies) --- p.17-18 / Chapter (5) --- 評估(evaluation) --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- 小結 --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3 --- 後設認知的硏究方法及本硏究模式的依據 --- p.18-25 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- 問卷量表的模式 --- p.18-19 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- 訪談模式 --- p.19-23 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- 有聲思考模式 --- p.23-24 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- 小結 --- p.24-25 / Chapter 2.4 --- 文獻綜述總結 --- p.25-26 / Chapter 第三章 --- 研究方法 --- p.27-36 / Chapter 3.1 --- 研究對象 --- p.27-32 / Chapter 3.2 --- 研究工具 --- p.27-32 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- 批改工具：學生作文樣本 --- p.27-29 / Chapter (1) --- 作文次數 --- p.27-28 / Chapter (2) --- 年級 --- p.28 / Chapter (3) --- 水平 --- p.28 / Chapter (4) --- 體裁 --- p.28 / Chapter (5) --- 文體字數 --- p.28 / Chapter (6) --- 實驗前樣本處理 --- p.28-29 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- 分析工具：訪談問題 --- p.29-32 / Chapter (1) --- 訪談問題的理念依據 --- p.29-30 / Chapter (2) --- 訪談問題的設計特色 --- p.30 / Chapter (3) --- 訪談問題的樣本 --- p.31-32 / Chapter 3.3 --- 硏究程序 --- p.33-34 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- 教師批改作文的程序 --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- 硏究員現場觀察記錄 --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- 提問問題 --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- 攝影及錄音 --- p.34 / Chapter 3.4 --- 硏究資料分析架構 --- p.34-35 / Chapter 3.5 --- 訪談資料的處理 --- p.36 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- 書面轉譯 --- p.36 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- 建立後設認知分析指標及編碼的過程 --- p.36 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- 後設認知分析指標及編碼的信度 --- p.36 / Chapter 第四章 --- 硏究結果報告及討論 --- p.37-72 / Chapter 4.1 --- 受試者個人的後設認知表現 --- p.37-52 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- 教師甲的個人檔案 --- p.37-40 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- 教師乙的個人檔案 --- p.40-43 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- 教師丙的個人檔案 --- p.43-48 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- 教師丁的個人檔案 --- p.48-52 / Chapter 4.1.5 --- 小結 --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2 --- 四位受試者相同、不同的後設認知表現 --- p.53-72 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- 非在線相同、不同的後設認知表現 --- p.53-59 / Chapter (1) --- 陳述性知識(declarative knowledge) --- p.53-59 / Chapter I. --- 個體知識(person category) --- p.53-54 / Chapter II. --- 課業知識(task category) --- p.55-56 / Chapter III. --- 策略知識(strategy category) --- p.56-57 / Chapter (2) --- 程序性知識(procedural knowledge) --- p.57-58 / Chapter (3) --- 條件性知識(conditional knowledge) --- p.58-59 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- 小結 --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- 在線相同、不同的後設認知表現 --- p.60-72 / Chapter (1) --- 計劃(planning) --- p.60-61 / Chapter (2) --- 訊息處理策略(information management strategy) --- p.61-63 / Chapter (3) --- 監控(monitoring) --- p.63-67 / Chapter (4) --- 清除障礙策略(debugging strategy) --- p.67-71 / Chapter (5) --- 評估(evaluation) --- p.71-72 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- 小結 --- p.72 / Chapter 4.3 --- 後設認知硏究在作文批改範疇的獨特之處 --- p.73-75 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- 教師對批改對象的獨特之處 --- p.73-74 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- 教師對課業理解的獨特之處 --- p.74-75 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- 小結 --- p.75 / Chapter 4.4. --- 第四章總結 / Chapter 第五章 --- 總結 --- p.77-80 / Chapter 5.1 --- 硏究結果撮要 --- p.77_79 / Chapter 5.2 --- 硏究限制 --- p.80 / Chapter 5.3 --- 建議 --- p.79-80 / 參考書目 --- p.81-92 / 表格 / 表一 Straub(2000)歸納教師的批改的焦點及方式 --- p.7 / 表二 後設認知闡述以及教師批改作文行爲的後設認知槪念闡述 --- p.19-20 / 表三 訪談問題 --- p.31-32 / 表四 本硏究的程序以及模式 --- p.33 / 表五 資料分析架構 --- p.34-35 / 附錄文件 / 附錄一 Schraw &Dennison(1994)後設認知覺知指標（Metacognitive Awareness Inventory，MAI) --- p.93-95 / 附錄二 受訪者的分析結果 --- p.4份 / 註釋　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 --- p.96-100

Change is the central feature of our current age. The past two decades has not only witnessed the surge of emotion study in education, but also a return of large-scale change in the global educational filed. Given this context, the Senior Secondary School (SSS) curriculum reform in Mainland China, which has been put into practice since September 2004, can be regarded as a local response to this global trend. / There has been an emotional revolution in the field of social science since the beginning of the 1980s; emotion has gradually become a remarkable research topic in many subjects encompassing philosophy, sociology, psychology, history, and anthropology, etc. Accompanying this emotional revolution is an unceasing increase of research on emotion in the field of education since the middle of 1990s. However, compared with the emotional studies in the domains of teaching and educational leadership, there is far less than sophisticated understanding of teacher emotion during the process of curriculum implementation in the literature. / This research is informed by symbolic interactionism in interpreting the relationship between curriculum implementation and teachers' emotions. To be more specific, all research findings are integrated into a 3-level "Self-Interaction-Society" framework. On the level of self, emotion is the product of teachers' efforts to reframe their identities in curriculum implementation, and teachers' emotional labor reflects their presentation of self by the use of emotions. On the level of human interaction, teachers' emotions are influenced by the emotional geographies and emotional dilemmas, which respectively result from "teacher-others" interactions and "reform-situation" tensions in curriculum implementation. On the level of social structure, teachers are not only constrained by the particular emotional rules in curriculum implementation, but also employ many strategies to cope with the constraints of the situations, which effectively bridges the interactions between the curriculum implementation and teachers' emotions. / Through the exploration of teachers' emotions and changes in curriculum implementation, this research adds the once-neglected dimension of teacher emotion into curriculum implementation research. This research finds the adaptive functions that teachers play in curriculum implementation, confirms teacher's position as change agent in reform, and recognizes the value of cultural-individual perspective in understanding curriculum implementation and teachers' emotions. These findings remind us that if curriculum implementation wants to achieve the ideal effects, reformers need to take into consideration subjective meanings that individual teachers attach to the reform. Teachers' emotions are one integral part of the meanings. Furthermore, they also need to concern the reciprocal influences between the subjective meanings and curriculum implementation. When the pace of large-scale reform and individual teachers' emotional and behavioral changes are well accommodated, curriculum implementation is more likely to achieve its goals. These findings bring some implications for the implementation of SSS curriculum reform in Mainland China. (Abstract shortened by UMI.) / 尹弘飈. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2006. / 參考文獻(p. 230-252). / Advisers: Chi Kin John Lee; Sin Pui Cheung. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-03, Section: A, page: 0868. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2006. / Can kao wen xian (p. 230-252). / Yin Hongbiao.