Se presenta un análisis de los modelos de producción que subyacen bajo la agricultura comercial. El área de estudio escogida, por cuestiones de idoneidad científica, es la franja litoral de la actual provincia de Barcelona, integrada en la provincia Hispania citerior y el periodo de estudio abarca desde el siglo II a. C. hasta el siglo II d. C. Además de indagar acerca de los distintos modelos de producción, se analiza el proceso de romanización al completo, desde la fractura de la región ibérica hasta la configuración de los distintos territoria romanos en los que fue dividida. Junto a otras unidades de centros rurales, el objeto de estudio preferente serán las uillae rusticae, unidades productivas que sustentan el sistema uilla.

This thesis investigates Iberian communities in central Hispania Citerior during the Roman Republic. I demonstrate the usefulness of an actor-network approach for understanding a topic characterised by scarce archaeological datasets. This approach is not intended to create a new narrative for Roman Provincial Studies but instead allows us to ask new questions: what was at stake for these communities? What was of interest to the Iberians? How did things happen? Iberians lived primarily in small, often fortified settlements in elevated locations, although some larger settlements are known and during the Republic many sites were abandoned for new locations on flatter ground. I find that throughout the period settlements were often clustered, creating communities distributed in small groups of sites. These Iberian groups grew versatile staple crops in a variety of locations but may have tailored additional crops to regional environmental conditions. I consider the potential for collaboration in the autumn ploughing and conclude that any such collaboration must have relied on dense and wide relationships given changing patterns of variability in rainfall. I show differences within coin circulation that suggest Iberian coins were part of distinct sets of relationships. I also test the ability of carts to pass over various long-distances routes and find that some coins were bound up in the same assemblages as cart transport. The thesis positions the interface between all these different assemblages as crucial to further work on these communities.

Du Ve s. au Ier s. a.C., l’espace transpyrénéen compris entre l’Èbre et la Garonne, reliant la Méditerranée à l’Atlantique, se situe au carrefour de différentes aires culturelles : la Gaule celtique, la péninsule Ibérique, l’Aquitaine, les cités grecques, mais aussi Rome. En raison du manque de sources littéraires ou de l’insuffisance des données archéologiques, notre connaissance des populations indigènes demeure fragmentaire. Cette lacune ne peut être comblée que par l’étude des vestiges matériels qu’elles nous ont laissés. Aussi, la monnaie peut fournir des données cruciales car elle représente non seulement un témoin privilégié des relations entre communautés protohistoriques, mais constitue également, du fait de sa valeur symbolique, le reflet même de ces sociétés. Il a semblé nécessaire d’aborder le fait monétaire sous un œil nouveau et de se démarquer des approches numismatiques traditionnelles (souvent cloisonnées à des considérations iconographiques et typologiques), dont les interprétations débouchent généralement sur un discours déconnecté des réalités humaines et historiques. La monnaie étant la manifestation d’un état social, ce travail propose d’appréhender sous un angle transdisciplinaire (archéologique, économique, numismatique, statistique et anthropologique) la complexité et la variété des pratiques monétaires. L’une des questions primordiales reste liée à l’apparition du monnayage. Dans cette perspective, il s’est avéré essentiel de déterminer les rythmes, les modalités, et les agents de sa diffusion. Répondant à des origines plurielles, l’introduction de la monnaie dans les échanges implique toute une série de changements structurels dont nous essayons de mesurer l’impact social, économique et politique. D’autre part, une analyse des différents monnayages, nous a mené à caractériser les réalités ethniques, les flux commerciaux, les changements politico-culturels, ainsi que les influences provenant d’environnements plus éloignés. Cette approche a également permis de distinguer des tendances historiques, ainsi que des domaines culturels singuliers. Plus largement, la réflexion se centre sur la place de la monnaie au sein de ces sociétés protohistoriques : quel est son rôle, son importance ? À qui et à quoi sert-elle ? Ces interrogations ont pour objectif de mieux saisir les modalités d’échanges au second âge du Fer. Pour la première fois, ce travail esquisse un panorama monétaire et économique intelligible entre l’apparition des premières espèces monnayées et la mise en place du système monétaire romain. / From the fifth to the first century b.C., the space between the Ebro and the Garonne, which joins the Mediterranean to the Atlantic, is located at the crossroads of various cultural areas : the Celtic Gaul, the Iberian Peninsula, the Aquitaine, the greek cities, as well as Rome. Due to the lack of literary sources and archaeological data, our knowledge of indigenous peoples remains limited. This gap can be filled by the study of archeological materials. Among them, the coinage can provide crucial data because it represents a strong evidence of relations between the different protohistoric communities. In addition to that, owing to its symbolic value, money becomes a genuine expression of protohistoric societies. It seemed necessary to study the coinage in a new light so as to stand out from traditional numismatic approaches often restricted to iconographic and typological considerations. Those interpretations generally lead to a discourse too far from human and historical realities. The coins represent an evidence of a social reality. This work proposes a transdisciplinary point of view (archaeological, economic, numismatics, statistical and anthropological) to learn more about the complexity and the variety of monetary practices. One of the main issues remains the emergence of coinage. In this perspective, it was essential to define rhythms, modes, and also agents involved in its circulation. From various origins, the insertion of money within trade involves a series of structural changes : we try to measure their social, economic and political impacts. On the other hand, an analysis of different coinages drove us to characterize together ethnic realities, trade flows, political and cultural changes, as well as influences coming from more or less distant areas. This approach has also led us to distinguish historical trends and singular cultural fields. More generally, this approach focuses on the role of money in these protohistoric societies : which role does it play, what is its weight? What is it used for and whom does it serve? These questions aim to understand the features of trade during the second Iron Age. For the first time, this work outlines a monetary and economic panorama from the first coining to the advent of the Roman system.