<p>Bakterije koje kolonizuju želudac (Gastrospirillum spp. i Helicobacter spp.) su izolovane kod čoveka i nekoliko animalnih vrsta, uključujući i svinje. Gastritis je rezultat prirodne ili eksperimentalno izazvane infekcije sa H. pylori kod čoveka i konvencionalnih prasića. Kod obe vrste (čovek i svinja), infekcija sa H. pylori pokreće inflamatorni odgovor organizma, međutim postoje razlike u ćelijskoj populaciji u inflamatornom infiltratu. Cilj istraživanja ove disertaciji je identifikacija bakterije Helicobacter spp., različite morfologije (Helicobacter-like organisms and Gastrospirillum-like organisms), kao i patohistolo&scaron;ki pregled i evaluacija gastritisa svinja uzgajanih na intenzivni i ekstenzivni način. Uzeti su uzorci mukoze pars oesophagea, fundusa i pilorusa. Za identifikaciju bakterije Helicobacter spp. kori&scaron;ćene su dve metode bojenja: Loefflermethylene blue i modifikovana Giemsa. Za histolo&scaron;ko ispitivanje, uzorci su obojeni i hematoksilin eozinom (H&amp;E). Stepen gastritisa je određen prema Sidnejskom sistemu za klasifikaciju gastritisa. U humanoj a i u veterinarskoj patologiji, dobro je poznata činjenica o različitoj patogenosti različitih bakterija Helicobacter vrsta. Helicobacter bakterije izolovane iz želuca svinja pripadaju različitim vrstama ovog roda i međusobno se bitno razlikuju kako po patogenosti, tako i po virulentnosti. Tako na primer, Helicobacter&ndash;like bakterije koje su okarakterisane kao visoko patogene, mogu izazvati ulceracije ezofagealnog ili glandularnog dela želuca, gastritis ozbiljnog stepena i formiranje limfoidnih folikula. Rezultati na&scaron;eg istraživanja pokazuju da je stepen gastritisa veći u piloričnoj mukozi HLO-pozitivnih svinja u poređenju sa vrednostima GLO-pozitivnih svinja. Nije postojala pozitivna korelacija između infekcije bakterijama GLO morfologije i ulceracija. Za razliku od perzistentnih infekcija sa H. pylori kod ljudi kod kojih je te&scaron;ka glandularna atrofija udružena sa intestinalnom metaplazijom veoma česta, kod ispitivanih svinja iz</p><p><br /><br />intenzivnog i ekstenzivnog načina uzgoja nisu potvrđeni slučajevi atrofičnog gastritisa i intestinalne metaplazije. Konvencionalne svinje mogu poslužiti kao animalni model infekcije sa H. pylori jer su svinje u funkcionalnom smislu monogastrične životinje po anatomskim i fiziolo&scaron;kim karakteristikama, vrlo slične čoveku. Takođe, patogeneza infekcije je veoma slična kao kod čoveka. Navedene činjenice podržavaju mogućnost upotrebe ovog modela u daljem istraživanju patogeneze nastanka Helicobacter spp. gastritisa. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pružaju dodatni dokaz da HLO mogu biti faktor koji igra krucijalnu ulogu u patogenezi gastritisa kod svinja.&nbsp;<br />Datum</p> / <p>Bacteria that colonize the stomach (Helicobacter spp. and Gastrospirillum spp.) are isolated from humans and several animal species, including pigs. Gastritis is the result of a natural or experimental induced infection with H. pylori in humans and conventionally pigs. In both, humans and pigs, the infection with H. pylori elicited inflammatory response, but there are differences between populations of inflammatory cells. The aims of this dissertation are to identify&nbsp; spp. with two different morphology (Helicobacter-like organisms and Gastrospirillumlike organisms), as well as histolopathological examination and evaluation of gastritis score of gastric mucosa of pigs in intensive and extensive production. Biopsy samples were taken from the pars oesophagea, fundic and pyloric mucosa. For identification of Helicobacter species morphology we used two stain methods: Loeffler-methylene blue and modified Giemsa. All tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) for histopathological evaluation. The severity of gastritis was scored to the Sydney System for the classification of gastritis. In human as well as in veterinary pathology, the fact of the different pathogenicity of various Helicobacter species is well known. The Helicobacter spp. isolated from stomach mucosa of pigs which belong to different genus, differ significantly in both, pathogenicity and virulence. Helicobacter pylori-like bacteria characterised as high pathogenic, has been associated with ulceration of the oesophageal or glandular portion of the stomach, severe gastritis and formation of lymphoid follicles. On the contrast, infection with Helicobacter heilmannii, which has been shown to have low pathogenicity was accompanied by only mild gastritis and no ulceration. The results of current study suggested that the average gastritis score was higher in HLO-positive pyloric mucosa, compared</p><p><br /><br />with the GLO-positive pyloric mucosa. There was signifficance between HLO-positive and HLO-negative pyloric mucosa in both, intensive and extensive production. There was no correlation between GLO-positive mucosa and ulceration. In contrast to persistent H. pylori infection in humans in which severe glandular atrophy associated with intestinal metaplasia is very common, in examined pigs from intensive and extensive breeding, no samples exhibited histological features characteristic for atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia have been confirmed in pigs of both production systems. The conventional piglets as an animal model of the human H. pylori infection offers advantages of a functional monogastric animal with gastric anatomic and physiologic characteristics similar to those of humans. Moreover, the infection and pathogenesis is similar to that in humans. These facts support the usefulness of this model in further research on the pathogenic mechanisms of Helicobacter spp. associated gastritis. Our findings provide further evidence that HLO can be one of the factors that playing a crucial role in the pathogenesis of gastritis in pigs.<br />Accepted</p>

<p>U grliću materice se histolo&scaron;ki razlikuju dva regiona: ektocerviks (vaginalna porcija) i endocervikalni deo. Osnovna histolo&scaron;ka razlika između ovih delova se ogleda u epitelu koji oblaže sluznicu. Histolo&scaron;ke osobenosti endocervikalnog dela grlića materice u dostupnoj literaturi nisu detaljno proučene i postoje mnoga neodgovorena pitanja u pogledu op&scaron;tih kvantitativnih morfolo&scaron;kih karakteristika, kao i u pogledu dobno zavisnih promena ovih parametara. Takođe, podaci u vezi odeljka i tipa ćelijske populacije odgovorne za regeneracija epitela u endocerviksu su u dostupnoj literaturi heterogeni i nisu jasno precizirani. U ovoj studiji su morfometrijskim metodama (linearnim i stereolo&scaron;kim merenjem) analizirani histolo&scaron;ki preparati grlića materice obojeni standarnim hematoksilin /eozin bojenjem i imunohistohemijskim metodama (Ki-67, p63 i CK17) s ciljem da se odrede prosečne i referentne vrednosti op&scaron;tih histolo&scaron;kih parametara i ćelijske populacije odgovorne za regeneraciju epitela endocervikalnog dela grlića materice. Analiziran je broj endocervikalnih žlezda po santimetru dužine endocerviksa, dubina endocervikalnih žlezda, visina endocervikalnog epitela, volumenske gustine strome, žlezda, lumena žlezda i epitela, kao i volumenske gustine proliferativnih ćelija (p63+/CK17+ u odnosu na p63-/CK17-) u endocervikalnom epitelu. Obrađeno je ukupno 140 isečaka grlića materice, koji su podeljeni u dve grupe: grupa bez patolo&scaron;kih promena i grupa sa odabranim benignim procesima u endocerviksu. Isečci bez patolo&scaron;kih promena su podeljeni na osnovu godina starosti pacijentkinja u 5 podgrupa kako bi se utvrdilo da li postoje dobno zavisne razlike u vrednostima navedenih parametara. Na osnovu rezultata ovog istraživanja referentna vrednost broja endocervikalnih žlezda po santimetru dužine je 13 - 29 žl/cm, dubine endocervikalnih žlezda je 1,3 - 4 mm a visine epitelnih ćelija endocerviksa je 24 - 46 &mu;m. Kod žena starosti preko 60 godina broj bazalnih ćelija endocervikalnog epitela opada u odnosu na mlađe pacijentkinje. Kod perimenopauzalnih žena, starosti od 40 do 49 godina, je nađena najveća prosečna vrednost dubine endocervikalnih žlezda, prosečne visine epitela endocerviksa, kao i najveći ukupni proliferativni indeks u endocervikalnom epitelu. U svim ispitivanim grupama, analizom volumenskih gustina regeneratornih ćelija endocervikalne sluznice (Ki-67 pozitivnih ćelija) u odnosu na druge imunohistomijske karakteristike (p63 i CK17 pozitivnost), rezultati dobijeni u ovoj disertaciji ukazuju na činjenicu da u endocervikalnom delu grlića materice postoje dva izvora regeneratornih ćelija.</p> / <p>In histologic terms, there are two different regions in the cervix: ectocervix (vaginal portion) and endocervical part. The main histologic difference between these two parts is reflected in the epithelium that coats the mucous. Histologic irregularities of the endocervical part of the cervix have not been studied in details in the available literature and there are many unanswered questions relating to general quantitative morphological features, as well as regarding age-dependent changes of such parameters. In addition, data from the available literature relating to the section and type of cell population responsible for epithelium regeneration in endocervix is heterogenous and not sufficiently precise. In this study, morphometric methods were used (by linear and stereologic measuring) to conduct histologic analysis of cervical preparations stained by standard hematoxylin/eosin stains, and immunohistochemical methods (Ki-67, p63 and CK17) with a goal to determine the average and reference values of general histologic parameters and cell populations responsible for regeneration of the epithelium of the endocervical part of cervix. The number of endocervical glands per centimetre of endocervix lenght, the depth of endocervical glands, the hight of endocervical epithelium, volumetric densities of stroma, glands, glands&#39; lumen and epithelium, as well the volumetric densities of proliferative cells (p63+/CK17+ in relation to p63-/CK17-) in endocervical epithelium were analysed. A total of 140 cervical cuttings was processed, and they were divided into two groups: a group without pathologic changes and a group with chosen benign processes in the endocervix. Cuttings with no pathologic changes were divided into 5 subgroups on the basis of patients&#39; age in order to determine if there are any age-dependent differences in the values of the mentioned parameters. On the basis of the results of this research, the reference value for the number of endocervical glands per centimetre of lenght is 13 - 29 gl/cm, for the depth of endocervical glands is 1.3 - 4 mm and for the hight of endocervical epithelium cells is 24 - 46 &mu;m. With women older than 60, the number of basal cells of endocervical epithelium drops compared to younger patients. The biggest average value of the depth of endocervical glands, average hight of endocervical epithelium, as well as the biggest total proliferative index in the endocervical epithelium were found with women in perimenopause, age between 40 and 49. In all examined groups, by analysing the volumetric densities of regenerative cells of the endocervical mucus (Ki-67 positive cells) in relation to other immunohistochemical features (p63 and CK17 positivity), the results obtained in this dissertation indicate that there are two sources of regerative cells in the endocervical part of the cervix.</p>

Submitted by Pedro Silva Filho (pfsilva@ipen.br) on 2017-11-17T17:09:23Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-17T17:09:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O câncer de próstata (CaP) é a segunda causa mais comum de câncer em homens. De acordo com o INCA, no Brasil, em 2016, estimam-se aproximadamente 61.200 novos casos de câncer de próstata. Objetivo: Identificar as características demográficas e epidemiológicas, bem como dados do estadiamento tumoral dos pacientes com CaP atendidos na Unidade de Oncologia do Hospital Marcio Cunha na cidade de Ipatinga-MG nos anos de 2012, 2013 e 2014. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo e descritivo onde foram analisados 668 prontuários de pacientes, com registro do diagnóstico anatomopatológico, atendidos nos anos de 2012, 2013 e 2014, conforme lista fornecida pela instituição, com diagnóstico de CaP cadastrados com CID-10 - C 61. As variáveis analisadas foram: procedência, ano do diagnóstico, faixa etária, raça autodeclarada, fatores de risco como tabagismo, etilismo, história familiar de CaP, PSA total ao diagnóstico, tipo histológico da biópsia, score de Gleason da biópsia, tipo histológico da peça cirúrgica, score de Gleason da peça cirúrgica. Os dados foram analisados empregando-se estatística descritiva e inferencial, utilizando o software SPSS, versão 19.0. Resultados: A maior incidência de casos de CaP foram provenientes das cidades mais populosas da microrregião de saúde analisada e faixa etária mais prevalente foi entre 61 e 80 anos com prevalência em pardos e brancos e com histórico familiar de 17,2% de parentes de primeiro grau; com o pai em 37,3%, o irmão em 60,8% e filho em 1,9%. Apenas 165 (25,9 %) eram fumantes e 20,8% etilistas. Os níveis de PSA ficaram entre 4,1ng/ e 10ng/ml (49,5%) e quanto maior a faixa etária maiores os valores do PSA. Pacientes pardos apresentaram PSA total mais elevado. Ao avaliarmos se existia relação entre os níveis de PSA total com fatores de risco como tabagismo, etilismo e histórico familiar, somente houve relação estatisticamente significativa com o etilismo. Houve concordância do score de Gleason entre biópsia e peça cirúrgica em 70%, subgraduação em 18,7% e supergraduação em 11,3%. Comparando a idade dos pacientes com Score de Gleason, quanto maior a idade do paciente maior foi o Score de Gleason do material obtido pela biópsia via transretal Pacientes tabagistas e etilistas apresentaram Score de Gleason da peça cirúrgica mais elevados. Conclusão: A concordância entre o Score de Gleason da biópsia e o Score de Gleason da peça cirúrgica foi de 70%; etilistas apresentaram PSA mais elevados; quanto maior foi a faixa etária, mais indiferenciado foi o tumor ( biópsia); pacientes tabagistas e etilistas apresentaram tumores mais indiferenciados na peça cirúrgica; este é o primeiro estudo epidemiológico de CaP desenvolvido na região do Vale do Aço, a caracterização sócio demográfica e as associações aqui encontradas podem contribuir com programas para desenvolver ações de controle do CaP nesta região. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Introdução: A terapia com ondas de choque tem sido proposta como forma de tratamento para doença de Peyronie, mesmo não se conhecendo exatamente qual o mecanismo de ação das ondas de choque na placa fibrótica desta doença. A principal hipótese postulada para o mecanismo de ação é a neovascularização estimulada pelas ondas de choque, com conseqüente liberação de óxido nítrico e diminuição dos fatores inflamatórios através da ação dos macrófagos. Alguns estudos em humanos mostraram resultados favoráveis na melhora da dor peniana e do desempenho sexual após utilização da terapia com ondas de choque, no entanto até o momento não existe nenhum trabalho demonstrando a existência de lesões no tecido peniano adjacente à placa fibrótica, ou até mesmo se há formação de novas placas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é determinar a existência de lesões estruturais teciduais no pênis de coelhos, após a utilização da terapia com ondas de choque. Métodos: Para o estudo foram utilizados vinte e cinco coelhos machos adultos da linhagem New Zeeland White, divididos em três grupos: Grupo I: Controle - Composto por cinco animais, que foram submetidos a três sessões de ondas de choque, com dois mil disparos cada, de intensidade de 15 KV; neste grupo, foi colocada uma placa protetora de borracha entre o equipamento de litotripsia e o pênis. Os animais foram sacrificados sete dias após a última sessão. Grupo II: Tratado com avaliação precoce - Composto por dez animais que foram submetidos a três sessões de ondas de choque, com dois mil disparos, de intensidade de 15 KV, diretamente sobre o pênis. Os animais foram sacrificados após sete dias da última sessão. Grupo III: Tratado com avaliação tardia - Composto por dez animais que foram submetidos a três sessões de ondas de choque, com dois mil disparos, de intensidade de 15 KV, diretamente sobre o pênis. Os animais foram sacrificados noventa dias após a última sessão para análise histológica e morfométrica. Resultados: Macroscopicamente foram observados hematomas, petéquias e equimoses em 100% e uretrorragia em 57,9% dos animais dos grupos tratados, sintomas esses que regrediram após 48 horas. Microscopicamente foram observadas lesões como degeneração da camada basal somente no grupo tratado com avaliação precoce em 55,6%, papilomatose e acantose nos dois grupos tratados em 22,2%, congestão da derme em 100% dos animais do grupo tratado com avaliação precoce e 80% dos animais do grupo tratado com avaliação tardia e espessamento da túnica albugínea em 80% dos animais do grupo tratado com avaliação tardia. A histomorfometria da túnica albugínea mostrou média de 16,6% de fibras de colágeno no grupo controle, 20,9% no tratado com avaliação precoce e 49,1% no tratado com avaliação tardia (p<0,001) causando desorganização e remodelamento da túnica. Não houve diferença estatística na porcentagem de fibras musculares nos corpos cavernosos entre os grupos, sendo a média no grupo controle de 54,6%, no grupo tratado com avaliação precoce de 56,1% e no grupo tratado com avaliação tardia de 47,8% (p=0,214). Conclusão: A terapia com ondas de choque é um método que produz lesões teciduais em todos os planos do pênis com aumento da quantidade das fibras de colágeno na túnica albugínea e provocando assim um remodelamento e desorganização da túnica albugínea / Introduction: Extracorporeal shockwaves (ESWL) have been proposed as a treatment for Peyronie\'s disease. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine whether there is any injury to the normal penile tissue during ESWL in rabbits. Methods: 25 adult male NZW rabbits undergone to 3 sessions of ESWL . Divided into 3 groups: Group I(no shock) - 5 animals. Group II(Short-term effect) - 10 animals, sacrificed 7 days. Group III(Long-term effect) - 10 animals evaluated 90 days after the last session. The penile tissue was analyzed. Results: Macroscopically was observed the presence of hematomas, petechias and equimosis. Histological evaluation demonstrated the presence of basal cell degeneration, papilomathosis, acanthosis, congestion and fibrosis of the albuginea with increase of collagen fibers. Conclusion: ESWL produce injury in all tissues of the penis

Microchimerism arises from the exchange of cells between genetically distinct individuals. The coexistence of genetically distinct cell populations within a single organism has possible effects on health and functioning of individuals immune systems, but the exact mechanisms of action are often not yet known. With the development of microscopic technologies and software for data analysis, the possibilities of detection and phenotyping of these rare cell populations are expanding. My intention in this work is to find maternal microchimerism in embryonic tissues (E13) and intestines of breastfed pups using MHCII/EGFP knock-in mouse model. Several different technologies potentially suitable for the detection of maternal microchimeric cells in offspring tissues (light sheet fluorescent microscopy - LSFM, virtual slide microscopy and flow cytometry) were selected. Advanced analysis of the obtained samples from the light sheet microscopy using the creation of a neural network was used here. The presence of maternal microchimerism was not demonstrated by flow cytometry. Using LSFM, image data were obtained from intestinal samples of suckling pups, which were processed by the neural network method. Data analysis of embryos (E13) obtained by the same method did not allow data analysis due to high...

Many have been searching for and contemplating the origins of syphilis. By understanding its emergence as a human pathogen we will be better able to elucidate its evolution through time and space as well as shed light on its current state. Ancient DNA techniques used to isolate Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum DNA from archaeological human specimens provides direct evidence of its existence in the past. To date, only Kolman et al. (1999) have been successful in this endeavour. Along with this protocol, two other published protocols and novel allele specific techniques this thesis aims to add new cases of venereal syphilis identification from historic human remains. To accomplish this, sixteen skeletal samples from different time periods and geographic locations were collected for this project. Of importance are those dating from the Civil War time period from the United States as medical documents state these individuals suffered and/or died from the complications of syphilis. Samples from the United Kingdom are also critical to this analysis as they have confirmed pre-Columbian dates. Along with attempts to isolate bacterial DNA, endogenous DNA (mitochondrial and amelogenin) is analyzed to provide an idea of the different levels of molecular preservation. General preservation as well as the identification of syphilis are also performed using microscopic techniques. By using a tiered approach (macroscopic to microscopic to molecular), a better idea of both preservation and disease presence can be ascertained. Results indicate that although syphilis could be identified at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels for some individuals and endogenous DNA was present, treponemal DNA failed to amplify. Many different reasons are suggested, for example poor conservation methods, misdiagnosis and diagenesis, but the most important possibility is the lack of bacterial DNA in bone at later stages of syphilis which was confirmed using the rabbit model. As a result, the present techniques may not be conducive for treponemal DNA isolation from ancient human remains. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

A Represa Billings apresenta águas eutrofizadas em decorrência da grande quantidade de esgoto proveniente da área urbana próxima, e como conseqüência, os peixes podem representar um problema de saúde pública. As brânquias e o fígado tornam-se órgãos alvo para a ação dos poluentes existentes no meio aquático podendo se manifestar em vários níveis de organização biológica. Estas respostas biológicas ao estresse provocado pelos poluentes podem ser utilizadas para identificar sinais iniciais de danos aos peixes e podem ser denominadas biomarcadores. Desse modo, o presente projeto teve como objetivo a análise histológica de brânquias e fígado de Tilápias do Nilo, por meio de mensurações, Índice de Alterações Histológicas e Valor Médio de Avaliação; também foi realizada a análise da freqüência de micronúcleo. Verficou-se que as Tilápias do Nilo apresentam alterações histológicas das brânquias e do fígado classificadas como moderada a grave, além da presença de micronúcleo. Os resultados permitem um melhor monitoramento ambiental e o controle da qualidade dessa espécie. / The Billings dam shows eutrophic waters due to the large amount of sewage from urban occupation neaby, and consequently, the fish can be a public health problem. The gills and liver become target organs for the action of pollutants in the aquatic environment and may present several levels of biological organization. These biological responses to stress caused by pollutants can be used to identify early signs of damage to fish and can be called biomarkers. Thus, this project aimed to analyze the histological gills and liver of Nile Tilapia, by means of measurements, Histological Alterations Index and Assessment Medium Value; the frequency of micronuclei was done. We observed histological alterations in gills and livers of Nile Tilapia classified as mild to severe, and the presence of micronucleus. The results enable better environmental monitoring and quality control of this species.

Introdução: Alopecia frontal fibrosante (AFF) é um tipo de alopecia cicatricial classificada, atualmente, como uma variante clínica do líquen plano pilar (LPP), afetando o couro cabeludo em um padrão clínico característico e apresentando padrão histológico similar ao LPP. Objetivos: Analisar e comparar as alterações clínico-patológicas e imunopatológicas do LPP e da AFF. Métodos: Neste estudo foram selecionados dez pacientes com AFF e dez com LPP objetivando caracterizar achados clínicos, histológicos e imunológicos. A revisão dos preparados histológicos em cortes longitudinais foi realizada comparando-se infiltrado linfocitário perifolicular, fibrose perifolicular, apoptose nos folículos pilosos, dilatação infundibular, infiltrado linfocitário liquenoide na interface entre a epiderme interfolicular e a derme, e reação granulomatosa tipo corpo estranho. Foram realizados estudos de imunofluorescência direta e imuno-histoquímica para a demonstração da expressão de CD1a, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD68 e IDO (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) em biópsias de pele. Resultados: As principais manifestações clínicas verificadas nos pacientes com AFF incluíram: recesso frontotemporal simétrico e progressivo, ceratose e eritema folicular, pele atrófica desprovida de orifícios foliculares, rarefação dos supercílios e ausência de pelos velus na linha de implantação capilar. Já nos casos de LPP os principais achados clínicos incluíram: envolvimento multifocal e predominantemente difuso do couro cabeludo com presença de eritema, ceratose e descamação perifolicular. A descamação peripilar (80% no LPP e 50% na AFF) e o prurido (60% na AFF e 30% no LPP) foram os sinais e sintomas predominantes em ambas afecções. A histopatologia mostrou achados sobreponíveis entre os casos de LPP e AFF, incluindo alterações vacuolares de interface, infiltrado linfocítico liquenoide perifolicular, fibrose perifolicular, tratos cicatriciais, degeneração de queratinócitos basais e destruição da camada basal. Os achados mais característicos de imunofluorescência direta incluíram a presença de imunofluorescência granulosa moderada e contínua na zona de membrana basal e corpos citoides fluorescentes na derme papilar, principalmente, anti IgM, IgA e IgG presentes no LPP e na AFF. A comparação histopatológica e imunopatológica não mostrou diferenças significativas entre as duas afecções. Conclusão: Embora clinicamente diferentes, nosso estudo não evidenciou diferenças histopatológicas e imunopatológicas entre o líquen plano pilar e a alopecia frontal fibrosante, favorecendo o conceito de tratar-se, em ambos os casos, de aspectos clínicos distintos da mesma doença / Background: Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a type of scarring alopecia currently considered as a clinical variant of lichen planopilaris (LPP), affecting the scalp in a distinctive clinical pattern but also presenting both characteristic and similar histological patterns. Objective: Analysing and comparing the clinicalpathological and immunological alterations between LPP and FFA. Methods: For our study, we have selected ten patients, women, with FFA and ten with LPP, so that clinical, histological and immunological findings were better characterized. The analysis of histological preparations in longitudinal sections was performed by comparing the following aspects: perifollicular lymphocytic infiltrate, perifollicular fibrosis, apoptosis in hair follicles, infundibular dilatation, lichenoid lymphocytic infiltrate at the interface between the interfollicular epidermis and the dermis and granulomatous foreign body reaction. Studies of direct immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were executed for demonstrating the expression of CD1a, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD68 and IDO (2,3-dioxygenase indoleamine) in skin specimens. Results: The main clinical manifestations observed in the studied patients with AFF include: symmetrical and progressive frontotemporal recession, follicular keratosis and erythema, atrophic skin devoid of hair follicles, thinning eyebrows and absence of vellus hair in the hairline. Concerning LPP cases, the mais clinical manifestations include multifocal and predominantly diffuse scalp involvement with the presence of erythema, perifolicular keratosis and scales. The associated signs and symptoms, for patients with LPP the main findings were perifollicular scale (80% and 50% LPP AFF) and pruritus (60% and 30% AFF LPP). The histopathology of both diseases showed overlapping findings, including interface vacuolar changes, perifollicular lichenoid lymphocytic cell infiltrate, hypergranulosis, hyperkeratosis, hyperacanthosis, degeneration of basal keratinocytes and destruction of the basal layer. The most common immunofluorescence findings of the patients were the presence of continuous and moderate granulous immunofluorescence in the basement membrane zone and cytoid fluorescent bodies in the papillary dermis mainly anti IgG, IgM and IgG present in the LPP and AFF. The immunohistochemical studies showed no significant difference in the two entities. Conclusion: Although clinically distinct, our study has not demonstrated neither histological nor immunological differences between lichen planopilaris and frontal fibrosing alopecia, sustaining, therefore, the concept of both cases being different clinical aspects of the same disease

A lesão de isquemia/reperfusão(I/R) do intestino delgado é de importância fundamental em procedimentos cirúrgicos. Alguns radicais livres de oxigênio gerados atuam durante este período. Utilizamos o ácido ascórbico para atenuar as lesões de I/R. Cinqüenta ratos foram separados e cinco grupos, cada grupo com 10 ratos. Os grupos foram sumetidos à isquemia mesentérica e isquemia/reperfusão. Os grupos experimentos receberam ácido ascórbico. Foi realizada a análise histológica morfométrica. Os grupos com ácido ascórbico mostraram uma redução significativa do infarto anti-mesentérico. (p = 0,009) na isquemia/reperfusão e redução da necrose das vilosidades na isquemia. O ácido ascórbico é eficaz na redução dos danos intestinais causados pela I/R em ratos / Intestinal injury resulting from ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is of fundamental importance in surgical procedures. Some oxygen-derived free radicals generated during this time possibly play an important role. We used ascorbic acid to attenuate I/R injury. Fifty male rats were divided into five groups, each containing 10 rats. The groups were submitted to mesenteric ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion, experimental groups received ascorbic acid. The intestinal histological morphometric analysis was performed. The ascorbic acid groups showed a significant reduction of antimesenteric villous infarct (p=0,009) in the /R and reduction of villous necrosis ischemia groups. The ascorbic acid is effective in reducing the intestinal damage caused by I/R in the rats

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5.4pt;mso-para-margin-top:0in;mso-para-margin-right:0in;mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;mso-para-margin-left:0in;line-height:115%;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}</style><![endif]--></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">Uvod: Aristolohična kiselina I je nefrotoksična i kancerogena supstanca koja je odgovorna za nefropatiju koja nastaje usled kori&scaron;ćenja herbalnih preparata i čajeva za mr&scaron;avljenje. S obzirom da se ova supstanca može naći u korovskim biljkama, smatra se jednim od glavnih ekotoksikolo&scaron;kih uzroka za nastanak balkanske endemske nefropatije čiji definitivan uzrok jo&scaron; uvek nije otkriven. Toksičnost ove supstance je dokazana na brojnim animalnim modelima, međutim mehanizmi koji dovode do o&scaron;tećenja bubrežnog parenhima jo&scaron; u potpunosti nisu razja&scaron;njeni.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">&nbsp; </span>Cilj: Doktorska disertacija je koncipirana sa ciljem da se utvrdi uticaj toksičnog jedinjenja aristolohične kiseline I na histopatolo&scaron;ke i imunohistohemijske karakteristike tubulointersticijuma i glomerula bubrega kod mi&scaron;eva, kao i na biohemijske parametre krvi i urina koji ukazuju na o&scaron;tećenje bubrega. Materijal i metode: U ekperimentu je kori&scaron;ćeno 64 mi&scaron;a soja NMRI koji su podeljeni u tri grupe: eksperimentalna grupa (n=32) koja je dobijala aristolohičnu kiselinu I rastvorenu u polietilen glikolu (2,5% PEG 400) u dozi od 10 mg/kg telesne mase, negativna kontrolna grupa koja je dobijala 2,5% PEG 400 (n=16) i kontrolna grupa koja je dobijala fiziolo&scaron;ki rastovor (n=16). Sve životinje su tretirane intraperitonealno svakodnevno tokom sedam dana. Tokom eksperimenta 8., 17., 29. i 59. dana sakupljan je dvadesetčetvoročasovni urin 8 životinja iz eksperimentalne grupe, 4 životinje iz negativne kontrolne i 4 životinje iz kontrolne grupe. Životinje su žrtvovane 9., 18., 30. i 60. dana, uzeta im je krv, dok su bubrezi posebno odvojeni radi histopatolo&scaron;ke analize. Na bubrežnom tkivu sprovedene su histohemijske, imunohistohemijske i morfometrijske analize, dok su na uzorcima seruma i urina sprovedene biohemijske analize. Dobijeni rezultati su testirani adekvatnim statističkim metodama i prikazani su tabelarno i grafički. Rezultati: Nefrotoksin aristolohična kiselina I nakon 7 dana aplikacije izaziva značajno o&scaron;tećenje bubrežnog parenhima. Pri aplikaciji 2,5% PEG 400 i fiziolo&scaron;kog rastvora ne dolazi do vidljivog o&scaron;tećenja bubrežnog parenhima. Histopatolo&scaron;ku sliku u ranoj fazi eksperimenta (9. i 18. dan) karakteri&scaron;e akutna tubulska nekroza proksimalnih tubula. U kasnijoj fazi (30. i 60. dana) uočava se histopatolo&scaron;ka slika hroničnog intersticijalnog nefritisa sa obilnim mononuklearnim ćelijskim infiltratima limfocitnog porekla kao i postojanje blage intersticijalne fibroze. Kod eksperimentalnih životinja je morfometrijskim metodama utvrđen veći stepen bubrežnog o&scaron;tećenja tubulointersticijuma i smanjen broj podocita u glomerulu u odnosu na kontrolne grupe. Biohemijske analize kod većine eksperimentalnih životinja su pokazale veće koncentracije serumske uree nego kod kontrolnih grupa. Takođe je dokazana albuminurija u kasnijoj fazi eksperimenta koja je veća kod životinja izloženih aristolohičnoj kiselini I nego kod životinja iz kontrolnih grupa. Zaključak: Kori&scaron;ćenjem morfometrijskih metoda u okviru histopatolo&scaron;kih i imunohistohemijskih ispitivanja, uz adekvatne biohemijske analize, može se zaključiti da je aristolohična kiselina I izuzetno nefrotoksično jedinjenje koje izaziva izrazite<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">&nbsp; </span>promene tubulointersticijuma i glomerula. Podaci ovog istraživanja predstavljaju polaznu osnovu za dalja istraživanja dijagnostike u ranoj fazi nefropatija izazvanih aristolohičnim kiselinama.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">&nbsp; </span></p> / <p>Introduction: Aristolochic acid I is a nephrotoxic and carcinogenic substance responsible for nephropathy caused by the use of herbal preparations and teas for slimminng regimen. Since this substance can be found in plants, it is considered one of the major ecotoxicological causes for the emergence of balkan endemic nephropathy whose definitive cause has not yet been revealed. The toxicity of this substance has been proven on numerous animal models, but pathophysiological mechanisms of kidney injury still remain unclear. Aim: The doctoral dissertation was designed to determine the influence of aristolochic acid on the histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of tubulointerstitium and glomerulus in mice, as well as the biochemical parameters of blood and urine that indicate kidney injury. Material and methods: For this study, 64 mouse of NMRI strain is used. They are divided into three groups: an experimental group (n=32) that received aristolochic acid I dissolved in polyethylene glycol (2.5% PEG 400) at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight, a negative control group that received 2.5% PEG 400 (n=16) and a control group that received only saline (n=16). All animals were treated intraperitoneally daily for seven days. During the experiment on the 8th, 17th, 29th and 59th day, twenty-four-hour urine was collected from 8 animals from the experimental group, 4 animals from the negative control and 4 animals from the control group. Animals were sacrificed on the 9th, 18th, 30th and 60th days, their blood was taken, while the kidneys were taken for histopathological analysis. Histochemical, immunohistochemical and morphometric analyzes were performed on renal tissue, while biochemical analyzes were performed on serum and urine samples. Obtained results were tested with adequate statistical methods and presented in a tables and graphs. Results: After 7 days of application nefrotoxin aristolochic acid I causes significant kidney injury. After application of 2.5% PEG 400 and saline, there was no visible damage to kidney parenchyma. Histopathological changes at the early stage of the experiment (9th and 18th day) were characterized by acute tubular necrosis of proximal tubules. At a later stage (30th and 60th day), chronic interstitial nephritis was observed in kidneys, with abundant mononuclear cell infiltrates in interstitium and presence of mild interstitial fibrosis. In experimental animals, a higher tubulointerstitial score of kidney injury and a decrease in the number of the podocytes in glomerulus were determined by morphometric methods, compared to the control groups. Biochemical analyzes in most experimental animals showed higher blood urea nitrogen concentrations than in control groups. High concentration of albumin in urine can be found in later stages of the experiment, and those concentrations were higher in animals exposed to aristolochic acid I than in animals from control groups.&nbsp; Conclusion: Using morphometric, histopathological and immunohistochemical methods, with adequate biochemical analysis, aristolochic acid I is proven to be an extremely nephrotoxic compound that causes drastic changes in tubulointerstitium and glomeruli of kidney parenhyma. Data from this study can be used for further research into early diagnosis of aristolochic acid nephropathy.</p>