O foco da pesquisa são as ações do Serviço de Ortofrenia e Higiene Mental, Seção do Instituto de Pesquisas Educacionais, da Diretoria Geral de Educação e Cultura do Rio de Janeiro de 1930, durante a chefia de Arthur Ramos (1934-1939). A intervenção do Serviço junto às chamadas Escolas Experimentais, buscou prevenir comportamentos considerados inadequados das crianças; objetivo que procura alcançar fazendo deslocamento conceitual de criança anormal para criança problema. Problemas que para o médico-antropólogo Arthur Ramos, e muitos dos seus colaboradores podem e devem ser resolvidos, já que são oriundos das relações produzidas pelos diversos grupos sociais dos quais as crianças fazem parte: família, escola, comunidade onde vivem Inicialmente levadas em seis escolas chamadas de experimentais, têm a pretensão de estender-se para todas as escolas públicas e, dessa forma, produzir, através da escola, novas formas de viver, agir, pensar na população em geral. A partir dos cinco anos que esteve à frente do SOHM, Ramos escreve o livro A Criança Problema, que tem como base empírica as fichas das crianças consideradas problemas. O tratamento teórico-metodológico dado ao trabalho advém da historiografia francesa ligada à história social e cultural no diálogo com a antropologia, buscando as contribuições da sociologia, da análise do discurso, e da micro-história italiana; utilizadas como ferramentas de trabalho, destacando o trabalho com as fontes. A articulação com a Antropologia tornou-se fundamental, para melhor vislumbrar as ações de Arthur Ramos, já que este buscou firmar-se no campo da Antropologia e seus escritos sobre educação é dirigido aos educadores, não sendo como educador que se identifica e nos seus combates políticos não é este lugar que busca ocupar. Buscar trançar foco e fundo constituiu-se no movimento da pesquisa e da escrita. / The focus of this research are the actions of the Service of Orthophrenia and Mental Hygiene (SOMH), Section of the Educational Researches Institute, from the General Board of Education and Culture of Rio de Janeiro of 1930, during the direction of Arthur Ramos (1934-1939). The intervention of the Service together with the so called Experimental Schools, sought for the prevention of behaviors considered inappropriate for children; goal that intends to achieve doing conceptual displacement of abnormal child to problematic child. Problems that for the physician-anthropologist Arthur Ramos, and many of his collaborators may and must be solved, since they result from relations produced by several social groups which the children belong to: family, school, community where they live. Initially, taken into six so-called experimental schools, they intend to expand to all public schools and, thus, produce, through school, new ways of living, acting and thinking of population in general. From the five years in which he was the head of SOMH Ramos writes the book A Criança Problema, which has as empirical basis the files of children considered problematic. The theoreticalmethodological treatment given to the work accrues from the French historiography connected to the social and cultural history in the dialog with anthropology, seeking for contributions from sociology, speech analysis, and from the Italian micro-history; used as work tools, highlighting the work with the sources. The articulation with Anthropology became essential for better understanding of the actions of Arthur Ramos, provided that he aimed to settle down in the field of Anthropology and his papers on education are addressed to educators, even though he is not identified as an educator himself and in his political struggles this is not the place he aims to engage. The search for connecting focus and funds constituted the movement of the research and the writing.

O foco da pesquisa são as ações do Serviço de Ortofrenia e Higiene Mental, Seção do Instituto de Pesquisas Educacionais, da Diretoria Geral de Educação e Cultura do Rio de Janeiro de 1930, durante a chefia de Arthur Ramos (1934-1939). A intervenção do Serviço junto às chamadas Escolas Experimentais, buscou prevenir comportamentos considerados inadequados das crianças; objetivo que procura alcançar fazendo deslocamento conceitual de criança anormal para criança problema. Problemas que para o médico-antropólogo Arthur Ramos, e muitos dos seus colaboradores podem e devem ser resolvidos, já que são oriundos das relações produzidas pelos diversos grupos sociais dos quais as crianças fazem parte: família, escola, comunidade onde vivem Inicialmente levadas em seis escolas chamadas de experimentais, têm a pretensão de estender-se para todas as escolas públicas e, dessa forma, produzir, através da escola, novas formas de viver, agir, pensar na população em geral. A partir dos cinco anos que esteve à frente do SOHM, Ramos escreve o livro A Criança Problema, que tem como base empírica as fichas das crianças consideradas problemas. O tratamento teórico-metodológico dado ao trabalho advém da historiografia francesa ligada à história social e cultural no diálogo com a antropologia, buscando as contribuições da sociologia, da análise do discurso, e da micro-história italiana; utilizadas como ferramentas de trabalho, destacando o trabalho com as fontes. A articulação com a Antropologia tornou-se fundamental, para melhor vislumbrar as ações de Arthur Ramos, já que este buscou firmar-se no campo da Antropologia e seus escritos sobre educação é dirigido aos educadores, não sendo como educador que se identifica e nos seus combates políticos não é este lugar que busca ocupar. Buscar trançar foco e fundo constituiu-se no movimento da pesquisa e da escrita. / The focus of this research are the actions of the Service of Orthophrenia and Mental Hygiene (SOMH), Section of the Educational Researches Institute, from the General Board of Education and Culture of Rio de Janeiro of 1930, during the direction of Arthur Ramos (1934-1939). The intervention of the Service together with the so called Experimental Schools, sought for the prevention of behaviors considered inappropriate for children; goal that intends to achieve doing conceptual displacement of abnormal child to problematic child. Problems that for the physician-anthropologist Arthur Ramos, and many of his collaborators may and must be solved, since they result from relations produced by several social groups which the children belong to: family, school, community where they live. Initially, taken into six so-called experimental schools, they intend to expand to all public schools and, thus, produce, through school, new ways of living, acting and thinking of population in general. From the five years in which he was the head of SOMH Ramos writes the book A Criança Problema, which has as empirical basis the files of children considered problematic. The theoreticalmethodological treatment given to the work accrues from the French historiography connected to the social and cultural history in the dialog with anthropology, seeking for contributions from sociology, speech analysis, and from the Italian micro-history; used as work tools, highlighting the work with the sources. The articulation with Anthropology became essential for better understanding of the actions of Arthur Ramos, provided that he aimed to settle down in the field of Anthropology and his papers on education are addressed to educators, even though he is not identified as an educator himself and in his political struggles this is not the place he aims to engage. The search for connecting focus and funds constituted the movement of the research and the writing.

East against the West? Representations of war in egodocuments of British and Russian participants of Crimean War 1853-1856. Doctoral thesis Mgr. et Mgr. Petr Wohlmuth ABSTRACT This doctoral thesis adheres to genre of historical anthropology of war and military. It draws on two theoretical sources. The first consists of paradigms of cultural and social anthropol- ogy, more specifically symbolic historical anthropology in the tradition of Geertz, Darnton, Sahlins and others. The second represents the cultural history of war in the tradition of Kee- gan, Hanson, Lynn or Isabel Hull. The research question is focused on the culture of war during the Crimean War, especially during the Crimean campaign and siege and defense of Sevastopol in 1854/55, as its variables were represented in egodocuments of its Russian and British participants. Crimean War has been the subject of many historiographic texts, but most of them were essentially conservative, relying on national, ideological and civilizational labeling instead of deeper analysis. This doctoral thesis analyses in detail first the formal or- der of the above-mentioned culture of war, but more importantly, it analyses using the method of thick description its logico-meaningful relations, the hierarchy of levels of mean- ing in the sense how the culture of war...

A pesquisa que ora apresento toma como objeto de análise muitos sujeitos: os sujeitos indígenas que, a despeito do estabelecimento dos salesianos ter ocorrido em 1902, a partir de 17 de junho de 1903 vieram a se fixar nos limites da aldeia missionária e passaram aos livros e compêndios etnológicos, não apenas salesianos, como os Bororo; os sujeitos missionários salesianos que foram obrigados a se relacionar com aqueles indígenas no momento em que se lançavam no Brasil Central para tornarem a universalidade potencial da mensagem cristã uma universalidade atual e histórica. Todos esses objetos da pesquisa são sujeitos da criação de novos universos simbólicos a partir do compartilhamento das mesmas condições de vida. Mas, igualmente, sujeitos e objetos, uns em relação aos outros, da observação mútua. / The work presented takes as object of analysis many subjects: the indigenous people that from 17th June 1903 on have decided to live among the priests and have been recorded in the ethnological compendiums and books as the Bororo, the Salesian missionaries who have dealt with those Indians. All these objects are active subjects playing that part in the making of new symbolic universes by sharing the same living conditions. But they are equally, subjects and objects, in relation to each other, of the mutual observation. The proposal is a historical ethnography to understand the specificity of teaching practices developed in that context.

This dissertation examines representations of the body in the Old French fabliaux in order to elucidate these stories’ philosophy (or philosophies) of language and their relationship to religious, medical, and dietetic cultures. An exploration of contemporary discourses referenced in the fabliaux – moral discourses around sex and food, medical and dietetic theories concerning food and animals, and rituals and rites surrounding the living and dying body – demonstrates how these elements shape narrative structure, characters, key objects, and décor. The fabliaux exhibit bodies founded by and coextensive with language, which, particularly in the form of speech, is simultaneously a function of the body. This dissertation shows the fabliaux to be profoundly anchored in the material world, but also aware that the physical and material are affected by language, and subject to transformation by the greater context of twelfth-, thirteenth-, and early fourteenth-century literature in its vernacular and Latin, secular and religious forms. The first chapter provides a critical history of the major questions in fabliaux scholarship through the 1980s, when the field began to undergo a number of important changes. The first part of Chapter 2 pursues the physical body in the fabliaux through pleasures, particularly the sexual and alimentary, while arguing that the stories respond to outside discourses about physical behavior, and that sensual or carnal pleasures and those of language coexist. The second section traces the relationship of spaces – social and domestic, permitted and forbidden – to morality. Analysis of the localization of the body in space indicates that space is essential to the construction of bodies, and may even determine (the perception of) guilt or innocence. The third chapter demonstrates that the humor of many fabliaux depends on anxieties concerning the spatial incursions of death, which mirror the visitations of outside texts. Miracles and superstitions constitute the focus of the fourth chapter, which examines the exploitation of supernatural events by the fabliaux’ human actors. The final chapter shows the importance of dysphemism and polysemy, of audience interpretation, and of the potential dangers of misinterpretation when texts become bodies and bodies become texts. / Romance Languages and Literatures

Andeanist archaeologists have the opportunity to participate in the development of an historical anthropology (Lightfoot 1995) in which archaeological research on the post-conquest era connects the prehispanic past with the present. This essay seeks to contribute to this type of archeology by examining data produced by the Archaeological Project Porco - Potosí in investigating Porco, a mining center in Bolivia, 35 km southwest of Potosi, whose main objective is to investigate the organization of silver production under the different political and economic systems that have characterized the region. Mining has been important in Porco since the Inka era, when it provided silver to adorn the Koricancha in Cusco. It continues today in the form of zinc mining carried out by an international company, Sinchi Wayra, and several local cooperatives. The archaeological record in Porco can thus inform us of continuities and changes in mining activities over the past 500 years. In addition to the Spanish conquest, another important historical rupture in Porco’s mining industry occurred in the late nineteenth century, when tin and zinc mining funded by foreign enterprises replaced the former system of silver extraction by forced labor. Despite fundamental differences between the two forms of production, archaeological survey and excavations carried out by the project indicate that both systems were characterized by k’aqcheo – the “theft” of high quality ore - associated with small-scale silver production using technology such as the native huayrachina. In contrast to mining in the United States and other wealthy countries, the ongoing process of development in Bolivia in the mining sector is not a unilinear march towards “modern” industry, but a series of complicated interactions between companies and miners involving both competition and interdependence. / Los arqueólogos actuales tienen la oportunidad de participar en el desarrollo de una antropología histórica (Lightfoot 1995), en la que la investigación arqueológica de la época después de la conquista conecta el pasado prehispánico con el presente. Este trabajo procura contribuir a este tipo de arqueología a través del examen de algunos datos obtenidos por el Proyecto Arqueológico Porco-¬Potosí en Porco, un centro minero ubicado en Bolivia, a 35 kilómetros al suroeste de Potosí. El proyecto tuvo como objetivo principal investigar la organización de la producción de plata bajo los distintos sistemas políticos y económicos que han caracterizado la zona. La minería ha sido importante en Porco desde la época inkaica, cuando se producía plata para adornar el Korikancha en Cusco, hasta el presente, con la extracción de zinc por la empresa internacional Sinchi Wayra y algunas cooperativas. El registro arqueológico en Porco, entonces, puede informarnos sobre las continuidades y cambios en las actividades mineras durante los últimos 500 años. Además de la conquista española, otra ruptura histórica importante ocurrió a finales del siglo XIX, cuando la extracción de plata que empleaba mano de obra forzada fue reemplazada por la minería extranjera del estaño y luego del zinc. A pesar de las diferencias fundamentales entre las dos formas de producción, la prospección y las excavaciones realizadas por el proyecto indican que los dos sistemas fueron caracterizados por el k’aqcheo o «robo» de mineral de alta calidad asociado con la producción de plata a pequeña escala mediante el uso de tecnología como la huayrachina nativa. En contraste con la minería de los Estados Unidos y otros países ricos, el proceso que sigue desarrollándose en Bolivia no es una marcha unilineal hasta la industria «moderna», sino una serie de interacciones complicadas entre empresas y mineros que involucra competencia además de interdependencia.

A pesquisa que ora apresento toma como objeto de análise muitos sujeitos: os sujeitos indígenas que, a despeito do estabelecimento dos salesianos ter ocorrido em 1902, a partir de 17 de junho de 1903 vieram a se fixar nos limites da aldeia missionária e passaram aos livros e compêndios etnológicos, não apenas salesianos, como os Bororo; os sujeitos missionários salesianos que foram obrigados a se relacionar com aqueles indígenas no momento em que se lançavam no Brasil Central para tornarem a universalidade potencial da mensagem cristã uma universalidade atual e histórica. Todos esses objetos da pesquisa são sujeitos da criação de novos universos simbólicos a partir do compartilhamento das mesmas condições de vida. Mas, igualmente, sujeitos e objetos, uns em relação aos outros, da observação mútua. / The work presented takes as object of analysis many subjects: the indigenous people that from 17th June 1903 on have decided to live among the priests and have been recorded in the ethnological compendiums and books as the Bororo, the Salesian missionaries who have dealt with those Indians. All these objects are active subjects playing that part in the making of new symbolic universes by sharing the same living conditions. But they are equally, subjects and objects, in relation to each other, of the mutual observation. The proposal is a historical ethnography to understand the specificity of teaching practices developed in that context.

Historical anthropology is a relatively young science discipline. On many projects in the framework of theoretical tasks so far. This work is a bunch of strangers to focus on inter-cultural comparison in the context of historical anthropology. This work will be conducted following the line of the official sources of the history. Rather than the actor himself, will be viewed for what could, in theory, the player or what was his academic freedom. By comparing the two locally so different areas, such as the Czech lands, and Beninese imperium, has a bunch of strangers try to show a comparison as possible in varying degree. The work aims to compare the rights and that mountain obligation the lowest classes of the two States. It has to happen, implanted in the reality of time known as the early modern period in Europe. The work will be based mainly on the strands of legal provenance. Work gives the objective comparison of these facts, without any claims to their binding evaluation.

The present master's thesis with the title "Rise and Development of a Historical Event - Historico-Anthropological View of the History of Overseas Discoveries" discusses the rise and development of a historical event through the sociocultural point of view. It discusses how the sociocultural peculiarities of the society at that time influenced the shaping of events that later became an important historical account from the historians' perspective. One of the substantial methodological resources for the present study is the approach developed by Michele de Certeau and his theoretical elaboration of the process called "writing of history". The first chapter deals with the historical anthropology as the methodological approach in the historical investigation. The second chapter focuses on Michele de Certeau and his studies in the field of historiography. In the third chapter there is a historical overview called "The Century of Overseas Discoveries" focusing on the century when the crucial historical events took place - great discovery voyages. The fourth and fifth chapters are based on the previous theoretical texts on historical anthropology and Michele de Certeau. The aim of this master's thesis is to relate these new approaches of historical investigation to the presented topic of the history of...

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo mapear as práticas de espaço do samba em São Paulo entre os anos de 1938 e 1945. Tal período é marcado pela continuação da implantação do projeto urbanístico Plano de Avenidas, cujo foco recaía sobre a remodelação do sistema viário da cidade. O mapeamento do cruzamento dessas duas formas de práticas, o caminhar do samba e o traçado da remodelação urbana, nos permite vislumbrar uma certa paisagem cotidiana. Essa paisagem é também dotada de sons, informantes, à sua maneira, de modos de fazer a metrópole e de nela fazer-se presente. Assim, surge, entre os barulhos e ruídos característicos da cidade moderna, um samba interessado em constituir-se como moderno e participante de tal universo. No contexto do Estado Novo (1937-1945) e da Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1945), os praticantes do samba que nos relatam suas práticas, produzem, a seu modo, articulações políticas e incursões tático-estratégicas em territórios outros. Dessa forma, relatam uma paisagem cotidiana, produto e produtora de uma nova cidade, sob uma perspectiva bastante específica: a da circulação. Em busca de um lugar comum para a constituição de uma trajetória individual ou da participação no centro da cidade enquanto habitante de um bairro, as investidas do samba em direção às diferentes centralidades do período são formas de saberes próprios que são aqui tomados como ferramentas para a compreensão de uma modernização que caminha não apenas do planalto à várzea, mas também da várzea ao planalto. / This research aims to map the \"space practices\" of samba in São Paulo between the years of 1938 and 1945. This period is marked by the continuation of the implementation of the urban plan Plano de Avenidas, whose focus was on the remodelling the road system of City. Mapping the intersection of these two forms of practices, the walking of the samba and the outlining of the urban remodelling, allows us to glimpse a certain everyday landscape. This landscape is also endowed with sounds, informants, in its own way, means of making the metropolis and making itself present in it. Thus, among the noises and noises characteristic of the modern city, a samba interested in constituting itself as modern and participant of such universe appears. In the context of the Estado Novo (1937-1945) and the Second World War (1939-1945), samba practitioners who tell us about their practices, produce in their own way political articulations and tactical-strategic incursions into other territories. In this way, they relate a daily landscape, product and maker of a new city, from a very specific perspective: that of circulation. In search of a common place for the constitution of an individual trajectory or participation in the center of the city as an inhabitant of a neighborhood, the samba investments towards the different centralities of the period are forms of knowledge that are taken here as tools for the understanding of a modernization that goes not only from the plateau to the floodplain, but also from the floodplain to the plateau.