The diploma thesis deals with the everyday image of the wars in the 16th and early 17th Century. The medieval ideal of "miles christianus" still permeated the thinking of an early modern nobleman and influenced his life. There were several noblemen who devoted their lives to the war. On the other hand, the analysis of preserved correspondence portrayed a conflict between the ideal and reality. The result showed the lack of interest in the war campaigns. Historical-anthropological point of view allowed to look at the individuals and their behaviour methods, which should have helped them to avoid a campaign. A typology of individual letters was emphasized. It became the basis for determination of the strategies used by nobility. The main concern of this thesis was, by using the methodology of collective mentalities, to reconstruct the thinking of early modern noblemen, who were no longer able to behave according to the standards. It tries to create a collective biography, where several demands set the behavioral traits of noble absentee.

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo mapear as práticas de espaço do samba em São Paulo entre os anos de 1938 e 1945. Tal período é marcado pela continuação da implantação do projeto urbanístico Plano de Avenidas, cujo foco recaía sobre a remodelação do sistema viário da cidade. O mapeamento do cruzamento dessas duas formas de práticas, o caminhar do samba e o traçado da remodelação urbana, nos permite vislumbrar uma certa paisagem cotidiana. Essa paisagem é também dotada de sons, informantes, à sua maneira, de modos de fazer a metrópole e de nela fazer-se presente. Assim, surge, entre os barulhos e ruídos característicos da cidade moderna, um samba interessado em constituir-se como moderno e participante de tal universo. No contexto do Estado Novo (1937-1945) e da Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1945), os praticantes do samba que nos relatam suas práticas, produzem, a seu modo, articulações políticas e incursões tático-estratégicas em territórios outros. Dessa forma, relatam uma paisagem cotidiana, produto e produtora de uma nova cidade, sob uma perspectiva bastante específica: a da circulação. Em busca de um lugar comum para a constituição de uma trajetória individual ou da participação no centro da cidade enquanto habitante de um bairro, as investidas do samba em direção às diferentes centralidades do período são formas de saberes próprios que são aqui tomados como ferramentas para a compreensão de uma modernização que caminha não apenas do planalto à várzea, mas também da várzea ao planalto. / This research aims to map the \"space practices\" of samba in São Paulo between the years of 1938 and 1945. This period is marked by the continuation of the implementation of the urban plan Plano de Avenidas, whose focus was on the remodelling the road system of City. Mapping the intersection of these two forms of practices, the walking of the samba and the outlining of the urban remodelling, allows us to glimpse a certain everyday landscape. This landscape is also endowed with sounds, informants, in its own way, means of making the metropolis and making itself present in it. Thus, among the noises and noises characteristic of the modern city, a samba interested in constituting itself as modern and participant of such universe appears. In the context of the Estado Novo (1937-1945) and the Second World War (1939-1945), samba practitioners who tell us about their practices, produce in their own way political articulations and tactical-strategic incursions into other territories. In this way, they relate a daily landscape, product and maker of a new city, from a very specific perspective: that of circulation. In search of a common place for the constitution of an individual trajectory or participation in the center of the city as an inhabitant of a neighborhood, the samba investments towards the different centralities of the period are forms of knowledge that are taken here as tools for the understanding of a modernization that goes not only from the plateau to the floodplain, but also from the floodplain to the plateau.

在清朝前期的康雍乾三朝中，清朝皇帝曾經復興入關前的滿洲傳統文化。在本文中將這些措施整體稱之為滿洲文化復興運動（Manchu cultural revitalization movement）。大致上來說可以分為三個方面：1. 提倡國語振興騎射；2. 整理滿洲歷史與傳統；3. 維持八旗制度運作。康雍乾三朝所推行一系列的復興滿洲文化的措施，表現了清朝皇帝對於滿洲文化的重視。學界過去對於此一現象的詮釋，認為清朝皇帝的作法是擔心滿洲人被漢人所同化而失去統治的特權。然而更基本的問題是：為何政經特權的維持，需要透過文化的復興運動來達成？國語騎射、滿洲源流與八旗制度等代表滿洲文化的符號，對於清朝皇帝具有什麼樣的意義？而本文試圖從清朝入關前與入關後的滿漢關係，以及相關的滿洲身分與文化變遷過程來討論前述的問題。 首先，清朝以少數民族的征服王朝之姿，建立了廣土眾民的多民族帝國。為了爭取漢人以及滿洲人支持清朝的統治，清朝皇帝一方面透過宣示滿漢一體，尊崇儒家思想與傳統中國的官僚制度來建立其統治漢人的正當性；另一方面，出於對漢人反滿意識的防備，又必須崇滿抑漢，以維持本民族的優勢地位。因此，如何在首崇滿洲的原則下，又不至於激起漢人對清朝統治的反感，是清朝皇帝在統治上所面臨的重要課題之一。 然而，推行崇滿抑漢政策的前提在於區分滿漢。在清朝發展的歷史中，滿漢接觸的經驗形塑了滿洲與漢人的文化意義。而清朝皇帝對於滿漢的區分也受到這種文化意義的影響。而這種文化意義也隨著歷史事件的介入而有所改變。 在滿漢接觸的歷史中，滿漢之分主要是建立在身分與文化上的差異。入關前的滿洲文化對於清朝皇帝而言，是征服民族優勢的象徵。清朝皇帝透過復興滿語、騎射與八旗制度等滿洲文化符號，以及排斥漢習的做法，來重申（或重塑）滿洲性（Manchuness），藉此重新鞏固滿漢對立的二元意義結構，以及相應的滿洲統治地位。 滿洲文化復興運動的推行，必須透過在傳統中國文化與當時清朝的政治制度中所賦予皇帝的至高獨裁權力，才有可能達成。但由於官僚體制與基層旗人的不配合，而使得當時此一運動的成效不彰。在這個歷史事件中，可以看到在少數民族統治多數民族時，如何透過文化與身分的界定來團結本民族，並維護自身的統治與優勢地位。因此，此一事件同時具有身分、文化與統治上的意義。而歷史人類學與族群理論兩者之間，在這個課題上也出現了對話的空間。

O presente trabalho se propõe a esboçar um referencial histórico e teórico para o estudo do som nas sociedades do Ocidente medieval. O som é entendido aqui como uma \"forma semantizada\" e, ao mesmo tempo, um \"conteúdo enformado\", perspectiva que busca pôr em relevo a dialética entre objetivo e subjetivo (que, concretamente existem apenas como processos relacionados de objetivação do subjetivo e subjetivação do objetivo), dialética inerente à existência social de qualquer \"objeto\" e da própria sociedade. A dissertação se compõe de três partes: (1) na primeira parte, enfocamos privilegiadamente a semantização da forma sonora, buscando desvendar as transformações históricas nas modalidades de circunscrição do som pelo pensamento; (2) na segunda parte, tomamos, dialeticamente, a direção contrária e privilegiamos o exame da enformação sonora do conteúdo, investigando mais especificamente a evolução da forma sonora da liturgia latina; (3) por fim, na terceira parte, propomos um estudo de caso que busca apreender, na temporalidade de sua efetivação, a dinâmica entre os processos de semantização da forma sonora e de enformação sonora do conteúdo. / This dissertation aims at sketching a system of historical and theoretical references for the study of sound in the societies of the medieval West. Sound is understood throughout this work as both \"semanticized form\" and \"enformed content\". This perspective seeks to emphasize the dialectics of subjectivity and objectivity (which concretely exist only as the interrelated processes of objectivation of subjectivity and subjectivation of objectivity) inherent to the social existence of any \"object\" and of society itself. The dissertation comprises three parts: (1) in the first, we focus mainly on the semantization of sound form, attempting to understand the historical changes in the modalities of apprehension of sound by thought; (2) in the second part, we dialectically assume the opposite direction and focus on the enformation of content as sound, dealing more specifically with the evolution of sound form in Latin liturgy; (3) finally, in the third part, we propose a case study which seeks to apprehend, in its concrete temporality, the dynamics of the interrelated processes of semantization of sound as form and enformation of content as sound.

La diuisioapostolorum (« dispersion apostolique ») est un thème apocryphe qui traverse l’ensemble des lettres et des arts chrétiens de l’Antiquité et du Moyen Âge. Dans sa plus large acception, il désigne tout ce qui se rapporte au partage du monde entre les apôtres (réunion, tirage au sort), à son évangélisation (envoi et réalisation de la mission), à la fondation de sanctuaires ainsi qu’à la mort et au tombeau de ces prestigieuses figures, amiciDei. En se plaçant au niveau des représentations chrétiennes du temps et de l’espace, l’analyse de la documentation textuelle grecque et latine entre le Ier et le IXe siècle – en particulier des catalogues d’apôtres et de disciples – nous a permis de montrer que l’usage de ce thème par les lettrés témoigne à la fois de la diffusion universelle du projet chrétien de société et d’un processus double de spatialisation et de temporalisation du sacré, en ce qu’il promeut un certain nombre de loci en rapport avec la mémoire d’une communauté. Par l’établissement de parallèles entre les catalogues et d’autres genres de textes (acta, historia, gesta episcoporum), nous avons souligné que ce processus, du fait qu’il bénéficie d’abord à l’autorité dont dépend le locus valorisé, est potentiellement soutenu par elle : on a donc traité également la question de l’accaparement de l’identité civique par l’évêque. / Diuisioapostolorum (« Apostles’ dispersion ») is a recurrent apocryphal theme throughout ancient and medieval Christian humanities and arts. In the widest sense, it refers to everything concerning the division of the world between the Apostles (reunions, draws), the evangelization of the world (sending and mission), and the foundation of sanctuaries, as well as the death and tombs of these prestigious figures: amici Dei. With a focus on Christian representations of time and space, our analysis of 1st-9th Century Greek and Latin Textual documentation – in particular, lists of Apostles and disciples – has enabled us to show that the use of this theme is a testimony to both the universal dissemination of the Christian vision of society, and a dual process of spatialization and temporalization of the sacred, as it promotes a number of loci linked to the memory of a community. Paralleling the lists with other types of written works (acta, historia, gestaepiscoporum), we have highlighted the fact that this process, by benefiting in the first place the authority under which the locus is placed, was potentially supported by said authority. For this reason, we have also dealt with the question of the monopolizing of civil identity by the bishops.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:48:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 53778.pdf.jpg: 17423 bytes, checksum: 79e8fcb7f5665af402a791ac9d9c0051 (MD5) 53778.pdf.txt: 1001794 bytes, checksum: 9f15f2134f5fe43f02507fac76fe56b1 (MD5) 53778.pdf: 1972190 bytes, checksum: 22283a635d723a5ab383bb8716997827 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-29T00:00:00Z / Esta tese tem como objetivo propor novos caminhos para a discussão sobre a cultura organizacional. Tradicionalmente, os debates sobre o tema no âmbito da teoria das organizações assimilam referenciais teóricos e metodológicos oriundos da antropologia; em especial, as premissas e conceitos que compõem os paradigmas funcionalista e interpretativo. Nesta interdisciplinaridade, as discussões sobre a mudança cultural nas organizações não assimilaram referenciais de análise que dessem conta das maneiras como os grupos sociais de fato mudam e evoluem. Na realidade, a matriz disciplinar da antropologia caracteriza-se pela oposição entre diacronia e sincronia – que assume a forma dos pares opostos sistema e evento, história e estrutura, estabilidade e mudança, entre outros. Com base nesta polarização, os antropólogos construíram tradições de estudos que destacam a continuidade em detrimento da mudança, ou ainda, a estrutura em detrimento da história. Mais recentemente, entretanto, as idéias de Sahlins, ou a antropologia histórico-estrutural, sugerem não haver razão para a polarização excludente entre história e estrutura, considerando-se a complexidade e especificidade dos fenômenos culturais. Ao sugerir a inseparabilidade entre continuidade e mudança, Sahlins propõe redefinições importantes nos conceitos clássicos de cultura, incorporando às discussões antropológicas uma série de questões desprestigiadas pelos paradigmas clássicos; em especial, a mudança cultural. Neste sentido, propõe-se que a incorporação das propostas da antropologia histórico-estrutural às discussões sobre a cultura organizacional tem o potencial de fazer avançar os debates acerca das maneiras como as organizações evoluem ao permitir a análise das continuidades e descontinuidades que caracterizam estes sistemas culturais. Ao problematizar os conceitos tradicionais de cultura organizacional, este movimento contribuiria sobremaneira à temática da mudança cultural nas organizações, por exemplo, ao viabilizar o desenvolvimento de uma perspectiva cultural à aprendizagem organizacional. A contribuição da antropologia histórico-estrutural é ilustrada por meio de um estudo de caso etnográfico realizado no núcleo de Albardão do CEDEJOR – Centro de Desenvolvimento do Jovem rural –, que reúne 30 jovens da comunidade do sétimo distrito rural do município de Rio Pardo, no Rio Grande do Sul. O CEDEJOR é uma ONG que atua na região Sul do Brasil, tendo como objetivos promover o empreendedorismo e o desenvolvimento do jovem rural através de processos educativos e participativos, buscando a sustentabilidade e a melhoria da qualidade de vida das comunidades rurais, e tendo o jovem como protagonista. Com base nas idéias de Sahlins, a análise do caso sugere ser a cultura sistema e evento, ambigüidade e consenso, e estrutura e história, simultaneamente. / This thesis proposes new directions within the discussions of organizational culture. Traditionally, the debates on the theme in the field of organization theory incorporate anthropological frameworks, in special, the premises and ideas which compose the functionalist and interpretative paradigms. Within this interdisciplinary appropriation, the discussions on cultural change in organizations did not assimilate frameworks which allowed the analysis of the ways social groups actually change and evolve. In fact, the disciplinary matrix of anthropology is characterized by the opposition of diachrony and synchrony - which assumes the format of opposing pairs such as system and event, history and structure, stability and change. Based on this opposition, anthropologists built theoretical traditions which highlight continuity in detriment of change, or structure in detriment of history. More recently, however, the ideas of Sahlins, or the structural, historical anthropology, suggest the inadequacy of the history-structure polarization as we recognize the complexity and specificity of the cultural phenomenon. Based on a theoretical proposal that suggests the inseparability of continuity and change, Sahlins proposes important redefinitions in the classical concepts of culture. These redefinitions would allow the incorporation of a serious of issues historically neglected by the classical anthropological paradigms; in special, cultural change. This thesis suggests that the assimilation of Sahlinsí proposals to the discussions of organizational culture has the potential of advancing the debates on the ways organizations evolve as it allows the analysis of the continuities and discontinuities which characterize these cultural systems. As it questions the traditional concepts of organizational culture, this movement would contribute to the refinement of the cultural debates within organization theory, e.g., allowing the development of a cultural perspective to organizational learning. The potential contribution of Sahlinsí proposals is illustrated by an ethnographic case study held in CEDEJOR Albard„o, an NGO which aggregates 30 teenagers from the seventh rural district of Rio Pardo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. CEDEJOR´s goals include promoting entrepreneurship, the personal development of the rural youth and the sustainable development of their communities through participative educational processes. Based on the ideas of Sahlins, the analysis of the case study suggests that culture is system and event, ambiguity and consensus, and structure and history simultaneously.

La maison des XIIIe-XVIe siècles n’avait jamais fait l’objet d’une enquête approfondie en Lorraine. Jusqu'ici, seule l'architecture civile de la ville de Metz a manifestement attiré l'attention. Dans le reste du territoire régional, le bâti domestique hérité du Bas Moyen Âge n'a pas acquis la même notoriété. Il n'a apparemment pas laissé de traces suffisamment prégnantes dans le paysage architectural pour engendrer des recherches significatives. Cet état de conservation a priori constitue un verrou méthodologique qui nous invite à changer de paradigme. Différents concepts, hérités de la sociologie, de la sémiologie architecturale et des logiques de temporalité permettent d'appréhender le sujet sous un angle anthropo-historique. L'examen de la bibliographie régionale souligne que les travaux antérieurs, même ponctuels, suivaient déjà cette orientation. Aujourd'hui, la recherche profite d'une documentation qui s'est très largement enrichie. Elle s'appuie sur un recensement approfondi, des études architecturales et diverses interventions archéologiques. L’ensemble de ces traces matérielles constitue un répertoire inédit dont la spatialisation semble refléter, pour partie, les évolutions de l’écoumène lorrain des XIIIe-XVIe siècles. Pour mieux entrevoir sa résonance socioculturelle, l’architecture a été interrogée selon trois orientations : sa survivance patrimoniale, ses formes délaissées et les savoir‑faire locaux. Ce biais microhistorique participe à la définition d'un archétype de la maison des XIIIe-XVIe siècles tout en démontrant sa part d'héritage en Lorraine. / Until now the buildings of the 13th-16th centuries in the Lorraine region have not yet been investigated systematically by modern building research. Only the profane architecture of the city of Metz has been studied occasionally. In the rest of the study region, the domestic building constructed during the late Middle Age is remaining still largely unknown, without any doubt resulting from a lack of its visibility. It is evident that the bad state of conservation is remarkably hampering modern methodological building research. This has forced us to modify our scientific approach by integrating sociological concepts, the architectural language and the evidence of important chrono-historical developments. The regional bibliography dealing with this subject is evidencing that the anthropo-historical approach has largely influenced former studies and analysis. Today, modern research is taking profit from a much more developed scientific documentation, which is based on a systematic inventory, architectural studies and results from archaeological excavations. The stock of the inventoried buildings is without any doubt reflecting the socio-political developments of the Lorraine region between the 13th and the 16th c. AD. In this work the building’s architecture was studied from three different viewpoints to understand their today’s socio-cultural value: the surviving and persisting elements deriving from older architectural practices, the abandonment of practices and techniques and, not to forget, the local architectural and technical Know-how. This approach has allowed identifying the archetype of the domestic building in the Lorraine region between the 13th and 16th centuries and its heritage within the known historical building stock.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / What I present is an approach based on a cut-anthropological history, where the guiding theme of this study is included reflections on how it is made and felt the experience of Student Housing at (ex) students outside the Student Assistance Program at CEU, offered free of charge from the Federal University of Santa Maria - RS. We tried to interpret as symbolic boundaries are redrawn with this type of occupation of a space-time new collective that is the student housing. And as all this symbolic construction of identity and recognition reacted to the process of untying the condition of university and resident. To achieve this purpose it was indispensable to the reassembly of the historical puzzle of the social field to which this community is submerged. This provided an understanding of the types of relationships established with the equity, based on the recognition of its historical and institutional, immersed in a space-time that was and is thought and / or lived in this community as an active member constituent of memory and identity references of social representation. It was thought the history and daily life of this community as legitimate custodians of collective memories and aspirations of individuals and groups who, while sharing the same territory pluralized, collectively operate daily and reinvent their condition and its relationship with this heritage in the pursuit of perpetuating this experience in time and build an identity that particularize. The research showed that each of the subjects involved, try a different kind of adaptation, within that space assets potentially set. Leading them to a new sense of recognition, membership and socialization in the community. And so, to explore various forms of sociability. To meet a collective memory and shared extensively negotiated that legitimizes a representation and a daily academic heritage. / O que este trabalho expõe é uma abordagem fundamentada num recorte antropológico-histórico, onde o tema norteador deste estudo insere reflexões sobre como é composto e sentido a experiência de Moradia Estudantil em (ex)estudantes universitários frente ao Programa de Assistência Estudantil na CEU, ofertado de forma gratuita pela Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - RS. Buscou-se interpretar como as fronteiras simbólicas são redesenhadas junto a este tipo de ocupação de um espaço-tempo novo e coletivo que é a moradia estudantil. E de como toda esta construção simbólica de identificação e reconhecimento reagiu ao processo de desvinculação da condição de universitário e morador. Para o alcance deste intento foi indispensável o remonte do quebra-cabeça histórico do campo social ao qual esta coletividade esta submersa. Isso propiciou a compreensão dos tipos de relações estabelecidas com o patrimônio, tendo por base o reconhecimento de seu valor histórico e institucional, imerso num espaço-tempo que foi e é pensado e/ou vivido por esta coletividade como membro ativo constituinte da memória e das referências identitárias de representação social. Pensou-se a história e o cotidiano desta coletividade como depositários legítimos de memórias coletivas e de anseios de indivíduos e grupos que, ao compartilhar um mesmo território pluralizado, operam coletivamente e reinventam cotidianamente a sua condição e a sua relação com este patrimônio, na busca de eternizar essa experiência no tempo e de construir uma identidade que os particularize. A pesquisa demonstrou que cada um dos sujeitos envolvidos, experimenta um tipo de adaptação diferente, dentro desse espaço patrimonial potencialmente definido. Conduzindo-os a um novo sentimento de reconhecimento, pertencimento e de socialização em coletividade. E assim, a explorarem diversas formas de sociabilidades. Que vão ao encontro de uma memória coletiva extensivamente negociada e compartilhada que legitima uma representação e um cotidiano acadêmico patrimonial.

O presente trabalho se propõe a esboçar um referencial histórico e teórico para o estudo do som nas sociedades do Ocidente medieval. O som é entendido aqui como uma \"forma semantizada\" e, ao mesmo tempo, um \"conteúdo enformado\", perspectiva que busca pôr em relevo a dialética entre objetivo e subjetivo (que, concretamente existem apenas como processos relacionados de objetivação do subjetivo e subjetivação do objetivo), dialética inerente à existência social de qualquer \"objeto\" e da própria sociedade. A dissertação se compõe de três partes: (1) na primeira parte, enfocamos privilegiadamente a semantização da forma sonora, buscando desvendar as transformações históricas nas modalidades de circunscrição do som pelo pensamento; (2) na segunda parte, tomamos, dialeticamente, a direção contrária e privilegiamos o exame da enformação sonora do conteúdo, investigando mais especificamente a evolução da forma sonora da liturgia latina; (3) por fim, na terceira parte, propomos um estudo de caso que busca apreender, na temporalidade de sua efetivação, a dinâmica entre os processos de semantização da forma sonora e de enformação sonora do conteúdo. / This dissertation aims at sketching a system of historical and theoretical references for the study of sound in the societies of the medieval West. Sound is understood throughout this work as both \"semanticized form\" and \"enformed content\". This perspective seeks to emphasize the dialectics of subjectivity and objectivity (which concretely exist only as the interrelated processes of objectivation of subjectivity and subjectivation of objectivity) inherent to the social existence of any \"object\" and of society itself. The dissertation comprises three parts: (1) in the first, we focus mainly on the semantization of sound form, attempting to understand the historical changes in the modalities of apprehension of sound by thought; (2) in the second part, we dialectically assume the opposite direction and focus on the enformation of content as sound, dealing more specifically with the evolution of sound form in Latin liturgy; (3) finally, in the third part, we propose a case study which seeks to apprehend, in its concrete temporality, the dynamics of the interrelated processes of semantization of sound as form and enformation of content as sound.

Durant la deuxième moitié du 20e siècle, divers aménagements structurels ont amené l’idéologie du système d’entreprise japonais à être acceptée globalement, non seulement comme un modèle légitime, mais aussi comme un modèle à suivre (et à poursuivre). Figure emblématique de ce système, le « salaryman » – employé masculin régulier des grandes entreprises ou administrations japonaises – s’est imposé au sein de la société japonaise. L’idéologie que véhicule le système d’entreprise a dès lors été interprétée par quelques auteurs comme un discours hégémonique, une image culturellement dominante du travail et de la vie quotidienne au Japon. Aujourd’hui, à la suite d’une conjoncture économique particulière fruit de la crise économique des années 1990, l’image du salaryman s’effrite et son caractère hégémonique tend à se fragmenter pour laisser place à de nouvelles pratiques et à de nouvelles valeurs souvent antagonistes avec les discours et les représentations du travail et de la masculinité qui ont dominé jusqu’alors. Une analyse historique et une enquête de terrain (entrevues semi-directives) nous montreront à la fois pourquoi le salaryman peut être compris comme un discours hégémonique et comment les nouvelles pratiques et représentations des jeunes japonais témoignent du caractère nouvellement fragmentaire de l’image du salaryman en contexte de crise. Ces résultats nous amèneront à considérer plus globalement l’implication des transformations du système d’emploi dans le changement social au Japon. / During the second half of the twentieth century, several structural processes have led the ideology of the Japanese employment system to be globally accepted, not only as a legitimate system, but as a model to be followed and pursued as well. The “salaryman”, the iconic figure of this system – that is the male employee of the big Japanese corporations or administrations – has been imposed into Japanese society as a unique model of masculinity. The ideology conveyed by the employment system has then been seen by a few authors as a hegemonic discourse, a culturally dominant image of work and daily life in Japan. Today, following the economic conjuncture caused by the economic crisis of the 1990s, the image of the salaryman is crumbling and is loosing its hegemonic value to give way to new practices and values antagonistic with the previous discourses and the representations of work and masculinity. A historical analysis and a field survey (semi-structured interviews) would show us how the salaryman can be analysed as a hegemonic discourse and why the new practices and representations of the young Japanese men reflect the newly fragmentary nature of the image of the salaryman within a crisis context. These results will lead us to more broadly consider the implications of the transformations of the Japanese employment system in the social change in Japan.