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Poetry, like every other form of art, reflects the values of the artist himself as well as the values of the age in which he lives. "I would say that the poet may write about anything provided that the thing matters to him to start with, for then it will bring with it into the poem the intellectual or moral significance which it has for him in life". (Louis MacNeice). This thesis sets out to uncover some of the things which, in the long pageant of English poetry, have "mattered" to poets to such an extent that they have felt compelled to voice their protest against any violation of such things perceived by them in life around them. The basic study has been a search for the different kinds of values and codes of conduct, in social, political and moral spheres, which have been unacceptable to some of the major poets in English, and to examine particularly the manner and the tone of voice in which each one has expressed his disapproval. "Poetry was the mental rattle that awakened the attention of intellect in the infancy of civil society." (T.L.Peacock). English poets who have protested against whatever they regarded as worthy of protest have continued up to the maturity of civil society to be rattles (some soft and mellow, others loud and harsh), to awaken both the intellect and the conscience of their readers.

In the eighty years from the arrival of English convicts and their gaolers in Australia to the death, in 1868, of Australia's first major writer, Charles Harpur, an Australian/American literary tradition was born. This dissertation traces the development of that tradition, one which few scholars have recognized. Even before the arrival of the First Fleet of convicts, many Britons saw Australia as potentially another America; consequently, Australia's early inhabitants did so too. A few radicals and idealists even contemplated Cook's Pacific discovery as a new and potentially greater America. Botany Bay's first decades naturally witnessed some changes in these initial perceptions. Up to Darling's period of governorship (1825-31), Australia's ruling elite, though forced to trade with busy--and, at times, ruthless--Yankee merchants, considered the continuing presence of American boats to be a threat to the colony's security: American captains aided in the numerous escapes of convicts otherwise doomed to spend the terms of their natural life in New Holland. Reaction to Americans and American influence, then, depended on one's position in the colonial hierarchy. However, after Governor Brisbane decided to allow freedom of the Press in 1824, significant shifts in the Australian/American relationship began. An expanding Australian middle class, chafing under the strictures of colonial rule from London, began to identify its situation with that of the citizenry in pre-revolutionary America. Led initially by W.C. Wentworth, who published his Statistical Description in 1819> demand for self-government grew. This dissent should be viewed as Australia's first lively and recognizably indigenous literature. It draws heavily on American precedent. In the 1830's, '40's and 50's, revolutionary writers such as Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, James Otis and Patrick Henry became increasingly popular amongst Australians in search of political sovereignty. America came under scrutiny as a country experiencing parallel growing pains, but at a more advanced stage of development. At the same time, the example of American independence was of rhetorical and political value for Australians when dealing with a rigid Colonial Office in London. While "Brother Jonathan," as America was often affectionately labelled, was a popular political weapon up to the 18501s, he was also of great literary significance in the later 1830's. Consumption of American books in Australia increased dramatically as the population expanded and books became cheaper. In I838, John Dunmore Lang's Colonist reprinted William Ellery Channing's essay, "On the Importance and Means of a National Literature. Conscious of the efforts of Americans such as Channing, Emerson, Brownson, Fuller and Parker to establish a strong national literature in the United States, a small group of dedicated Australians strove to assert their own creative independence. They recognized not only Australia's political affinity with America, but social, intellectual and literary attachments as well. Connections between Australia and America became far more sophisticated in the 18401s, 1501s and '60's for a variety of reasons. One was the goldfields in California and Australia, with the subsequent interchange of population. Another was the more advanced system of communications between the two countries--the American Civil War, for example, was exhaustively covered in all Australian colonies. Third, and for this thesis most importantly, three Australian writers, John Dunmore Lang, Daniel Deniehy and Charles Harpur determined to consult a wide range of American sources in their quest to establish both a highly principled nation and a truly Australian literature. Yet, as the works of Lang, Deniehy and Harpur indicate, Australians of the time rejected the path of easy imitation of Brother Jonathan. All three writers envisaged their country as a future world leader. Rejecting both despotic colonial government rule and America's abhorrent institution of slavery, they wanted to establish an ideal republic in the south--a Utopia of yeoman-farmers. Shaped by these republican musings, democratic sentiments and Utopian speculations, a literary tradition of energetic interaction between Australian and American writers, enlarging on socio-political roots as old as the colony itself, was founded. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

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This thesis discusses twentieth century children's fantasy fiction. The writers whose creative output is dealt with include Penelope Lively, Alan Garner, Susan Cooper, Pat O'Shea, Peter Dickinson, T.H.White, Lloyd Alexander and, to a lesser extent, C.S.Lewis and J.R.R.Tolkien. These authors have been chosen because their books, whilst being of a broadly similar nature, nevertheless have a sufficient diversity to illustrate well many different important aspects of children's fantasy. Chapter I examines the sources of modern fantasy, presents the attitudes of different authors towards borrowing from traditional sources and their reasons for doing so, and looks at the changing interpretation of myths. Chapter II talks about the presentation of the primary and secondary worlds and the ways in which they interact. It also discusses the characters' attitudes towards magic. Chapter III looks at the presentation of magic, examines the traditional fairy-tale conventions and their implementation in modern fantasies, and discusses the concepts of evil, time, and the laws governing fantasy worlds. Chapter IV deals with the methods of narration and the figure of the narrator. It presents briefly the prevailing plot patterns, discusses the use of different kinds of language, and the ideas of pan-determinism and prophecy. The concluding chapter considers the main subjects and aims of children's fantasy, the reasons why the genre is so popular, and its successes and failures.

李潔嫦. / 論文(哲學碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院音樂學部, 1998. / 參考文獻: leaves 99-106. / Li Jiechang. / 撮要 --- p.iii / Chapter 第一章 --- 地水南音源流槪說 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 引言 --- p.一 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 南音的起源和發展 --- p.二 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 有關南音的原始資料及研究 --- p.四 / Chapter 第二章 --- 地水南音在香港的發展(二十至九十年代） / Chapter 一´Ø --- 南音在香港早期的槪況 --- p.八 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 地水南音的衰落與戲台、粤曲南音的蓬勃(四十至六十年代） --- p.十九 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 七十年代 --- p.二五 / Chapter 四´Ø --- 八十年代至今 --- p.二八 / Chapter 第三章 --- 地水南音的音樂風格 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 引言 --- p.四三 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 唱詞結構 --- p.四四 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 板面及過序的處理 --- p.四八 / Chapter 四´Ø --- 《霸王別姬》音樂結構分析 --- p.五四 / Chapter 五. --- 《客途秋恨》：語言聲調與旋律的關係 --- p.六八 / Chapter 第四章 --- 近代唱者個案：杜煥及唐健垣 / Chapter 一´Ø --- 杜煥的生平及唱腔風格 --- p.七八 / Chapter 二´Ø --- 唐健垣的生平及唱腔風格 --- p.八三 / Chapter 三´Ø --- 結論 --- p.九十 / Chapter 第五章 --- 結論 --- p.九四 / 參考書目 --- p.九九 / 附錄一《霸王別姬》唱腔旋律記譜 --- p.一零七 / 附錄二 《霸王別姬》的唱腔分析 --- p.一一七 / 附錄三《客途秋恨》的唱腔分析 --- p.一三一 / 表目 / 表2-1 六十至八十年代南音演出及硏討會資料 --- p.三五 / 表2-2 香港灌錄及發行的南音唱片目錄 --- p.三七 / 表2-3 八十至九十年代南音演出和講座資料 --- p.三九 / 表3-1 --- p.五五 / 表3-2 --- p.五七 / 表3-3 --- p.六五 / 表3-4 --- p.六九 / 表3-5 --- p.七二 / 表4-1杜煥生平年表 --- p.八二 / 表4-2唐健垣生平年表 --- p.八八