Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2007. / "Graduate Program in History." Includes bibliographical references (p. 303-321).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2008. / "Graduate Program in History." Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2009. / "Graduate Program in History." Includes bibliographical references (p. 252-262).

No description available.

This thesis looks beyond the stereotypes of women as transmitters and caretakers of businesses by focussing on the careers of three women, one a widow who remarried, one a woman with no apparent family connection with the trade, and the third another widow who carried on the business for almost ten years after the death of her husband. Their careers are reconstructed from biographical data and the details of their publishing output. Emphasis is placed on the relationship of individuals to the sectarian communities for which they published, and on the ways in which sectarian material came to be published and distributed. The studies suggest ways in which women's inferior legal status could protect them in their 'seditious' activities, and reveal the inadequacies of attempts to control the press during the period 1645-75. Hannah Allen's output demonstrates her development over a brief period of a specialized trade in books representing the strand of Independent thought which grew into Fifth Monarchism, and her emergence from economic dependency on partnerships to become a publisher in her own right. Mary Westwood's career reveals a level of publishing outside the London book trade and concerned exclusively with a Quaker market largely in-the provinces. The career of Elizabeth Calvert is examined both before and after the death of her husband in order to investigate her role in a leading radical bookseiling business. -' Her later activities provide evidence of the shortcomings of the 1662 'Licensing, Act, and confrontations between a group of 'Confederate' women and the authorities suggest how women could avoid punishment despite their persistent publishing of nonconformist and opposition literature.

Este trabalho buscou estudar, através da história oral a trajetória de vida de mulheres migrantes em Lucas do Rio Verde Mato Grosso e ao mesmo tempo mostra como elas transformaram suas dificuldades em oportunidades. Este texto é composto de uma descrição da História do Projeto e discussões teóricas sobre história oral, história oral de vida, conceitos ligados ao processo de ocupação das áreas de fronteira agrícola e a história de Lucas do Rio Verde. Em uma segunda parte apresenta dez entrevistas completas de mulheres migrantes. A terceira parte é formada de temas selecionados a partir das próprias entrevistas e que retratam momentos das vidas dessas mulheres e os desafios por elas enfrentados por elas na busca de uma melhor qualidade de vida. / This work aimed to study, through oral history; the life trajectories of women migrants in Lucas do Rio Verde-MatoGrosso, while showing how they transformed their difficulties into opportunities. This text consists of a description of the project history. And theoretical discussions about oral history, oral history of life, concepts related to the process of occupation of the agricultural frontier and the story of Lucas do Rio Verde. In a second part presents ten complete interviews of women migrants. The third part is composed of selected topics by the same interviews and moments that portray the lives of these women and the challenges they faced in seeking a better quality of life.

Este estudo pretende narrar a história das Filhas da Imaculada Conceição, com ênfase nas táticas utilizadas por elas para formar uma congregação religiosa no sertão de Vígolo (SC), em 1890, a fim de atender idosas doentes, meninas e órfãs. Começa a análise estudando os contextos familiares, religiosos, socioculturais e históricos da fundadora da congregação, Amabile Lucia Visintainer, a qual emigrou da Itália com sua família em 1875. Acompanha o crescimento, a expansão e os processos de institucionalização de sua organização que são consolidados em 1909, no bojo da intervenção romanizada e ultramontana de bispos paulistas e do jesuíta diretor espiritual da congregação. Utiliza como fontes: crônicas das próprias irmãs que viveram a experiência, crônicas de outras irmãs que coletaram e reescreveram sua história, biografias, cartas, entrevistas e outros documentos institucionais que possibilitam investigar o cotidiano dessa antiga comunidade de mulheres que se transformou na quarta congregação a ser fundada no Brasil. Para reler os temas apreendidos das fontes, inspiram-nos as propostas teóricas de Michel de Certeau, as quais subsidiam a reflexão sobre as táticas utilizadas pelas irmãs para inventar sua realidade em Vígolo, Nova Trento e São Paulo. As conclusões apontam, entre outras questões, a relevância para a História da Educação de uma pesquisa voltada para a análise da trajetória e do cotidiano de freiras, possibilitando compreender melhor as razões e os contextos que levam uma congregação feminina a desenvolver um trabalho com meninas e órfãs, o que explica também o sentido da educação que receberam e que ministraram. / This study aims to tell the history of the Daughters of the Immaculate Conception with emphasis on the tactics used by them to initiate a religious congregation in the wilderness of Vigolo (SC) in 1890, in order to care for elderly sick people, girls and orphans. Beginning the analysis by studying the family, religious, socio-cultural and historical backgrounds of the founder of the congregation, Amabile Lucia Visintainer, who emigrated from Italy with his family in 1875. This work follows the growth expansion and institutionalization processes of her organization that is consolidated in 1909, in the course of the intervention of ultramontane and Romanized bishops from Sao Paulo and the Jesuit spiritual director of the congregation. The source of this study are the chronicles of their own sisters who lived through the experience, chronic of other sisters who collected and rewrote their history, biographies, letters, interviews and other institutional documents that enable to investigate the everyday life of this ancient community of women who became the fourth congregation be founded in Brazil. To reread the topics picked up from the sources, we had as inspiration the theoretical proposals of Michel de Certeau, which are the base to reflect on the strategy used by the sisters to invent their reality in Vigolo, Nova Trento and Sao Paulo. The conclusions indicate, among other things, the relevance for the History of Education a survey that aims at analyzing the history and the daily life of nuns, enabling better understand on the reasons and contexts that make a female congregation to develop a working with girls and orphans, which also explains the meaning of education they have received and given.

This dissertation examines the cultural, intellectual and artistic contributions religious women made in the production of secular and religious books in fifteenth and sixteenth-century Italy. It presents the first comparative study of nuns' book production across Italy and introduces new manuscripts to the canon of nuns' bookwork. Though the scholarship of the last fifty years has increased our understanding of the institutional and individual lives of nuns, little research has been done on their production and exchange of texts. Nun-scribes and manuscript painters produced liturgical, devotional and administrative books for use in-house, as well as for secular and religious communities and individuals outside the walls of the convents. Evidence of their bookwork repositions them as active participants in a rich spiritual, intellectual and artistic life and broadens their sphere of activity and influence to include a wide community of secular and religious patrons, artistic collaborators, scholars, family members, and book-buying clientele. Through a close examination of the material evidence in their manuscripts, this study illustrates how nuns used the production and exchange of texts to further their individual and institutional goals. This dissertation makes an important contribution to the current understanding nuns' spiritual, artistic and intellectual life and practice and significantly reshapes the current understanding of women's education and learning in Renaissance and early modern Italy (1400-1650).

Using Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 and a review of the history of sport in the United States, this thesis provides a critical feminist analysis of how the legal system perpetuates and justifies sport as a male domain. The gender hierarchy in sport continues to be supported through the interpretation of the law meant to rectify gender disparities. The analysis of legal records in this thesis demonstrates that cultural and social beliefs regarding women and sport are evident in the construction of the law and impacts court rulings. Title IX and its subsequent interpretations and regulations, specifically, the Contact Sports Exemption, are manipulated in an unconstitutional manner reinforcing the traditionally male dominated institution of sport. This thesis argues that despite the nondiscrimination intent and purpose of Title IX, false assumptions about gender are perpetuated within the law and make gender equality in sport difficult, if not impossible.

This thesis analyses the process of social construction of women's citizenship rights in Peru under the regime of Alberto Fujimori (1990--2000). It builds on an existing body of literature on democratization and women's movements in Latin America, to develop an understanding of the forms of women's mobilization under new democratic regimes and the impact of the pattern of state-society relations on the advancements and losses in women's citizenship rights. More specifically, it shows that the 1990s witnessed a significant range of advances in women's civil and political rights, while social and economic rights suffered serious reversals. It is argued that the strategies and opportunities of different sectors of the women's movement in Peru, as well as the objectives pursued by the state under Fujimori's rule, combined to generate this evolution of women's citizenship. The forms of mobilization of these different sectors followed the course of their own constraints and choices, while they were also importantly shaped by the broader political framework: a neopopulist model of political rule together with the implementation of a neoliberal program of structural adjustment and liberalization. The influence of a set of international factors also contributed to structuring the political incentives and resources of the different actors involved in the social construction of women's citizenship in Peru. The thesis concludes that the democratic or authoritarian nature of the political regime as such cannot explain the pattern of construction of women's citizenship rights, as witnessed by an increased space of women in the public sphere and advances in civil and political rights under the restricted version of political democracy which characterized most of Fujimori's rule. Contrary to the literature on other Latin American women's movements, which detected a marginalization of women's movements in the political sphere following the transitions to d