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This thesis studies the construction of noncompact Einstein manifolds of cohomogeneity one on some vector bundles. Cohomogeneity one vector bundle whose isotropy representation of the principal orbit G/K has two inequivalent irreducible summands has been studied in [Böh99][Win17]. However, the method applied does not cover all cases. This thesis provides an alternative construction with a weaker assumption of G/K admits at least one invariant Einstein metric. Some new Einstein metrics of Taub-NUT type are also constructed. This thesis also provides construction of cohomogeneity one Einstein metrics for cases where G/K is a Wallach space. Specifically, two continuous families of complete smooth Einstein metrics are constructed on vector bundles over CP2, HP2 and OP2 with respective principal orbits the Wallach spaces SU(3)/T2, Sp(3)/(Sp(1)Sp(1)Sp(1)) and F4/Spin(8). The first family is a 1-parameter family of Ricci-flat metrics. All the Ricci- flat metrics constructed have asymptotically conical limits given by the metric cone over a suitable multiple of the normal Einstein metric. All the Ricci-flat metrics constructed have generic holonomy except that the complete metric with G2 holonomy discovered in [BS89][GPP90] lies in the interior of the 1-parameter family on manifold in the first case. The second family is a 2-parameter family of Poincaré–Einstein metrics. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

In this thesis we study Spin(7)-manifolds, that is Riemannian 8-manifolds with torsion-free Spin(7)-structures, and Cayley submanifolds of such manifolds. We use a construction of compact Spin(7)-manifolds from Calabi–Yau 4-orbifolds with antiholomorphic involutions, due to Joyce, to find new examples of compact Spin(7)-manifolds. We search the class of well-formed quasismooth hypersurfaces in weighted projective spaces for suitable Calabi–Yau 4-orbifolds. We consider antiholomorphic involutions induced by the restriction of an involution of the ambient weighted projective space and we classify anti-holomorphic involutions of weighted projective spaces. We consider the moduli problem for Cayley submanifolds of Spin(7)-manifolds and show that there is a fine moduli space of unobstructed Cayley submanifolds. This result improves on the work of McLean in that we consider the global issues of how to patch together the local result of McLean. We also use the work of Kriegl and Michor on ‘convenient manifolds’ to show that this moduli space carries a universal family of Cayley submanifolds. Using the analysis necessary for the study of the moduli problem of Cayleys we find examples of compact Cayley submanifolds in any compact Spin(7)-manifold arising, using Joyce’s construction, from a suitable Calabi–Yau 4-orbifold with antiholomorphic involution. For the analysis to work, we need to show that a given Cayley submanifold is unobstructed. To show that particular examples of Cayley submanifolds are unobstructed, we relate the obstructions of complex surfaces in Calabi–Yau 4-folds as complex submanifolds to the obstructions as Cayley submanifolds.

This thesis is mainly concerned with the study of hypersymplectic structures in gauge theory. These structures arise via applications of the hypersymplectic quotient construction to the action of the gauge group on certain spaces of connections and Higgs fields. Motivated by Kobayashi-Hitchin correspondences in the case of hyperkähler moduli spaces, we first study the relationship between hypersymplectic, complex and paracomplex quotients in the spirit of Kirwan's work relating Kähler quotients to GIT quotients. We then study dimensional reductions of the ASD equations on $mathbb R^{2,2}$. We discuss a version of twistor theory for hypersymplectic manifolds, which we use to put the ASD equations into Lax form. Next, we study Schmid's equations from the viewpoint of hypersymplectic quotients and examine the local product structure of the moduli space. Then we turn towards the integrability aspects of this system. We deduce various properties of the spectral curve associated to a solution and provide explicit solutions with cyclic symmetry. Hitchin's harmonic map equations are the split signature analogue of the self-duality equations on a Riemann surface, in which case it is known that there is a smooth hyperkähler moduli space. In the case at hand, we cannot expect to obtain a globally well-behaved moduli space. However, we are able to construct a smooth open set of solutions with small Higgs field, on which we then analyse the hypersymplectic geometry. In particular, we exhibit the local product structures and the family of complex structures. This is done by interpreting the equations as describing certain geodesics on the moduli space of unitary connections. Using this picture we relate the degeneracy locus to geodesics with conjugate endpoints. Finally, we present a split signature version of the ADHM construction for so-called split signature instantons on $S^2 imes S^2$, which can be given an interpretation as a hypersymplectic quotient.

<p>Quantum holonomies are investigated in different contexts.</p><p>A geometric phase is proposed for decomposition dependent evolution, where each component of a given decomposition of a mixed state evolves independently. It is shown that this geometric phase only depends on the path traversed in the space of decompositions.</p><p>A holonomy is associated to general paths of subspaces of a Hilbert space, both discrete and continuous. This opens up the possibility of constructing quantum holonomic gates in the open path setting. In the discrete case it is shown that it is possible to associate two distinct holonomies to a given path. Interferometric setups for measuring both holonomies are</p><p>provided. It is further shown that there are cases when the holonomy is only partially defined. This has no counterpart in the Abelian setting.</p><p>An operational interpretation of amplitudes of density operators is provided. This allows for a direct interferometric realization of Uhlmann's parallelity condition, and the possibility of measuring the Uhlmann holonomy for sequences of density operators.</p><p>Off-diagonal geometric phases are generalized to the non-Abelian case. These off-diagonal holonomies are undefined for cyclic evolution, but must contain members of non-zero rank if all standard holonomies are undefined. Experimental setups for measuring the off-diagonal holonomies are proposed.</p><p>The concept of nodal free geometric phases is introduced. These are constructed from gauge invariant quantities, but do not share the nodal point structure of geometric phases and off-diagonal geometric phases. An interferometric setup for measuring nodal free geometric phases is provided, and it is shown that these phases could be useful in geometric quantum computation.</p><p>A holonomy associated to a sequence of quantum maps is introduced. It is shown that this holonomy is related to the Uhlmann holonomy. Explicit examples are provided to illustrate the general idea.</p>

Quantum holonomies are investigated in different contexts. A geometric phase is proposed for decomposition dependent evolution, where each component of a given decomposition of a mixed state evolves independently. It is shown that this geometric phase only depends on the path traversed in the space of decompositions. A holonomy is associated to general paths of subspaces of a Hilbert space, both discrete and continuous. This opens up the possibility of constructing quantum holonomic gates in the open path setting. In the discrete case it is shown that it is possible to associate two distinct holonomies to a given path. Interferometric setups for measuring both holonomies are provided. It is further shown that there are cases when the holonomy is only partially defined. This has no counterpart in the Abelian setting. An operational interpretation of amplitudes of density operators is provided. This allows for a direct interferometric realization of Uhlmann's parallelity condition, and the possibility of measuring the Uhlmann holonomy for sequences of density operators. Off-diagonal geometric phases are generalized to the non-Abelian case. These off-diagonal holonomies are undefined for cyclic evolution, but must contain members of non-zero rank if all standard holonomies are undefined. Experimental setups for measuring the off-diagonal holonomies are proposed. The concept of nodal free geometric phases is introduced. These are constructed from gauge invariant quantities, but do not share the nodal point structure of geometric phases and off-diagonal geometric phases. An interferometric setup for measuring nodal free geometric phases is provided, and it is shown that these phases could be useful in geometric quantum computation. A holonomy associated to a sequence of quantum maps is introduced. It is shown that this holonomy is related to the Uhlmann holonomy. Explicit examples are provided to illustrate the general idea.

Στόχος της διατριβής είναι η αναζήτηση υπερσυμμετρικών λύσεων με προέλευση από την Μ θεωρία και τη θεωρία χορδών στις 10-διαστάσεις, με συνακόλουθη μελέτη των συνεπειών τους στις 4-διαστάσεις μέσω της αντιστοιχίας βαρύτητας/βαθμίδας. Στο πρώτο βήμα προχωρούμε σε συστηματική κατασκευή υπερσυμμετρικών βαρυτικών λύσεων της υπερβαρύτητας σε διάφορες διαστάσεις με μειωμένη Lorentzian ολονομία. Η κατασκευή μας βασίζεται στην εισαγωγή χρονικής εξάρτησης στις παραμέτρους moduli των Riemannian αντιγράφων. Συνεπώς οδηγούμαστε σε D-διάστατες υπερσυμμετρικές λύσεις κενού με Lorentzian ομάδα ολονομίας της μορφής G×RD-2. Στο δεύτερο βήμα προσεγγίζουμε τους 5-διάστατους χώρους Sasaki-Einstein, οι οποίοι παρεμβάλονται μεταξύ της S5 και του T1,1. Χρησιμοποιώντας τους 5-διάστατους αυτούς χώρους σαν βάση κατασκευάζουμε 6-διάστατους υπερσυμμετρικούς κώνους, οι οποίοι στη συνέχεια θα αποτελέσουν τα δομικά στοιχεία για την κατασκευή λύσεων της 10-διάστατης υπερβαρύτητας τύπου ΙΙΒ για συσσωματώματα από D3 και D5-βράνες. Στο τρίτο βήμα μελετάμε τις δυϊκές βαρυτικές λύσεις του κλάδου Coulomb που αντιστοιχούν σε μια marginally παραμορφωμένη N=4 θεωρία Yang-Mills. Μέσα από μια αλληλουχία από Τ δυϊκότητες και μετατοπίσεις συντεταγμένων κατασκευάζουμε το δυϊκο βαρυτικό υπόβαθρο, ουσιαστικά παρουσιάζοντας μια γενική μεθοδολογία. Εξετάζουμε ενδελεχώς το ζήτημα της υπερσυμμετρίας και πως αυτή ελαττώνεται από Ν=4 σε Ν=1. Στη συνέχεια ανιχνεύουμε την γεωμετρία μέσα από τον υπολογισμό του βρόχου Wilson για ζεύγος βαρέων quark-antiquark, αποκαλύπτοντας φαινόμενα θωράκισης και εγκλωβισμού για το δυναμικό. / Our main objective is the quest of supersymmetric solutions coming from M theory and 10-dim string theory together with the study of their implications in 4-dim through the AdS/CFT correspondence. As a first step we proceed in a systematic construction of supersymmetric supergravity solutions in diverse dimensions with reduced Lorentzian holonomy. Our construction is based on time dependence insertion over the moduli parameters of the Riemannian counterparts. We end up with D-dim supersymmetric vacuum solutions with Lorentzian holonomy group of the semidirect product type G×RD-2. In the second step we get near the 5-dim Sasaki-Einstein spaces which interpolate between S5 and T1,1. Using those 5-dim spaces as a base we construct the 6-dim supersymmetric cones which in turn will form the building blocks for the consequent construction of supersymmetric type-IIB supergravity solutions representing a stack of D3- and D5-branes. In the last step we study the gravity duals of the Coulomb branch of marginally deformed N=4 Yang-Mills theory. Through a sequence of T dualities and coordinate shifts we construct the dual supergravity background, in other words present a general methodology. We examine in detail the issue of supersymmetry and in particular the way it is reduced from N=4 to N=1. We probe the geometry through the computation of the expectation value of the Wilson loop operator for a pair of quark-antiquark, reviling confining and complete screening phenomena for the potential.

Orientador: Rafael de Freitas Leão / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T07:15:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Genaro_Rafael_M.pdf: 1032495 bytes, checksum: 30e0fabb7aa149ab240fc0b3ae0b6d46 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Dada uma conexão sobre um fibrado vetorial podemos usá-la para construir o transporte paralelo de elementos do fibrado ao longo de curvas da variedade base. Esta operação nos fornece isomorfismos lineares entre as fibras do fibrado em questão, mas quando consideramos laços na variedade base o ponto de partida é igual ao ponto de chegada, desta forma obtemos um isomorfismo da fibra sobre este ponto nela mesma. O conjunto de isomorfismos obtidos por esta construção formam um grupo chamado Grupo de Holonomia. Quando consideramos o fibrado tangente de uma variedade riemanniana com a conexão Levi-Civita o grupo de holonomia está intrinsecamente relacionado com a geometria da variedade. Esta foi explorada por Marcel Berger para classificar quais grupos podem aparecer como holonomia de uma variedade riemanniana. O objetivo desta dissertação é fornecer uma demonstração geométrica, obtida por Carlos Olmos, deste resultado / Abstract: Given a connection over a vector bundle we can use it to build the parallel transport of elements in the bundle along curves of the base manifold. This function provides us with linear isomorphisms between the fibers of the bundle in question, but when we consider loops in the base manifold starting point is equal to the arrival point, this way we obtain an isomorphism of the fiber over this point in itself. The set of isomorphism obtained by this construction form a group called Holonomy Group. When we consider the tangent bundle of a Riemannian manifold with Levi-Civita connection the holonomy group is intrinsically related to the geometry of the array. This was explored by Marcel Berger to classify which groups can appear as holonomy of a Riemannian manifold. The objective of this dissertation is to provide a geometric demonstration, obtained by Carlos Olmos, this result / Mestrado / Matematica / Mestre em Matemática

The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the geometry of spaces of planar quadrilaterals. The topology of moduli spaces of planar quadrilaterals (the set of all distinct planar quadrilaterals with fixed side lengths) has been well-studied [5], [8], [10]. The symplectic geometry of these spaces has been studied by Kapovich and Millson [6], but the Riemannian geometry of these spaces has not been thoroughly examined. We study paths in the moduli space and the pre-moduli space. We compare intraplanar paths between points in the moduli space to extraplanar paths between those same points. We give conditions on side lengths to guarantee that intraplanar motion is shorter between some points. Direct applications of this result could be applied to motion-planning of a robot arm. We show that horizontal lifts to the pre-moduli space of paths in the moduli space can exhibit holonomy. We determine exactly which collections of side lengths allow holonomy. / Ph. D.