Few works have created such memorable characters as the Iliad and Odyssey. Readers come away from these works with the impression that the characters described in the stories are larger than life: Achilles is strong, Ajax is enormous, Patroclus is bloodthirsty, Nestor is ancient, Stentor is loud. Nobody leaves Homer’s epics thinking his heroes are not worthy of their lasting fame. This study argues that, although the heroes of the two Homeric epics are meant to be impressive, their characterization in the Iliad and Odyssey is the result of a process of rationalization whereby the hyperbole traditionally ascribed to such figures was toned down when the two poems were finally committed to writing. I argue this by showing that the hyperbole used to describe these heroes is paralleled across many Indo-European epic traditions and that, for the most part, it is much more exaggerated in these related epics. From the scant remains of the Epic Cycle, there is reason to believe that the context in which Homeric poetry was formed was receptive to the fantastic. The best explanation of these two pieces of data is that the Iliad and the Odyssey rationalize traditional hyperbole. This was done so that the poems would have a broader appeal and greater clarity, vividness, and simplicity, traits which have long been considered hallmarks of Homer’s style.

This thesis investigates the impact of transportation — the phenomenon of “being miles away” while receiving a narrative — on audience response. The poetics of narrative reception within the Homeric epics are described and the correspondences with the psychological concept of transportation are used to suggest the appropriateness and utility of this theory to understanding audience responses in and to the Iliad and Odyssey. The ways in which transportation complements and extends some concepts of narrative reception familiar to Homeric studies (the Epic Illusion, Vividness, and Enchantment) are considered, as are the ways in which the psychological theories might be adjusted to accommodate Homeric epic. A major claim is drawn from these theories that transportation fundamentally affects the audience’s interpretation of and responses to the narrative; this claim is tested both theoretically and empirically in terms of ambiguous characterization of Odysseus and the Kyklōps Polyphēmos in the ninth book of the Odyssey. Last, some consideration is given to the ways in which the theory (and its underlying empirical research) might be extended.

The aim of this study was to investigate electricity supply solutions for an educationalcenter that is being built in Chonyonyo Tanzania. Off-grid power generation solutions andfurther optimization possibilities were studied for the case.The study was done for Engineers Without Borders in Sweden. Who are working withMavuno Project on the educational center. The school is set to start operating in year 2015with 40 girl students in the beginning. The educational center will help to improve genderequality by offering high quality education in a safe environment for girls in rural area.It is important for the system to be economically and environmentally sustainable. Thearea has great potential for photovoltaic power generation. Thus PV was considered as theprimary power generation and a diesel generator as a reliable backup. The system sizeoptimization was done with HOMER. For the simulations HOMER required componentdata, weather data and load data. Common components were chose with standardproperties, the loads were based on load estimations from year 2011 and the weather datawas acquired from NASA database. The system size optimization result for this base casewas a system with 26 kW PW; 5.5 kW diesel generator, 15 kW converter and 112 T-105batteries. The initial cost of the system was 55 875 €, the total net present cost 92 121 €and the levelized cost of electricity 0.264 €/kWh.In addition three optimization possibilities were studied. First it was studied how thesystem should be designed and how it would affect the system size to have night loads(security lights) use DC and could the system then be extended in blocks. As a result it wasfound out that the system size could be decreased as the inverter losses would be avoided.Also the system extension in blocks was found to be possible. The second study was aboutinverter stacking where multiple inverters can work as one unit. This type of connectionallows only the required number of inverters to run while shutting down the excess ones.This would allow the converter-unit to run with higher efficiency and lower powerconsumption could be achieved. In future with higher loads the system could be easilyextendable by connecting more inverters either in parallel or series depending on what isneeded. Multiple inverters would also offer higher reliability than using one centralizedinverter. The third study examined how the choice of location for a centralized powergeneration affects the cable sizing for the system. As a result it was found that centralizedpower generation should be located close to high loads in order to avoid long runs of thickcables. Future loads should also be considered when choosing the location. For theeducational center the potential locations for centralized power generation were found outto be close to the school buildings and close to the dormitories.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 205-210). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2009. / "Graduate Program in Art History." Includes bibliographical references (p. 344-367).

Originally presented as the author's thesis (doctoral)--Universität Hamburg, 1983/84. / Includes indexes.

Τα τελευταία χρόνια δίνεται μεγάλη έμφαση στην ανάπτυξη ηλεκτρικών συστημάτων φιλικών προς το περιβάλλον. Στην κατεύθυνση αυτή πραγματοποιείται προοδευτική αντικατάσταση συστημάτων συμβατικών πηγών ενέργειας (όπως το πετρέλαιο) με νέα ανανεώσιμων. Σε αυτή την εργασία έχει μελετηθεί, με την βοήθεια του προγράμματος προσομοίωσης – βελτιστοποίησης HOMER, η λειτουργία διαφόρων αυτόνομων ηλεκτρικών συστημάτων με στόχο την κάλυψη των ηλεκτρικών αναγκών (φορτίου) μιας μικρής κοινότητας. Ως περιοχή μελέτης έχει επιλεγεί η Χούλου, μια κοινότητα που βρίσκεται στην Πάφο της Κύπρου. Η Χούλου κατοικείται όλο το χρόνο. Σε αυτή τη περιοχή, κατά την τουριστική περίοδο, το καλοκαίρι, παρατηρείται απότομη αύξηση σε απαιτήσεις φορτίου. Τα δεδομένα έχουν συλλεχθεί από την Αρχή Ηλεκτρισμού Κύπρου (Α.Η.Κ.). Η μελέτη διεξήχθη αρχικά με βάση το υπάρχον εγκατεστημένο σύστημα και έπειτα για τρία εναλλακτικά σχέδια – προτάσεις που βασίζονται σε αντικατάσταση συμβατικών με ανανεώσιμες πηγές ενέργειας. Οι συνδυασμοί είναι οι εξής: α) Προϋπάρχον σύστημα (Ντίζελ), β) Φωτοβολταϊκά - Ντίζελ - Μπαταρίες, γ) Ανεμογεννήτρια - Ντίζελ - Μπαταρίες, δ) Ανεμογεννήτρια - Φωτοβολταϊκά – Μπαταρίες. Ακολούθως, παρουσιάζεται μια εκτενής αναφορά του προγράμματος HOMER Οι τρεις βασικές λειτουργίες, του προγράμματος είναι η προσομοίωση, η βελτιστοποίηση και η ανάλυση ευαισθησίας. Τα αποτελέσματα της προσομοίωσης προκύπτουν με βάση το χαμηλότερο συνολικό καθαρό κόστος (Net Present Cost - NPC). Στο τελευταίο μέρος παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα της προσομοίωσης. Τα ηλιακά και αιολικά δεδομένα της εξεταζόμενης περιοχής εισάγονται αυτόματα στο πρόγραμμα και έχουν ως πηγή πληροφοριών την NASA. Τα είδη των ανεμογεννητριών, των φωτοβολταϊκών πάνελ, των μετατροπέων, των μπαταριών και των γεννητριών καθώς και τα χρηματοοικονομικά στοιχεία που συγκεντρώθηκαν για την εκτέλεση των προσομοιώσεων προήλθαν από εταιρείες της Κύπρου. Τέλος, γίνεται μια σύγκριση μεταξύ των αποτελεσμάτων που λαμβάνονται, με στόχο την εξεύρεση του βέλτιστου συνδυασμού που θα ταιριάζει στην περιοχή, με βασικά κριτήρια το συνολικό κόστους της επένδυσης, το πλεόνασμα της ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας, την ποσότητα των ρύπων που εκπέμπονται στο περιβάλλον και την ετήσια παραγωγή της ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας σε kWh . / Nowadays there is great emphasis on building environmentally friendly electric systems by replacing the conventional energy sources with renewable. In this project, the function of various autonomous systems has been studied, to cover the electric load requirements of a small community using HOMER simulation program. Study area has been chosen Choulou, a community located in Paphos (Cyprus). The Choulou inhabited all year round. It is observed sudden increase in load requirements during the summer months due to the tourist season. Data have been collected from E.A.C. (Electricity Authority of Cyprus). The study was conducted for the existing installed system in the region as well as three alternative designs of this based on renewable energy sources. The combinations are the following: Primary installed System-Diesel System, Photovoltaic – Diesel System- Batteries, Wind Turbine- Diesel System- Batteries, Wind Turbine –Photovoltaic – Batteries Subsequently is presented an extensive report of HOMER program. The three main functions, incurred by HOMER, are the simulation, optimization and sensitivity analysis which are evidential in this work. The simulation results in this work are based on the lowest total net cost (NPC). In the last part, we present the HOMER simulations results. The solar and wind data of the area examined is granted by NASA sources and are automatically inserted in the program. The types of wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, batteries inverters and generators as well as the financial item are setted as data on the program to perform the simulations which were gathered by Cyprus companies. Finally, a comparison is made between the obtained results by the aim of finding the optimal combination of the region, with essential criteria overall the investment cost, the surplus electricity, the quantity of pollutants emitted into the environment and the annual production of electricity in kWh.

Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία εξετάζεται η δυνατότητα δύο υβριδικών συστημάτων να καλύψουν το ηλεκτρικό φορτίο ενός συγκροτήματος πέντε βιομηχανικών κτηρίων συνδεδεμένων στο εθνικό δίκτυο. / Aim of this project is to examine the possibility of two hybrid energy systems to cover the electric load of a a block of five industrial buildings which are grid connected

Brochet is a remote, off-grid community located in Northern Manitoba, Canada. The existing diesel generating system is characterized by high economic and environmental costs. As the existing diesel generators are nearing the end of their operational lifespan, this study uses the HOMER model to determine an optimum electricity system design at Brochet that has high electrical reliability, least cost, and low emissions. Three potential power generation options were considered and evaluated, namely: 1) only diesel, 2) only wind, 3) a mix of both. The wind-diesel hybrid system performed best for all the evaluation criteria. While maintaining high reliability, this hybrid system design resulted in 19 % reduction in electricity cost, and 30 % reduction of CO2 when compared to the existing electricity system at Brochet. Thus, this study concludes that the wind-diesel hybrid system is the optimum electricity system design for Brochet and proposes this system replace the existing system.

Brochet is a remote, off-grid community located in Northern Manitoba, Canada. The existing diesel generating system is characterized by high economic and environmental costs. As the existing diesel generators are nearing the end of their operational lifespan, this study uses the HOMER model to determine an optimum electricity system design at Brochet that has high electrical reliability, least cost, and low emissions. Three potential power generation options were considered and evaluated, namely: 1) only diesel, 2) only wind, 3) a mix of both. The wind-diesel hybrid system performed best for all the evaluation criteria. While maintaining high reliability, this hybrid system design resulted in 19 % reduction in electricity cost, and 30 % reduction of CO2 when compared to the existing electricity system at Brochet. Thus, this study concludes that the wind-diesel hybrid system is the optimum electricity system design for Brochet and proposes this system replace the existing system.