Much has been written on the famous transition from muthos to logos or from myth to reason. However, there is little on how the proponents of myth responded. They fought back with mutho-logia, that is, with a logos about myth. This rational approach invoked the same logos that is generally associated with philosophia. In fact, philosophia and muthologia are at times so intimately connected that until the Enlightenment period, it is often diffi­cult to distinguish between them. This is due to the spell of myth or more precisely because of the allegorical interpretation of myth. In this essay, I at­tempt to shed some light on the origin and development of this rather unremarked and yet remarkable event in the history of philosophy. / Mucho se ha escrito sobre la célebre transición del muthos al logos, o del mito a la razón. Sin embargo, el tratamiento que se le ha dado al asunto de cómo respondieron los defensores del mito es más bien escaso. Ellos respondieron con mutho-logia; es decir, con un logos sobre el mito. Esta aproximación racional invocaba el mismo logos con el que generalmente se asocia la filosofía. De hecho, la philosophía y la muthología están tan estrechamente relacionadas por momentos que hasta el período de la Ilustración suele ser difícil distinguirlas entre sí. Esto se debe al encanto del mito o, más precisamente, a la interpretación alegórica del mito. En este ensayo pretendo esclarecer el origen y el desarrollo de este poco notado, aunque notable, evento en la historia de la filosofía.

A construção, transmissão e preservação dos versos que compõem os poemas homéricos constituem questões que acompanham a filologia desde seu surgimento. A teoria oral e sua hipótese de composição em performance trouxeram para os estudos homéricos novas formas de abordar essas questões. Nas últimas décadas, pesquisadores da teoria oral analisam até que ponto esse contexto de apresentação e/ou criação dos poemas homéricos influenciou sua construção e como é possível identificar os traços dessa enunciação nos textos atuais. É o caso de Egbert J. Bakker, que se baseia no contexto de enunciação, ou seja, a própria performance, para evidenciar o caráter dêitico do aumento verbal no aoristo indicativo. Partindo da visão da Ilíada e da Odisseia como resultados de atos de enunciação em contextos específicos de apresentação oral, a pesquisa aqui apresentada estudará a variação das formas aumentadas ou não aumentadas dos tempos secundários do indicativo em algumas passagens dos cantos XI, XVI e XXII da Ilíada, a fim de verificar se há um contexto específico na narração que motive o uso do aumento verbal. / The composition, transmission and preservation of the verses that compose the Homeric poems are matters that accompany philology since its inception. The oral theory and its hypothesis of composition in performance brought to Homeric studies new ways to approach these matters. In the last decades, researchers on oral theory have been analyzing to what extent this presentation or creation context of the Homeric poems influenced its construction and how it is possible to identify traces of enunciation in the current texts. It is the case of Egbert J. Bakker, who, based on the context of enunciation, that is, the performance itself, highlighted the deictic aspect of verbal augment in indicative aorist. Based on the vision of the Iliad and Odyssey as results of enunciation acts in specific contexts of oral presentation, this research examine the variation of augmented or not augmented forms of secondary indicative in some passages of books XI, XVI and XXI of the Iliad to check for a specific context in the narration that motivates the use of verbal augment.

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While scholars have noticed important allusions to Hesiod in Quintus of Smyrna’s Posthomerica, there is still a need to explain Hesiod’s relevance in a poem that is so overtly Homeric. I argue that an understanding of Hesiod’s reception, especially during the Second Sophistic period, will lead to a deeper appreciation of the Posthomerica and the world that produced it. Hesiodic allusions appear at key moments in the narrative and invite us to see Quintus of Smyrna as reading Homeric epic and ethics through a Hesiodic lens. Rather than read the Posthomerica solely as a work of Homeric emulation, I propose that Quintus of Smyrna relies on Hesiod’s reputation as Homer’s rival to articulate his critique of Homeric poetics and heroism. Chapter One argues that Quintus of Smyrna reorients his reader’s gaze from Homer to Hesiod right when he seems to ape a Homeric practice, namely the ekphrasis of Achilles’ shield. Chapter Two asserts that Quintus of Smyrna’s use of Hesiod contributes to the Posthomerica’s narrative structure and highlights his revision of the Homeric idea of virtue (arete), such that Iliadic force must be joined with Hesiodic wisdom. Chapter Three examines Quintus of Smyrna’s Hesiodic self-portrayal and argues that the Posthomerica may be read as a telling of the Trojan saga through a Hesiodic lens. Chapter Four discusses Quintus of Smyrna in the context of Hesiodic reception. And Chapter Five places Quintus of Smyrna’s reception of Homer and Hesiod within the broader landscape of Second Sophistic and Late Antique literature, comparing his allusive practices to those of Greek hexameter poets of his era. This study concludes that Quintus of Smyrna’s revision of Homer reflects a trend among some Second Sophistic authors who re-write and critique Homeric narratives. Moreover, his direct and pervasive engagement with the works of Hesiod is unique when compared to his fellow Greek hexameter poets, whose allusions to Hesiod are mediated through a Hellenistic filter. By bridging studies of the Posthomerica and studies in Hesiod’s reception, my work enables us to gain a better understanding of Quintus of Smyrna’s dynamic engagement with his archaic literary tradition.

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To secure the growing energy demand due to the rise in population and technological advancements, countries worldwide are looking for alternatives or complementary generation sources to support the existing grid infrastructure and power generating system. The increase in global temperature and climate change forces each country to switch to clean energy production.  Among the renewable energy sources, the Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) market is flourishing in various countries. It is a good source of power generation avoiding land constraint issues and adding extra benefits like cooling of panels and reducing evaporation and algal bloom problems of water sources where it is installed. In fact, as a part of a complementary generation, the idea of using unused reservoir water surface of reservoir for the deployment of photovoltaic (PV) is a considerable solution for meeting energy demand.  As hydropower and PV are dispatchable and non-dispatchable sources of energy, they can complement each other well. The floating PV and hydropower basics and factors that complement their mutual operation are discussed in this research work with a literature review. Case studies of tropical and mediterranean climatic countries like Myanmar and Albania are analyzed using HOMER Pro. The various challenges associated with this hybrid hydro-floating PV project are evaluated using risk analysis, and the highest risk elements are identified.

Eritrea is experiencing difficulties as a result of its low rate of electricity, together with its expanding population and the significance of green energy in today's world. Due to poor infrastructure and capacity, Asmara's electricity grid is well known for being unreliable, with frequent power outages and load shedding. Due to its location in an area with high solar irradiance, Asmara has a lot of potential for PV. Using a reference hotel building that is based on a case study of a current construction project in the capital Asmara, this thesis has chosen to analyze if implementing PV systems with storage can produce sustainable electricity for residential homes in Asmara. Through a study visit to the current construction project, a load profile is designed. The reference hotel building's 96 apartments had an average daily energy consumption of 1828 kWh and a peak power demand of 207 kW based on the designed load profile. The PV system results showed that none of the PV systems was feasible or economical to implement on the reference hotel building. The PV-hydrogen system required less inverter capacity than the PV-battery system, however the PV-battery system was less expensive and needed less installed PV capacity. The COE for the PV-battery and PV-hydrogen systems was 580 respectively 226 times bigger than Eritrea's existing COE, which is not feasible from an economic standpoint. Additionally, both systems' installed PV capacities were greater than the maximum possible capacity on the reference hotel building.

The aim of this thesis is to elucidate Homeric aesthetical, ethical, and political values; the relation between these values and those of the polis; and what this relation tells us about the place of Homeric society in our account of the development of the polis. I argue that the system of value that we find in the Iliad and the Odyssey is predicated on the ideas of portion, proportion, and proper distribution. These ideas, I contend, animate the Homeric conception of justice and of appropriateness. Further, I argue that this system shares much ground with the middling ideology of the polis, but is different from this ideology in respect of the discourse of sōphrosunē and of being mesos/metrios. From this, I maintain that the Homeric worldview reflects the social and material conditions of a world that shares the basic values of the polis but is not as sociologically complex as the polis. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

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