So Yuen-man. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-184). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract (English) --- p.i / Abstract (Chinese) --- p.ii / Acknowledgement --- p.iii i / Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1. --- Orientation --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- Literature Review --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Domestic work and Migration in the New Economy --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- The increased demand for migrant domestic workers --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- The migration of domestic workers --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- The labor migration of Indonesian domestic workers in Hong Kong --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2 --- The labor migration of Indonesian domestic workers in Hong Kong --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- The Subordinate status of migrant domestic workers --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- The Resistance and Negotiation of migrant domestic workers --- p.18 / Chapter 3. --- Thesis Outline --- p.20 / Chapter 4. --- Methodology --- p.23 / Chapter 4.1 --- Getting general information --- p.23 / Chapter 4.2 --- Interviews --- p.23 / Chapter 4.3 --- Observation --- p.25 / Chapter 4.4 --- Ethical Issues --- p.25 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- The Demand for Domestic Workers in Hong Kong --- p.26 / Chapter 1. --- The increasing need for domestic workers --- p.27 / Chapter 1.1 --- Increased participation of women in the workforce --- p.27 / Chapter 1.2 --- A strategy to negotiate on conventional family relationships --- p.30 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- To protect the nuclear family from extended family's intervention --- p.30 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- To fulfill the conventional filial responsibilities of caring for elderly parents --- p.35 / Chapter 2. --- The changing domestic labor market in Hong Kong --- p.38 / Chapter 2.1 --- The position of Indonesian workers in the domestic labor market --- p.40 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- The formation of racial stereotypes of foreign domestic workers --- p.43 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Labor Migration in Indonesia --- p.50 / Chapter 1. --- The economic incentives to migrate abroad --- p.51 / Chapter 1.1 --- Economic development and the labor market in Indonesia --- p.52 / Chapter 2. --- The feminization of migrant workers --- p.54 / Chapter 2.1 --- Migration as a household strategy to cope with family crises --- p.56 / Chapter 2.2 --- Migration as a tool to negotiate change in traditional views on marriage --- p.60 / Chapter 2.3 --- Migration as a strategy to enjoy independence --- p.64 / Chapter 3. --- Chapter summery --- p.66 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- Employment Process --- p.69 / Chapter 1. --- The administrative structure of migration --- p.69 / Chapter 2. --- The role of employment agency in Indonesia --- p.72 / Chapter 2.1 --- Live-in training camp in Indonesia --- p.73 / Chapter 2.2 --- Personal negotiation in the training camp: developing a network of assistance --- p.77 / Chapter 3. --- The role of job placement agency in Hong Kong --- p.81 / Chapter 3.1 --- Personal negotiations with the employment agent: getting their own passports --- p.83 / Chapter 4. --- Chapter summery --- p.88 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- On the Job - Neither Resistance Nor Domination --- p.91 / Chapter 1 . --- Domestic work in Hong Kong --- p.95 / Chapter 1.1 --- Working time and working space --- p.95 / Chapter 1.2 --- Social isolation --- p.99 / Chapter 1.3 --- Cultural adjustments --- p.103 / Chapter 1.4 --- The emotional aspects of deference --- p.109 / Chapter 2. --- Personal negotiation at work --- p.113 / Chapter 2.1 --- Playing with emotional displays --- p.115 / Chapter 2.2 --- Manipulative emotional bonding --- p.123 / Chapter 2.3 --- Developing local support networks --- p.130 / Chapter 3. --- Chapter summery --- p.132 / Chapter Chapter Six: --- Common Gathering Places --- p.134 / Chapter 1. --- The feeling of subordination in Hong Kong --- p.134 / Chapter 2. --- Formal support: NGOs and shelters --- p.137 / Chapter 2.1 --- Union leader --- p.138 / Chapter 2.2 --- Labor cases --- p.140 / Chapter 2.3 --- Demonstration --- p.143 / Chapter 2.4 --- General members --- p.145 / Chapter 3. --- Informal support: Victoria Park and other gathering places --- p.148 / Chapter 3.1 --- Solidarity among Indonesian workers in the gathering places --- p.151 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Gaining informal support to adapt to the public environment of Hong Kong --- p.152 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Gaining support to improve working conditions --- p.154 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Gaining strength to interact with the general public --- p.155 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Self-monitoring behavior in the gathering places --- p.157 / Chapter 4. --- Suspicion and alienation in the gathering places --- p.158 / Chapter 5. --- Gathering places as a platform for redefining identity --- p.163 / Chapter 6. --- Chapter summery --- p.166 / Chapter Chapter Seven: --- Conclusion --- p.168 / Chapter 1. --- Domestic work and migration in the new economy --- p.168 / Chapter 2. --- The migration experiences of Indonesian domestic workers in Hong Kong --- p.170 / Chapter 3. --- Self-reflection --- p.174 / Appendix --- p.178 / Chapter 1. --- Details of informants (Domestic workers) --- p.178 / Chapter 2. --- Details of informants (Employers) --- p.179 / Bibliography --- p.180

published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Sciences

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

published_or_final_version / abstract / Linguistics / Master / Master of Arts in Applied Linguistics

Tam Suet-yan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-79). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / LIST OF TABLES --- p.i / ABSTRACT --- p.iii / CHAPTERS / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- Method --- p.21 / Chapter 3. --- Results --- p.33 / Chapter 4. --- Discussions --- p.54 / REFERENCES --- p.69 / APPENDIX / Chapter 1. --- In-depth Interview Questions for Pilot Study --- p.80 / Chapter 2. --- Questionnaire for Main Study --- p.81 / Chapter 3. --- Guiding Questions for Supplementary Case Studies --- p.90 / Chapter 4. --- Reports of Supplementary Case Studies --- p.92

y8803 在全球化發展下，各國人民、資金、原料和貨物的跨境流動，見頻仍。菲律賓與香港的經濟發展存在龐大差異，很多菲律賓婦女因而來港當家庭傭工。近二十年來，外來家傭的處境引起學術關注，但她們的同性戀生活，却鮮為人深入探究。本研究通過對兩個在港菲傭團體的參與觀察、及十位女同性戀菲傭的深入訪談，探求她們的同性戀生活，與其於兩地的社會地位，以及菲律賓的性／別觀念，有何關連。由於具備獨立經濟能力，菲傭在原生家庭地位提昇，家人亦難以越洋監視其生活。在香港，個人自由受法律保護；而菲傭無法融入社會，也讓她們有更大戀愛自由。本民族誌學研究，肯定了移徒的釋放力量，能幫助開啟性向和性別的可能：一些菲傭不單在香港首次實踐女女愛，更首度以陽剛氣質示人。但菲律賓人普遍相信性別身份不變，故菲傭的性別身份逆轉，較其性向的改變，更難為菲律賓社群接受。本論文並紀錄了同性戀菲傭的男／女性別氣質表現：同性戀菲傭雖多扮演男／女性別角色，但兩個性別氣質的展現，往往較為平衡。本研究遂否定陽剛／陰柔氣質、以及同性戀／異性戀之間，有二元對立式的劃分。 / Globalization has seen the acceleration of migration and movement across national borders. Prompted by a gap in the economic development between the two places, many Filipinas move from their homeland to Hong Kong to work as Foreign Domestic Workers (FDWs). Academic attention on their lives has flourished over the last two decades. However, the lesbian practice of FDWs remains under-investigated. Through participant observation of two Filipina FDW groups and in-depth interviews of ten Filipina lesbian domestic workers in Hong Kong, the current research investigates how their lesbian practices intricately relate to their social position in the Philippines and in Hong Kong, as well as the Filipino concept of gender and sexuality. As independent wage workers, these Filipinas enjoy elevated status at home while familial control decreases with distance. In the work destination, which offers better protection towards personal autonomy, the level of societal surveillance they face is further limited with their non-integration into the host society. Hence, their positions at both societies help shield them from tight social control, allowing them to practice homosexuality with relative ease. / This ethnographic study thus affirms the liberating effects of migration for opening up new sexual / gender possibilities: as well as engaging in same-sex relationships for the first time, some of these Filipina FDWs assume masculine identities only after coming to Hong Kong. Yet, the assumption of new gender identity runs contrary to the Filipino concept of gender, which privileges on a persistent inner self. Novice tomboys, therefore, often suffer much from social stigma as the change in gender identity is even more inexplicable to the Filipinas than a change in sexual orientation. / This current research meanwhile documents the performances of masculinity and femininity by these lesbian Filipina FDWs. While observing the significance of gender role-playing in Filipina lesbian relationships, this thesis highlights the presence of a more balanced mix of masculinities and femininities in both butches and femmes. Findings of the present study thus repudiate the dichotomous divides between masculinity and femininity; heterosexuality and homosexuality. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Lee, Yuk Yin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-152). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Acknowledgement --- p.4 / Abstract --- p.6 / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.8 / Research Goal Statement --- p.9 / Overview --- p.10 / Literature Review --- p.16 / Theoretical Framework --- p.28 / Research Method --- p.36 / The Structure of this Thesis --- p.46 / Chapter Chapter Two --- In-Between Hong Kong and the Philippines --- p.48 / The Distant Host City --- p.49 / Stranger in the Family --- p.56 / Liberal Structure of Hong Kong --- p.62 / The Need for Love --- p.64 / Parental Acceptance in the Philippines --- p.67 / Conclusion --- p.71 / Chapter Chapter Three --- Gender Identities --- p.73 / Conceptualization --- p.73 / Gender Identities --- p.79 / Butch Role-Playing --- p.80 / Femme Role-Playing --- p.96 / Conclusion --- p.104 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Tomboy Negotiations --- p.107 / Sexual Identities --- p.108 / Procreation --- p.117 / Sexual Gratification --- p.121 / Un-masculine Gender Behaviour --- p.125 / Conclusion --- p.129 / Chapter Chapter Five --- Conclusion --- p.133 / Significance of the Study --- p.133 / Summary --- p.134 / Main Findings --- p.142 / Recommendations --- p.144 / References and Bibliography --- p.147

published_or_final_version / Comparative Asian Studies / Master / Master of Arts

by Law Yuk-fung, Cherry. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-128). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Acknowledgments --- p.xi / Abstract --- p.xii / Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.1-7 / Chapter 1.1 --- An overview / Chapter 1.2 --- Research questions / Chapter 1.3 --- Conceptualization of the research topic / Chapter 1.4 --- Objective and significance / Chapter Chapter Two: --- Literature Review --- p.8-30 / Chapter 2.1 --- Theoretical perspectives / Chapter 2.2 --- Researches on racism and biased representation in media / Chapter 2.3 --- Researches on domestic servants / Chapter 2.4 --- Limitations on past researches / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Methodology --- p.31-38 / Chapter 3.1 --- Textual analysis of cultural representations / Chapter 3.2 --- In-depth interviews / Chapter 3.3 --- Contextualization of the study / Chapter Chapter Four: --- A socio-historical analysis: the Coming of Filipino Maids in Hong Kong --- p.39-48 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- Cultural Representation of Filipino Domestic Helpers in Hong Kong --- p.49-81 / Chapter 5.1 --- Media images of Filipino domestic helpers in Hong Kong / Chapter 5.2 --- Public sentiments of Hong Kong people towards the Filipino domestic helpers (over certain social protests) / Chapter 5.3 --- Social practices of Hong Kong people towards the Filipino domestic helpers at societal level / Chapter Chapter Six: --- The Interplay between Cultural Representations and Social Practices ´ؤ Findings and Discussion --- p.82-112 / Chapter 6.1. --- General findings / Chapter 6.2. --- "Employers' perceptions, values and beliefs behind their social practices" / Chapter 6.3. --- Interplay between cultural representations and social practices / Chapter 6.4. --- Theoretical linkages with the findings / Chapter Chapter Seven: --- Conclusion --- p.113-117 / Bibliography / Appendices: / Chapter I. --- Core questions of the in-depth interviews / Chapter II. --- Interviewees' profile / Chapter III. --- Figures of employment of foreign domestic helpers in Hong Kong / Chapter IV. --- "Filipino maid suspected in child abuse, behavior being recorded" / Chapter V. --- Books targeted at Filipino maids' employers / Chapter VI. --- "A visual icon for a news story about ""TeleEye""" / Chapter VII. --- News photographs of Filipino domestic helpers about they are dressing too sexy / Chapter VIII. --- Visual elements in the advertisement of employment agencies for Filipino domestic helpers / Chapter IX. --- """Maria"" ´ؤ a popular comedy with Filipino maid, called ""Maria"", as central figure" / Chapter X. --- "News headlines using the Cantonese term “bun mui"""

Cheng, Kam Lam Canny. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-144). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / List of Abbreviations --- p.vi / List of Figures --- p.vii / List of Examples --- p.x / List of Tables --- p.x / Maps --- p.xi / Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction Overview --- p.1 / Filipino Migration / The Filipinos as Diaspora / Theoretical Framework and Literature Review / Methodology / Where is the Field? / Language / Terminology and Stereotypes: Names Used for Filipino/as in Hong Kong / "Social Status, Social Relationships, and Time and Space Constriants" / Overview of the Thesis and Objectives of the Study / Chapter Chapter Two: --- "The Population, Employment and Soundscape of Filipino and Filipina Domestic Helpers in Hong Kong" --- p.31 / Immigration and Employment / Musicality of the Filipinos / The Role of Filipinos in Hong Kong's Musical Scene / "The Soundscape of Hong Kong, a Graphic Illustration" / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Sacred Contexts --- p.42 / "Detailed ""Sacred"" in this Thesis" / The Hong Kong Catholic Diocese and Music of the Chinese Masses / Clerical Support for the Filipino Catholic Community in Hong Kong / Profiles of Five Churches / Detailed Case Study of Two Churches / Selected Examples from Other Hong Kong Church Choirs / "Justification of ""Filipinoness""" / The Impact of Filipino Religious on the Musical Practice of Hong Kong Chinese Parishes / The Impact of Filipino Popular Music on Hong Kong Filipinos' Sacred Music / A Side Trip to the Philippines / Chapter Chapter Four: --- Secular Contexts --- p.83 / Marking Their Piece of Territory / Chater Road: Chater Square and Statue Square / Kantaka (Singing Contests) / Concert in the Park / Culture in Motion / Cultural Initiatives by the Philippine Consulate in Hong Kong / Asia Gathering / Catholic Prayer Gathering / Radio Broadcasts / Buying Recordings / Karaoke / The Hong Kong Musicians Union / Commercial Sponsors for Filipino Musical Activities / The Cordillera Men's Club / Chapter Chapter Five: --- Musical Involvement of the Filipions in Hong Kong during the Anti-World Trade Organization Campaign --- p.115 / Singing of the Filipinos / Chapter Chapter Six: --- Epilogue --- p.127 / Bibliography --- p.135

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration